Eskimo

Alternative forms

 * ,, , Esquimo

Etymology
Attested since 1584, ultimately from an Old term. 's theory, accepted by most linguists today, is that it derives from. An older theory, defended by due to its greater acceptance in Native oral traditions, but discredited by linguists, is that it derives from a term meaning "eater(s) of raw meat".


 * The theory most accepted among linguists today is that it derives from (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), a term applied to the Mi'kmaq and apparently later transferred to the Labrador Inuit.
 * An older theory derives it from a term meaning "eaters of raw meat"; compare 🇨🇬 (Inuit are referred to in some Cree texts as askipiw, "eats something raw").  argues in favor of this theory because of its greater acceptance in native oral traditions, and because the Huron, historical allies and trading partners of the Montagnais who loan-translated many names, also denote the Inuit using terms (e.g. Lorette Huron ok8ch iechronnon, Wyandot ok8chtronnon, both including -ok8ch- "to be raw") meaning "people of the raw", "people who eat something raw".

In 1978, Montagnais-speaking Quebec anthropologist Jose Mailhot alternatively suggested Eskimo meant "people who speak a different language", but Steckley considers her theory unlikely.

The term may have entered English via, (used by Basque fishermen in Labrador).

Proper noun

 * 1)  A group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik.
 * 2) Any of the languages of the Eskimo.

Usage notes

 * has come to be considered offensive, especially in Canada, because it was widely thought to stem from a Cree pejorative meaning "eaters of raw meat"  (although both the Cree and Inuit ate raw meat).
 * In Canada, it has been superseded by (for the peoples, and  for those in the Western Arctic). The term is still used worldwide by historians and archaeologists.
 * In Alaska, indigenous Alaskans find this term too imprecise and prefer "Alaska Native", as "Eskimo" encompasses (and is the only encompassing term for) all the Arctic peoples including the Inuit and the non-Inuit . However,  does not include the related  people.
 * Greenland natives also call themselves (Greenlandic: ), and their language.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 愛斯基摩人
 * Mandarin:, 埃斯基摩人,
 * Chukchi: айванаԓьыт
 * Danish: eskimo
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: eskimot
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Gujarati: એસ્કિમો
 * Hindi: एस्कीमो
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: Eiscimigh
 * Italian: eschimesi
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: Ескими
 * Navajo: Hakʼaz Dineʼé
 * Persian:
 * Polish: Eskimosi
 * Portuguese: esquimós
 * Romanian: eschimoși
 * Russian:
 * Slovene: eskimi
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Waeskimo
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ескімо́си
 * Volapük: läskiomans, läskiomanef,  leskimans,  leskimanef


 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 愛斯基摩語, 埃斯基摩語, 依士企摩語
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hindi: एस्कीमो
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: Eiscimis
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: エスキモー語
 * Macedonian: ескимски
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: эскимо́сский язы́к
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Kieskimo
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ескімо́ська, ескімо́ська мо́ва
 * Volapük: läskiomanapük, leskimanapük

Noun

 * 1)  A member of any of the Eskimo peoples.
 * 2) A dog of the American Eskimo breed.
 * 3) A dog of the Canadian Eskimo breed.
 * 4)  A team member of the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos. (Obsolete as of 2020 with the team dropping this name in favour of Elks in 2021.)
 * 1)  A team member of the Canadian Football League's Edmonton Eskimos. (Obsolete as of 2020 with the team dropping this name in favour of Elks in 2021.)

Translations

 * Armenian: էսկիմոս
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 愛斯基摩人
 * Mandarin:, 埃斯基摩人,
 * Chukchi: айванаԓьын, айван
 * Czech: Eskymák
 * Danish: eskimo, inuit
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hindi: एस्कीमो
 * Hungarian:
 * Ingrian: eskimosa
 * Irish: Eiscimeach
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Macedonian: Еским, Ескимка
 * Polish:, Eskimoska
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovak: Eskimák
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Mweskimo, Waeskimo
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ескімо́с
 * Volapük:, hiläskioman , jiläskioman ,  leskiman

Adjective

 * 1)  Of or relating to the Eskimo peoples.
 * In, of, or relating to the Eskimo languages.

Translations

 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 愛斯基摩
 * Mandarin:, 埃斯基摩, 依士企摩
 * Danish: eskimoisk
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, eskimoiden
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Hindi: एस्कीमो
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: Eiscimeach, Eiscimise
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: ескимски
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: eskimoisk
 * Nynorsk: eskimoisk
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: Kieskimo
 * Ukrainian: ескімо́ський
 * Volapük: läskiomanik, hiläskiomanik, jiläskiomanik, leskimanik,  läskiomanapükik,  leskimanapükik

Etymology
From ; for more, see. The theory that it derives from a word meaning “eater(s) of raw meat” is discredited.

Noun

 * 1)  person

Proper noun

 * 1) the  language (group)

Noun

 * 1) an

Noun

 * 1) Eskimo

Proper noun

 * 1) Eskimo language