Jeans escape

Etymology
Named after English physicist Sir (1877–1946), who is credited with calculating the rate of such atmospheric escape.

Noun

 * 1)  A type of atmospheric escape in which a light gas atom or molecule (typically a helium atom or hydrogen molecule) gains sufficient momentum through collision with other molecules to escape the atmosphere (and gravitational pull) of a planet.
 * 2) * 2014, Eugene F. Milone, William J. F. Wilson, Solar System Astrophysics, Springer, 2nd Edition, page 413,
 * As will be seem in Sects. 11.7.2.3 and 11.7.3.2, Jeans escape of atoms from Venus is negligible compared to other, nonthermal mechanisms, whereas Jeans escape dominates the loss of  from Mars. On both planets, Jeans escape of,  and  is negligible.
 * 1) * 2017, Kevin Heng, Exoplanetary Atmospheres,, page 213,
 * The simplest model of Jeans escape [112], a mechanism named after the Englishman James H. Jeans, assumes that the constituent particles of the atmosphere may be described by a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution,
 * $$f_M = \left (\frac{a}{\pi}\right )^{3/2} ne^{-av^2}$$,    (13.6)
 * where $$a\equiv m/2k_B T$$, $$n$$ is the number density of particles and $$v$$ is the magnitude of the velocity.
 * 1) * 2021, Mark H. Thiemens, Mang Lin, 2: Discoveries of Mass Independent Isotope Effects in the Solar System, Ilya N. Bindeman, Andreas Pack (editors), Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Volume 86: Triple Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry,, page 70,
 * The hydrogen is lost from the system by diffusion and Jeans escapes.

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