Module:fi-IPA

local export = {}

local m_IPA = require("Module:IPA") local m_hyph = require("Module:fi-hyphenation") local m_str_utils = require("Module:string utilities")

local find = m_str_utils.find local gmatch = m_str_utils.gmatch local gsub = m_str_utils.gsub local len = m_str_utils.len local lower = m_str_utils.lower local match = m_str_utils.match local sub = m_str_utils.sub local U = m_str_utils.char

local langcode = "fi"

local nonsyllabic = U(0x32F) -- inverted breve below local unreleased = U(0x31A) local nasalized = U(0x303) local long = "ː"

local letters_phonemes = { ["a"] = "ɑ", ["ä"] = "æ", ["ö"] = "ø", ["å"] = "o", ["g"] = "ɡ", ["q"] = "k", ["v"] = "ʋ", ["š"] = "ʃ", ["ž"] = "ʒ", ["x"] = "ks", ["zz"] = "ts", ["ng"] = "ŋː", ["nk"] = "ŋk", ["nkk"] = "ŋkː", ["qu"] = "kʋ", ["*"] = "ˣ", ["'"] = ".", }

local lookahead = 3 -- how many unstressed syllables at most in a single unit, thus max consecutive unstressed syllables

local vowels = "ɑeiouyæø" local vowel = "[" .. vowels .. "]" local consonants = "kptɡgbdfʔsnmŋlrhʋʃʒrjçɦx" local consonant = "[" .. consonants .. "]" local diacritics = "̝̞̠̪" local diacritic = "[" .. diacritics .. "]"

local spelled_consonants = "cšvwxzž" local spelled_consonant = "[" .. consonants .. spelled_consonants .. "]" local spelled_vowels = "aäö" local spelled_vowel = "[" .. vowels .. spelled_vowels .. "]"

local tertiary = "ˌ" -- "tertiary stress", a weaker secondary stress (either rhythmic or in some compound words). is there a better way to represent this? export.tertiary = tertiary

local stress_indicator = "[ ˈˌ" .. tertiary .. "/-]" local plosives = "kptbdɡ"

local stress_p = "[ˈˌ" .. tertiary .. "]" local stress_s = "[ˌ" .. tertiary .. "]" local stress_pd = "[ˈˌ" .. tertiary .. "%.]" local stress_sd = "[ˌ" .. tertiary .. "%.]"

local replacements_narrow = { ["ɑ"] = "ɑ̝", ["e"] = "e̞", ["ø"] = "ø̞", ["o"] = "o̞", ["t"] = "t̪", ["s"] = "s̠" }

--	This adds letters_phonemes["e"] = "e", letters_phonemes["i"] = "i", etc. for letter in gmatch("eiouydhfjklmnprstu", ".") do	letters_phonemes[letter] = letter end

--	This regex finds the diphthongs in the IPA transcription,		so that the nonsyllabic diacritic can be added. -- /_i/ diphthongs can appear in any syllable local diphthongs_i = { "[ɑeouyæø]i" } -- /_U/ diphthongs can appear in the initial syllable or later open syllables (no consonantal coda) local diphthongs_u = { "[ɑoei]u", "[eiæø]y", } -- rising diphthongs can only appear in the initial syllable (of a word, compound word part, etc.) local diphthongs_rising = { "uo", "ie", "yø", }

local function apply_post_fixes(p) -- initial  is /gn/ p = gsub(p, "ˈŋn", "ˈɡn")

-- ŋ is short before consonant (by default) p = gsub(p, "ŋ"..long.."("..consonant..")", "ŋ%1")

-- dissimilation of vowels by sandhi p = gsub(p, "("..vowel..diacritic.."*)(["..long..nonsyllabic.."]?)("..stress_s..")%1", "%1%2%3(ʔ)%1")

return p end

local function apply_post_fixes_narrow(p) -- t is alveolar in /ts/ and /st/ p = gsub(p, "t̪("..stress_pd.."?%s*)s̠", "t%1s̠") p = gsub(p, "s̠("..stress_pd.."?%s*)t̪", "s̠%1t") -- n is dental in /nt/ p = gsub(p, "n("..stress_pd.."?%s*)t̪", "n̪%1t̪") p = gsub(p, "t̪("..stress_pd.."?%s*)n", "t̪%1n̪") -- l allophone p = gsub(p, "l("..stress_pd.."?%s*)t̪", "l̪%1t̪") p = gsub(p, "t̪("..stress_pd.."?%s*)l", "t̪%1l̪")

-- long j, v after i, u diphthong p = gsub(p, "(i"..nonsyllabic..")j("..vowel..")", "%1j("..long..")%2") -- /ʋ/ after /u/ usually realized as /w/ (see Suomi, Toivanen and Ylitalo 2008, p. ) p = gsub(p, "(u"..nonsyllabic..")ʋ("..vowel..")", "%1w("..long..")%2") -- cleanup p = gsub(p, "("..stress_s..")%.", "%1") p = gsub(p, "("..stress_pd..")"..stress_s, "%1")

-- tautosyllabic nasals nasalize vowels between them (see Suomi, Toivanen and Ylitalo 2008, p. 22) --p = gsub(p, "([mnŋ]"..long.."?)("..vowel..")("..diacritic.."*)([mnŋ])(.?)", function (n0, nv, nvd, n1, anchor)	--	-- this cannot be simplified to "(.?)" => "([^" .. vowels .. "]?)", otherwise a vowel after would match	--	if not find(anchor, vowel) then	--		return n0 .. nv .. nasalized .. nvd .. n1 .. anchor	--	end	--end) -- sandhi: nm > mm, np > mp, nb > mb, nk > ŋk, ng > ŋg p = gsub(p, "nm", "m" .. long) p = gsub(p, "n("..stress_pd.."?%s*)([ɡk])", "ŋ%1%2") p = gsub(p, "n("..stress_pd.."?%s*)([mpb])", "m%1%2") p = gsub(p, "[nm]("..stress_pd.."?%s*)([f])", "ɱ%1%2")

-- handle potentially long consonants over secondary stresses p = gsub(p, "("..consonant..diacritic.."*)%("..long.."%)("..stress_s..")", "%2%1("..long..")") p = gsub(p, "("..stress_s..")("..consonant..diacritic.."*)%("..long.."%)", "(%2)%1%2") p = gsub(p, "(ŋ"..diacritic.."*)"..tertiary.."ɡ", "%1"..tertiary.."ŋ") -- [k] allophone before front vowels (see Suomi, Toivanen and Ylitalo 2008, p. 27) p = gsub(p, "k([eiyæø])", "k̟%1") return p end

function export.is_light_syllable(syllable) return find(lower(syllable), "^[" .. m_hyph.sep_symbols .. "]?" .. spelled_consonant .. "?" .. spelled_vowel .. "%(?%*?%)?$") end

function export.has_later_heavy_syllable(hyph, start) local stop = math.min(start + lookahead, #hyph - 1) for index = start, stop do		if not export.is_light_syllable(hyph[index]) then return true end end return false end

-- applied *before* IPA conversion local function add_secondary_stress(word) -- keep_sep_symbols = true local hyph = m_hyph.generate_hyphenation(word, true) local res = "" local last_index = #hyph -- find stressed syllables and add secondary stress before each syllable for index, syllable in ipairs(hyph) do		local stressed = false local has_symbol = find(syllable, "^[" .. m_hyph.sep_symbols .. "ˈˌ" .. tertiary .. "]") if has_symbol then -- check if symbol indicates stress stressed = find(syllable, "^" .. stress_indicator) has_symbol = stressed end if not stressed then if index == 1 then stressed = true elseif not prev_stress and index < last_index then -- shift stress if current syllable light and a heavy syllable occurs later (except as the last syllable) stressed = index == last_index - 1 or not export.is_light_syllable(syllable) or not export.has_later_heavy_syllable(hyph, index + 1) end if stressed then last_stressed = index end end -- check if next syllable already stressed -- if is, do not stress this syllable if stressed and index < last_index then stressed = stressed and not find(hyph[index + 1], "^" .. stress_indicator) end

if index > 1 and stressed and not has_symbol then res = res .. "-$"		end res = res .. syllable

prev_stress = stressed end

local noninitial = {} local index = 1 res = gsub(res, "-([$]?)",		function (dollar)			index = index + 1			noninitial[index] = #dollar > 0			return #dollar > 0 and tertiary or "-"		end) return res, noninitial end

local function handle_diphthongs(IPA, strict_initial) -- Add nonsyllabic diacritic after last vowel of diphthong. for _, diphthong_regex in pairs(diphthongs_i) do IPA = gsub(IPA, diphthong_regex, "%0" .. nonsyllabic) end

local only_initial = stress_indicator .. "[^" .. vowels .. "]*"	if strict_initial then only_initial = "^[^" .. vowels .. "]*"	end

for _, diphthong_regex in pairs(diphthongs_rising) do		-- initial syllables IPA = gsub(IPA, only_initial .. diphthong_regex, "%0" .. nonsyllabic) end

for _, diphthong_regex in pairs(diphthongs_u) do		-- initial syllables IPA = gsub(IPA, only_initial .. diphthong_regex, "%0" .. nonsyllabic)

local open_noninitial = function(diphthong, after) if find(after, "^" .. consonant .. diacritic .. "*" .. vowel) then -- consonant after diphthong -- must be followed by vowel so that it's part of the -- following syllable, else it's in this syllable -- and thus this syllabie is closed

return diphthong .. nonsyllabic .. after elseif find(after, "^" .. consonant) then -- consonant after diphthong -- must be in this syllable

return diphthong .. after end -- no consonant after diphthong => open return diphthong .. nonsyllabic .. after end

-- open non-initial syllables IPA = gsub(IPA, "(" .. diphthong_regex .. ")([^" .. nonsyllabic .. "].+)", open_noninitial) IPA = gsub(IPA, "(" .. diphthong_regex .. ")($)", open_noninitial) end

return IPA end

local function IPA_word(term, is_narrow, has_initial) local rest = term local phonemes = {} while len(rest) > 0 do		-- Find the longest string of letters that matches a recognised sequence in the list local longestmatch = "" for letter, phoneme in pairs(letters_phonemes) do			if sub(rest, 1, len(letter)) == letter and len(letter) > len(longestmatch) then longestmatch = letter end end -- Convert the string to IPA if len(longestmatch) > 0 then table.insert(phonemes, letters_phonemes[longestmatch]) rest = sub(rest, len(longestmatch) + 1) else table.insert(phonemes, sub(rest, 1, 1)) rest = sub(rest, 2) end end local result = table.concat(phonemes) if is_narrow then -- articulation of h (Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo 2008, p. 28) result = gsub(result, "(.?)h(.?)",			function (before, after)				local h				if after ~= "" and after ~= "h" then					if before ~= "" and vowels:find(before) then						if consonants:find(after) then							-- vihma, yhtiö							if before == "i" or before == "y" then								h = "ç"							-- mahti, kohme, tuhka							elseif before == "ɑ" or before == "o" or before == "u" then								h = "x"							end						-- maha						elseif vowels:find(after) then							h = "ɦ"						end					end				end				if h then					return before .. h .. after				end			end) -- double letter replacement and diphthongs must be handled earlier here result = gsub(result, "(%a)%1", "%1" .. long) if has_initial then result = handle_diphthongs(result, true) end for letter, phoneme in pairs(replacements_narrow) do			result = gsub(result, letter, phoneme) end end return result end

function export.IPA_wordparts(term, is_narrow) term = lower(term) local notinitial = {} -- true if the component is not an initial component local hyphenstress = "ˌ" -- secondary by default local is_prefix = false local is_suffix = false

if find(term, "%/") then hyphenstress = tertiary -- tertiary if we have slashes end if is_narrow then term, notinitial = add_secondary_stress(term) end local found term, found = gsub(term, "^%-+", "") is_suffix = found > 0 term, found = gsub(term, "%-+$", "") is_prefix = found > 0 -- make sure we keep slashes to figure out if secondary or tertiary term = gsub(term, "%/", "-%1") local wordparts = mw.text.split(term, "-", true)

for key, val in ipairs(wordparts) do		local stress = key > 1 and hyphenstress or "ˈ" local part = val

if find(part, "^%/") then stress = "ˌ" -- always secondary part = part:sub(2) end if find(part, "ˈ") then stress = "" end

wordparts[key] = stress .. IPA_word(part, is_narrow, not notinitial[key]) end IPA = table.concat(wordparts, "") if is_narrow then -- handle * in narrow transcription IPA = gsub(IPA, "ˣ(%)?%s*"..stress_p.."?)((.?)" .. diacritic .. "*)", function (post, after, potential_consonant) if potential_consonant == "" then if find(post, "^%)") then						return "ʔ" .. post .. after					else						return post .. "(ʔ)" .. after					end				elseif consonants:find(potential_consonant) then					if #post > 0 then						local amark = ""						if plosives:find(sub(after, 1, 1)) then							amark = unreleased						end						return after .. amark .. post .. after					else						return post .. after .. long					end				else					return post .. "ʔ" .. after				end			end) else --	Replace double letters (vowels or consonants) with single letter plus length sign. IPA = gsub(IPA, "(%a)%1", "%1" .. long) IPA = handle_diphthongs(IPA, false) end IPA = apply_post_fixes(IPA) if is_narrow then IPA = apply_post_fixes_narrow(IPA) end if is_prefix then IPA = IPA .. "-"	end if is_suffix then IPA = "-" .. IPA end return IPA end

function export.IPA(term) if type(term) == "table" then term = term:getParent.args[1] end local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle.text if not term then term = title elseif term == "*" then term = title .. "*"	end local no_count = match(term, " ") IPA_narrow = export.IPA_wordparts(term, true) IPA = export.IPA_wordparts(term, false) return m_IPA.format_IPA_full { lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode(langcode), items = {{pron = "/" .. IPA .. "/"}, {pron = "[" .. IPA_narrow .. "]"}},		no_count = no_count, } end

return export