Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-janą

Etymology 1
From a merger of several suffixes, which had become alike because of the combination of Sievers' law (j/ij) and i-mutation:


 * attached to athematic stems. Cognates include Ancient Greek denominatives with -y- metathesis, verbs in and, Sanskrit denominative verbs in.
 * , a compound suffix of + the above suffix. Cognates include most 🇨🇬 (fourth conjugation) verbs, some  (second conjugation) verbs, most 🇨🇬 contracted verbs, Sanskrit denominative verbs in.

Inflection
Following a short stem, which consists of a short vowel followed by a single consonant, the suffix is *-janą.

Following a long stem, which has either a long vowel or diphthong, or a short vowel followed by multiple consonants, the suffix is *-ijaną.

Descendants
This suffix remained productive only in Gothic. It was preserved in Old Norse but was no longer productive in that language, its function having been taken over by. In West Germanic, it had already almost disappeared in most languages except after -r-, and was no longer productive in those that retained it.


 * (only after short stems)
 * (only after short stems)
 * (only after short stems)

Etymology 2
From.

Inflection
Following a short stem, which consists of a short vowel followed by a single consonant, the suffix is *-janą.

Following a long stem, which has either a long vowel or diphthong, or a short vowel followed by several consonants, the suffix is *-ijaną.

Etymology 3
From, an innovated compound suffix from which was originally athematic, but later extended with the thematic present suffix  based on the past participle. Cognate with Latin stative verbs in (second conjugation).

Inflection
Following a short stem, which consists of a short vowel followed by a single consonant, the suffix is *-janą.

Following a long stem, which has either a long vowel or diphthong, or a short vowel followed by several consonants, the suffix is *-ijaną.

Descendants
This suffix was no longer productive in any of the daughter languages, and in West Germanic it quickly became a relic class and mostly merged with the second weak class, except in Old High German where it was preserved longer. In Old High German and Gothic, the class of verbs formed by this suffix merged with those derived with, creating a single unified third weak class.


 * (merged with all other verbs)
 * (only after short stems)
 * (merged with all other verbs)
 * (only after short stems)
 * (only after short stems)
 * (only after short stems)