Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/ɴɢɛuŋ

Alternative reconstructions


Ostapirat (2016) reconstructs *ŋ.lˠ- as the initial.

Etymology
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Noun

 * , heaven

Descendants

 * Hmongic
 * Pa Hng
 * Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: ʔa⁰³waŋ³³
 * Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: la⁰³waŋ³³
 * North Hmongic
 * West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tɑ³⁵pʐɑ³⁵n̥e³⁵
 * East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: pja⁵³vei³¹
 * East Hmongic
 * North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: vɛ⁵⁵
 * East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: qa³³ʑi²²
 * South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: kwan¹³ŋo³¹
 * West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: vei⁵⁵
 * Sheic
 * Younuo 优诺: ŋo¹³
 * Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ŋkwaŋ³³
 * Bana 巴那: la⁰⁴gwaŋ³¹³
 * She - Xiashuicun 下水村: kwaŋ³¹
 * West Hmongic
 * Bunu
 * Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: tɕi³¹ŋkoŋ¹³
 * Nunu - Xishan 西山: koŋ⁴²
 * Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: ŋkuŋ⁵⁵
 * Core
 * East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵ŋɢwaŋ³¹
 * West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²ŋɢwɑŋ³¹
 * Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: ŋqə̃⁵⁵
 * Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ntoŋ⁵³
 * A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: ndɦu³⁵
 * Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: nto³¹
 * Mienic
 * Mien
 * Guangdian (Jiangdi): luŋ³¹
 * Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): luŋ³¹
 * Kim Mun
 * Diangui (Liangzi): guŋ³³
 * Fanghai (Tansan): guːŋ³³
 * Biao Mon
 * Changping: ðuŋ³¹
 * Luoxiang: guŋ³¹
 * Biao Min
 * Dongshan: lwə³¹
 * Shikou: tʰjen³³
 * Niuweizhai: ɣɯ⁵³
 * Dzao Min (Daping): vaŋ⁵³