Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ébōl

Etymology
Connection with certain Indo-Iranian terms has been suggested:
 * Pashayi wālī (perhaps < 🇨🇬);
 * 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, all < 🇨🇬 ~ , possibly reflecting earlier (via assimilation in nasality from *b..n to *m..n), ultimately from PIE . This hypothetical  descendant might be the source of 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, displaying variation between coda *-n- and *-r- as would be expected from borrowing from a source with *-rn-.

There are several indications that the word for did not belong to the oldest layer of the Indo-European protolanguage: This all points that the word potentially entered the Indo-European speech continuum some time after the dissolution of the parent language.
 * 1) The word is limited to the West Indo-European languages
 * 2) It contains the phoneme */b/, which had marginal distribution in PIE
 * 3) It somewhat resembles the South European word for  (PIE or pseudo-PIE : Latin, 🇨🇬), which might suggest a substrate or wanderwort origin of both.


 * There are several proposed connections with Semitic. These are often posited in a framework of a theoretical Atlantic language with Semitic affinities, or by pointing out overlapping mythological motifs surrounding apples suggesting some kind of cultural sharing. This is the viewpoint marked by Dozy, Vennemann, Blažek, and others, typically with connections to the root ʾ-b-l, often with Arabic or South Semitic/Ethiopian comparisons. See 🇨🇬 an obscure term, . Alternatively, an extension of Orel and Stolbova's reconstructive work, connecting back to an Afro-Asiatic root for appendages, genitals, testicles, a mass, globe or round object, still found in Ethiopian languages, potentially later being extended to fruit by comparison. Beyond proposed connections featuring /ʔ/, there are potential suggestions with /ʕ/: 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. To bolster this avenue and the distant relationship with Proto-Indo-European, the Laryngeal Theory reconstructs the /*h₂/ phoneme as a pharyngeal fricative consonant, basing comparison of /ħ/ and /ʕ/ as an a-coloring phonetic conditioner in contemporary languages, most notably Semitic languages.


 * Gamkrelidze and Ivanov argue that the Hittite cognate is, which renders the original PIE form as or . The original cluster *-ml- remained as such in Anatolian, but yielded *-bl- in the other IE languages which otherwise typically finds the phoneme */b/ rare or non-existing. Such a reconstruction is not attested but in a few roots, such as the dubiously constructed root /*mel-. The initial /s/ would be an example of the Proto-Indo-European s-mobile, not being necessary to appear in other descendants. The Hittite word is however paired with the 🇨🇬 with the usual Hattic /t/ = Hittite /l/ correspondence, easily being a potential borrowing from Hattic or vice versa. The form  may also be connected via metathesis with Proto-Kartvelian ; note in particular the unmetathesized

Reconstruction
Germanic stem variants *apal- and *apla- point to the originally archaic ablauting paradigm.

Noun

 * 1)  apple

Synonyms

 * (uncertain reconstruction and semantics)