Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/peh₂-

Root

 * 1) to protect, to ward
 * 2) to shepherd

Usage notes
Semantic shift from "protector" towards "shepherd, herder" can be seen in many branches, signifying the importance of herding. Unusual is the o-grade root in Greek, where the abstract nomina agentis suffix usually binds e-grade, but that hardly seems sufficient to reconstruct *h₃ in the root and to separate it from.

Derived terms

 * *peh₂(y)-
 * *péh₂-ti ~ *ph₂-énti
 * *péh₂-s-ti ~ *ph₂-s-énti
 * *ph₂-sḱé-ti
 * Tocharian A: pās- ("to look after, guard")
 * Tocharian:
 * *poh₂-t-éye- or *ph₂-t-éye-
 * Hellenic:
 * *ph₂-t-éh₂-(ye)-
 * *poh₂-mn̥
 * Hellenic:
 * *poh₂-i-mn̥
 * Balto-Slavic:
 * Hellenic:
 * *poh₂-yus
 * *peh₂-tew-
 * Iranian: *pātew-
 * , with metathesis
 * Iranian: *ā-pāta- "city, cultivated"
 * Kurdish:
 * Iranian: *ā-pāta-na "city hall"
 * Armenian *pawta- "flock" (with metathesis):
 * Old Armenian: հաւտ
 * Hellenic:
 * *poh₂-i-mn̥
 * Balto-Slavic:
 * Hellenic:
 * *poh₂-yus
 * *peh₂-tew-
 * Iranian: *pātew-
 * , with metathesis
 * Iranian: *ā-pāta- "city, cultivated"
 * Kurdish:
 * Iranian: *ā-pāta-na "city hall"
 * Armenian *pawta- "flock" (with metathesis):
 * Old Armenian: հաւտ
 * *peh₂-tew-
 * Iranian: *pātew-
 * , with metathesis
 * Iranian: *ā-pāta- "city, cultivated"
 * Kurdish:
 * Iranian: *ā-pāta-na "city hall"
 * Armenian *pawta- "flock" (with metathesis):
 * Old Armenian: հաւտ
 * Kurdish:
 * Iranian: *ā-pāta-na "city hall"
 * Armenian *pawta- "flock" (with metathesis):
 * Old Armenian: հաւտ
 * Iranian: *ā-pāta-na "city hall"
 * Armenian *pawta- "flock" (with metathesis):
 * Old Armenian: հաւտ
 * Armenian *pawta- "flock" (with metathesis):
 * Old Armenian: հաւտ


 * *peh₂-lo-
 * *peh₂-tro-
 * Armenian:
 * Manichaean Middle Persian:
 * *peh₂-dʰlom
 * Italic:
 * *peh₂-dʰrom
 * *Péh₂-usōn
 * Hellenic:
 * *péh₂-tōr ~ ph₂-tr-és
 * Unsorted formations:
 * Armenian:
 * (?) Old Armenian:
 * Hellenic:
 * Kurdish:
 * , to protect, guard
 * Italic:
 * Italic:
 * *peh₂-dʰrom
 * *Péh₂-usōn
 * Hellenic:
 * *péh₂-tōr ~ ph₂-tr-és
 * Unsorted formations:
 * Armenian:
 * (?) Old Armenian:
 * Hellenic:
 * Kurdish:
 * , to protect, guard
 * Italic:
 * Unsorted formations:
 * Armenian:
 * (?) Old Armenian:
 * Hellenic:
 * Kurdish:
 * , to protect, guard
 * Italic:
 * (?) Old Armenian:
 * Hellenic:
 * Kurdish:
 * , to protect, guard
 * Italic:
 * Kurdish:
 * , to protect, guard
 * Italic:
 * , to protect, guard
 * Italic:
 * , to protect, guard
 * Italic:
 * Italic: