Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ɣwino-

Etymology
Usually considered a borrowing from. . However, the nature of relationship with it, as well as with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and the first part of 🇨🇬 may be more complicated.

According to many, the borrowing occured via the (Pre-) ancestor of 🇨🇬, genitive, variously reconstructed as , or. Martirosyan describes the sound change → Proto-Armenian  → Kartvelian  as impeccable and observes it also in  →  (→ ) →. According to others, however, the term was borrowed directly from Proto-Indo-European; for example, Klimov (1998) agrees with the ultimate Proto-Indo-European origin of the word but denies derivation from Old Armenian, citing Diakonoff: "It cannot go back to Armenian gini because the change *w → g probably must have been accomplished there long before the first Kartvelian-Armenian contacts in the 7th–6th centuries B.C.".

Fähnrich, rejecting the Indo-European origin considered the word to be a native South Caucasian formation derived from the Proto-Kartvelian verbal root (whence Georgian, , etc).

Even though agrohistorians regard the Caucasus and vicinity as the cradle of grape-growing and winemaking, this has not prevented Kartvelians from borrowing wine-related terminology from Indo-Europeans, for example in the cases of and.

The ending of Svan ღვინ-ელ, ღვინ-ა̈ლ represents a petrified diminutive affix.

Noun

 * 1) wine

Reconstruction notes
If, is borrowed from Georgian, then  is reconstructible only to the 🇨🇬 stage.

Descendants

 * Zan:
 * Zan:
 * Zan: