Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/d-kʷəj-n

Etymology

 * Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
 * Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *d-kʷəy-n (Matisoff, STEDT; Mortensen, 2012); *kwiy=*kwəy ⪤ **d-k-wiy (LaPolla, 1987); *kwiy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987; Benedict, 1972); *kwəy (Chou, 1972; Weidert, 1987)

A widely attested root in Sino-Tibetan languages.

The nasal suffix -n is reconstructed solely on the basis of the Chinese comparandum "", where it is said to function as a "collective plural" suffix. This word has almost been completely replaced by (gǒu, from Old Chinese *Cə.kˁroʔ, "dog") in modern varieties, which Schuessler (2007) considers to be a substrate loanword of Hmong-Mien origin (🇨🇬), which is in turn perhaps an Austronesian loan, cf. 🇨🇬 (Benedict, 1996). Compare 🇨🇬 (distantly possible as *eŋku (signature shift), from **e-ŋku[kuɣ] (typical reduction on the right)), and 🇨🇬 (Modern ).

Compare 🇨🇬 (whence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), where the -n suffixed form is preserved in many modern reflexes.



Noun

 * 1) dog

Descendants

 * (ZS), (B-S)
 * 犬-oracle.svg


 * Beijing:
 * Guangzhou-Hong Kong:
 * Min:
 * Coastal Min:
 * Taiwan:
 * Greater Magaric
 * Magaric
 * Kham:
 * Himalayish
 * Tibeto-Kanauri
 * Bodic
 * Tibetan
 * Written
 * Mahakiranti
 * Kiranti
 * Central Kiranti
 * Eastern Kiranti
 * Chepangic
 * Magaric
 * Tangut-Qiang
 * Northern
 * rGyalrongic
 * Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
 * Lolo-Burmese
 * Burmish
 * Loloish
 * Northern Loloish
 * Yi (Liangshan):
 * (Luangthongkum, 2013)
 * Chepangic
 * Magaric
 * Tangut-Qiang
 * Northern
 * rGyalrongic
 * Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
 * Lolo-Burmese
 * Burmish
 * Loloish
 * Northern Loloish
 * Yi (Liangshan):
 * (Luangthongkum, 2013)
 * Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
 * Lolo-Burmese
 * Burmish
 * Loloish
 * Northern Loloish
 * Yi (Liangshan):
 * (Luangthongkum, 2013)
 * (Luangthongkum, 2013)