Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/pljum

Etymology

 * Proto-Sino-Tibetan: ?
 * Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *plyum (Matisoff, STEDT)

This root is mainly attested in Old Chinese, Tibetan and Karenic branch of Tibeto-Burman.

Chinese has a large family of words written with characters belonging to phonetic series. Old Chinese means exactly “bee, wasp”, while  indicates a “pointed weapon”. According to Schuessler (2007), the verb, and its exopassive nominal derivative , are also related to this root. One may also consider Old Chinese as a member of this word family. Compare 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬 belong to different roots (Coblin, 1986). The former should be listed here, while the latter originates from 🇨🇬, whence Old Chinese.

Noun

 * 1) bee
 * 2) wasp

Descendants

 * Old Chinese:
 * (B-S), (ZS) ("bee, wasp")
 * (B-S), (ZS) ("point of a weapon")
 * (B-S), (ZS) ("to sew");  // (B-S),  (ZS) ("seam")
 * (ZS) ("summit, peak")
 * Middle Chinese:
 * (whence 🇨🇬, etc)
 * Modern Mandarin
 * Beijing: ; ;, ;
 * Min Nan
 * Xiamen: ; ;, ;
 * Himalayish
 * Tibeto-Kanauri
 * Bodic
 * Tibetan
 * Written
 * Karen: (Luangthongkum, 2013)
 * Bodic
 * Tibetan
 * Written
 * Karen: (Luangthongkum, 2013)