Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/korľь

Etymology
Generally agreed to derive from, name of the Frankish ruler (742-814) who ruled the western areas of Slavdom, from.

Extended derivation: The shift from hard o-stem to the soft jo-stem, as outlined in the chronology above, has several theories of origin:
 * Old High German > Late Proto-Slavic
 * Holzer explains the j-suffix as originating from a substantivized possessive adjective
 * Schenker suggests analogical replacement after agent nouns ending in or other words denoting leaders such as  and
 * Pronk-Tiethoff suggests the final is due to the fact that Proto-Slavs likely perceived the Old High German final consonant as soft, similarly as in the loanword.

The word has been described as "without doubt the most famous Germanic loanword in Slavic" (Pronk-Tiethoff 2013) due to the fact that it's the only loanword in Slavic that can actually be dated, thus giving clues to the absolute dating of Proto-Slavic phonological developments. The fact that it regularly underwent historical Proto-Slavic sound laws, and that it's reflected in all three branches, is one of the chief indications to date Late Proto-Slavic (Common Slavic) to the ninth century.

However, this is comparatively late (only a century before Old Church Slavonic manuscripts were written), so other etymologies have been suggested: These theories are generally thought of as less convincing than from Karl "Charlemagne", who was an actual king of (some) Slavs.
 * Holzer derives it from the name of the Frankish ruler (688-741). The issue with this theory is that Charles Martel was not particularly important to the contemporary Slavs.
 * Stender-Petersen derives it from (Old High German ) with a semantic shift explained as "very ordinary".

Noun

 * 1)  king

Descendants

 * East Slavic:
 * South Slavic:
 * West Slavic:
 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
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 * Pomeranian:
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 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
 * West Slavic:
 * Pomeranian:
 * Sorbian:
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