Template:+obj/documentation

This template creates a description of the arguments that a term takes and their meaning.

Parameters

 * 1
 * The language code of the term being defined. (See Languages.)


 * 2, 3, ...
 * Specs for the arguments that the term takes. See below.

Arguments
Parameters to +obj indicate the arguments (direct and indirect objects, prepositions and associated cases, etc.) that a term (most commonly a verb, sometimes a noun, adjective or adverb) can take. A basic argument is either an inflection tag of the sort used in infl of (see the documentation of that template), such as (dative); or a literal word (e.g. preposition or conjunction) preceded by a colon, such as the German preposition  or the Italian conjunction. (Postpositions, as well as conjunctions whose associated clause precedes rather than follows, as in a head-final language like Japanese, should be preceded by two colons.) A literal word can be followed by an inflection tag in parentheses to indicate the governance of the associated object (i.e. what case or form it takes). Examples are ( + accusative) and  ( + infinitive). For example, the German verb might be defined as follows: which produces
 * 1)  to care about, to pay attention to
 * 1)  to care about, to pay attention to

Either form of argument (inflection tag or literal word) can be followed by a gloss in angle brackets, e.g. mgiht be defined as follows: which produces
 * 1)  to direct, to point (e.g. a weapon)
 * 1)  to direct, to point (e.g. a weapon)

If a given argument can take more than one possible form with no difference in semantics, separate the possible forms with a slash (grouping them into an alternant set). An example is : which produces
 * 1)  to trust, to place confidence
 * 1)  to trust, to place confidence

If a given term can take more than one argument with different semantics, separate the arguments with a plus sign, as with : which produces This also shows that a slash can be used inside of parens when a given literal word can govern an object in more than one possible case.
 * 1)  to bother; to pester
 * 1)  to bother; to pester

Multiword arguments
Examples shown so far use a single inflectional tag and a single literal word. In point of fact, however, the space character is not considered a separator, so you can freely use multiword inflectional tags and multiword "literal words". A fairly simple example of the latter occurs with : which appears as Here, is a single compound preposition and is linked as such. If it is desired to link each word separately, surround them in double brackets, as with : which appears as Note also in this case that when non-Latin script literal words are used along with a governance tag, both the transliteration of the literal word(s) and the governance tag appear in the same set of parentheses.
 * 1) to maneuver/manoeuvre or scheme
 * 1) to maneuver/manoeuvre or scheme
 * 1) provided (that), as long (as)
 * 1) provided (that), as long (as)

When it is necessary to specify a multiword inflection tag, it is often best to join the individual words with unless the combination with a space in it is recognized as an inflection tag in its own right. An example occurs with : which appears as The says to treat each joined word or word set as an inflection tag and join them as if there were given as separate parameters to infl of (which usually means with spaces). That is, the output of is similar to the output of zlw-opl (minus the lemma and preceding of at the end).
 * 1)  to return, to give back
 * 1)  to return, to give back

A special use of is when placed before the beginning of the first inflection tag. This suppresses the preceding with. This is useful with certain tags such as, such as with : which displays as This means that the object can either directly follow the verb or follow after the preposition. Without the initial, you'd get the following: which doesn't look quite right.
 * 1)  to skip
 * 1)  to skip
 * 1)  to skip

Multiple parameters
If two or more arguments or argument sets with different semantics can co-occur, they should be separated with a sign, as shown above. However, if two such arguments cannot co-occur, there are two ways to handle this. One is to use separate parameters, as follows, for : which appears as
 * 1)  to rage
 * 1)  to rage

Another way, which works well especially if there is only a single argument each, is to group them into an alternant set by separating them with a slash, giving each alternant its own gloss, as for another meaning of : which appears as
 * 1)  to persist
 * 1)  to persist

This second way could be done with the earlier example but would likely be confusing due to the multiple alternants in the first argument set, and cannot be done at all when a parameter consists of arguments or argument sets joined by. An example of this occurs with the transitive use of : which appears as
 * 1)  to beg
 * 1)  to beg

Another complex example where multiple parameters are necessary is with : which appears as
 * 1)  to perceive, apprehend, notice
 * 1)  to perceive, apprehend, notice

Qualifiers
Qualifiers (and certain other inline modifiers) can be attached to any individual argument. Qualifiers take the form for a left qualifier (appearing directly before the argument) or  for a right qualifier (appearing directly after the argument). An example is : which produces Here, the qualifier attaches to the argument  and appears directly before it.
 * 1)  to get to
 * 1)  to get to

The qualifiers and  are individual qualifiers, meaning they are logically attached to a given individual argument and appear directly before or after it. There are also corresponding overall qualifiers and, which logically attach to a alternant set of arguments (i.e. a set of arguments separated by a slash). These must appear after the last argument in the alternant set, and display slightly differently. For example, attached to the first argument in an alternant set appears after (inside of) the word with preceding the argument, while  attached the the end of an alternant set appears before (outside of) the word with preceding the arguments. The uses of these two types of qualifiers are different; for example, the above example could be further clarified as follows: appearing as Conversely, the following example for shows where  is appropriate}}: which appears as
 * 1)  to get to
 * 1)  to get to
 * 1)  suitable, appropriate, proper, adequate, relevant
 * 1)  suitable, appropriate, proper, adequate, relevant

Finally, it should be noted that if an argument is not part of an alternant set (i.e. does not have a slash next to it), any individual qualifiers ( and ) are automatically promoted to overall qualifiers. An example where this occurs is : which appears as The qualifier was automatically "promoted" to (i.e. converted into), causing it to appear outside (before) the preceding with.
 * 1)  to meet
 * 1)  to meet

Another example where is needed is the following definition of the Portuguese verb : This verb comes in several syntactic constructions: (a) non-reflexive, with a direct object; (b) reflexive or non-reflexive, with the object preceded by ; (c) reflexive or non-reflexive, with followed by an infinitive verb. The intransitive (non-reflexive) construction with appears the most common. This is expressed using a combination of qualifiers and alternants.
 * 1)  to do without; to dispense with
 * 1)  to do without; to dispense with

Arbitrary text can appear inside of qualifiers (as well as glosses and other inline modifiers surrounded by angle brackets). An example with : which appears as Here, a template call to m appears inside of angle brackets. This produces HTML that itself contains angle brackets, but this is parsed correctly because the parser ignores balanced angle brackets inside the inline modifier.
 * 1)   to come knocking
 * 1)   to come knocking

Labels
Labels, as in lb, can be attached to any argument, just like qualifiers. The inline modifiers (for left labels) and  (for right labels) work parallel to left and right qualifiers. An example of such a label modifier in action is with : which appears as Here, the verb has different syntax in Brazil and Portugal, and the labels auto-link to the appropriate Wikipedia article on the two dialects.
 * 1)   to be;
 * 1)   to be;

A similar example is with : which appears as This uses the double angle-bracket syntax described in Template:label.
 * 1)  to abdicate
 * 1)  to abdicate

Another complex example follows, for : which appears as
 * 1)  to defeat by a given score
 * 1)  to defeat by a given score

The distinction between individual and overall labels exists, exactly as for qualifiers, along with corresponding inline modifiers and  and corresponding "promotion" behavior for arguments not part of an alternant set.

Arguments inside of parentheses
The governance spec given in parentheses after a literal word (preposition, conjunction, or the like), which indicates the syntactic properties of the phrase or clause governed by the literal word, can be anything that goes in a single argument; it is processed recursively when parsing and formatting. Some examples were provided above where alternants can be given to indicate that a preposition can take a noun in more than one case, e.g., and where multiple inflection tags separated by are given, e.g. . A more complex example of this occurs with  in its impersonal meaning "to be possible": which appears as Another example with a somewhat complex argument inside parentheses occurs with in its meaning "to know that ...": which appears as Another example with : which appears as Here, in this usage of the term, the postposition is usually accompanied by  or.
 * 1)  to be possible, can
 * 1)  to be possible, can
 * 1)   to be aware, to know
 * 1)   to be aware, to know
 * 1) to dance to someone's tune, to live and die by someone's word, to obey or follow every instruction from someone, to follow someone's guidance rather than taking independent decisions
 * 1) to dance to someone's tune, to live and die by someone's word, to obey or follow every instruction from someone, to follow someone's guidance rather than taking independent decisions

Another example with : which appears as
 * 1)  to appoint
 * 1)  to appoint

Another example with, which shows that nesting (in fact, arbitrary nesting) is possible inside of parens: which appears as The intent is that when means "to cause", the verb expressing the action that is caused can be expressed either using  followed by a nominalized verb or by, which can optionally be followed by a -infinitive clause, a clause headed by , or nothing.
 * 1)  to get, to cause
 * 1)  to get, to cause

Notes on inflection tags
Inflection tags were originally created for use in inflection of, which sometimes leads to mismatches between what is most convenient for the inflection tags used in inflection of and those used in +obj. Some things of note:
 * 1) The  tag refers to the . For a direct object, spell out  as a single tag or use its abbreviation.
 * 2) Likewise the  tag refers to the indirect case (see ). For an indirect object, spell out  as a single tag or use its abbreviation.
 * 3) The abbreviations  and  stand for  and, used as modifiers e.g. for participles in various Slavic languages. Spell out  and  to refer to these parts of speech.
 * 4) The tag  is an abbreviation for ; to get the word in, either use  or put it as part of a larger tag with embedded spaces.
 * 5) Shortcuts are provided for various types of clauses for use inside of parentheses to describe the part or speech governed by a given preposition or conjunction, e.g.  for an indicative clause,  for a subjunctive clause,  for a present-tense clause,  for a present subjunctive clause,  for a conditional clause, etc. See the documentation for inflection of under Template:inflection of for the full list.
 * 6) As a general rule, the part of speech aliases used in conjunction with the pos parameter to various templates (see Template:head) do not work here — and worse, actually have different meanings. For example,  means, not ;  and  refer to the  (found in Russian), not to prepositions; etc. It is best to spell out the parts of speech in full.

Examples

 * 1)  to trust, to place confidence in
 * 1)  to trust, to place confidence in


 * 1)  to bump (into something); to knock (against something)
 * 1)  to bump (into something); to knock (against something)


 * 1)  to get (into); to fall (into); to come (to); to fly (into)
 * 1)  to get (into); to fall (into); to come (to); to fly (into)


 * 1)  to thump, to hit hard
 * 1)  to thump, to hit hard


 * 1)  to care about, to pay attention to
 * 1)  to care about, to pay attention to


 * 1)  to direct, to point (e.g. a weapon)
 * 1)  to direct, to point (e.g. a weapon)


 * 1)  to be directed (of emotions, words, etc.)
 * 1)  to be directed (of emotions, words, etc.)


 * 1)  to look at; to watch
 * 1)  to look at; to watch


 * 1)  to be thankful, to express thanks
 * 1)  to be thankful, to express thanks


 * 1)  to start something; to begin something
 * 1)  to start something; to begin something


 * 1)  to be touched by; to care much about; to have oneself be impressed by; to feel responsible for
 * 1)  to be touched by; to care much about; to have oneself be impressed by; to feel responsible for


 * 1)  to dress someone in
 * 1)  to dress someone in


 * 1)  to remember
 * 1)  to remember


 * 1)  to remind
 * 1)  to remind




 * 1) to be similar in respect to a certain trait
 * 1) to be similar in respect to a certain trait


 * 1) to hit, whack
 * 1) to hit, whack


 * 1)  to put on; to dress oneself in
 * 1)  to put on; to dress oneself in


 * 1)  to save, to rescue
 * 1)  to save, to rescue


 * 1)  to get, to cause (someone to do something)
 * 1)  to get, to cause (someone to do something)


 * 1) to feel like, to be in the mood for
 * 1) to feel like, to be in the mood for


 * 1)  to enter, to pass into (a different medium, phase of life, etc.)
 * 1)  to enter, to pass into (a different medium, phase of life, etc.)


 * 1)  to cause someone to do something, to impel
 * 1)  to cause someone to do something, to impel


 * 1)  to long
 * 1)  to long


 * 1)  to get cracking, to get a move on, to get down ;  come on, let's go
 * 1)  to get cracking, to get a move on, to get down ;  come on, let's go


 * 1)  to apply submit oneself as a candidate
 * 1)  to apply submit oneself as a candidate


 * 1)  to be going; to be alright
 * 1)  to be going; to be alright


 * 1)  to be engrossed in; to be obsessed with; to be  addicted to
 * 1)  to be engrossed in; to be obsessed with; to be  addicted to


 * 1)  to bother; to pester
 * 1)  to bother; to pester


 * 1) to obtain
 * 1) to obtain


 * 1)  to pass the buck, to give the blame to someone
 * 1)  to pass the buck, to give the blame to someone


 * 1) to be
 * 1) to be




 * 1)  to be notable
 * 1)  to be notable


 * 1) to go against, attack, invade
 * 1) to go against, attack, invade


 * 1) to translate
 * 1) to translate


 * 1) to make fall, to take down, to blow into
 * 1) to make fall, to take down, to blow into


 * 1)  to burn ; to feel an intense emotion
 * 1)  to burn ; to feel an intense emotion


 * 1)  to ask for, crave, demand, beg
 * 1)  to ask for, crave, demand, beg


 * 1)  to prefer
 * 1)  to prefer


 * 1)  to do  without being noticed
 * 1)  to do  without being noticed


 * 1) to desire, be eager or anxious
 * 1) to desire, be eager or anxious


 * 1)  to know that
 * 1)  to know that


 * 1)  to know that
 * 1)  to know that


 * 1) to know that
 * 1) to know that


 * 1) to try
 * 1) to try


 * 1) to make war, be at war, fight, quarrel
 * 1) to make war, be at war, fight, quarrel


 * 1) to strike
 * 1) to strike


 * 1) to divert, to regale, to delight
 * 1) to divert, to regale, to delight


 * 1)  to be grieved, displeased, vexed, annoyed, angry, or discontented, to show outward signs of grief
 * 1)  to be grieved, displeased, vexed, annoyed, angry, or discontented, to show outward signs of grief


 * 1)  To be vexed at or with, to be angry at
 * 1)  To be vexed at or with, to be angry at


 * 1) to take away
 * 1) to take away


 * 1) to free someone
 * 1) to free someone


 * 1)  assign to, destine
 * 1)  assign to, destine




 * 1)  to miss, long for
 * 1)  to miss, long for


 * 1) let's
 * 1) let's


 * 1)  to cut to incise
 * 1)  to cut to incise


 * 1)  to catch, to contract, to be infected with
 * 1)  to catch, to contract, to be infected with


 * 1)  I perceive, apprehend, notice
 * 1)  I perceive, apprehend, notice


 * 1)  To beg
 * 1)  To beg


 * 1) to intend
 * 1) to intend


 * 1)  to hear, listen to
 * 1)  to hear, listen to


 * 1) To decide or judge
 * 1) To decide or judge


 * 1)  To call to mind, remember
 * 1)  To call to mind, remember


 * 1) to keep doing, to do constantly, to persist in, to remain
 * 1) to keep doing, to do constantly, to persist in, to remain


 * 1) without, except
 * 1) without, except


 * 1)  To be vexed
 * 1)  To be vexed


 * 1)  to follow, go after, go with
 * 1)  to follow, go after, go with


 * 1)  to exchange
 * 1)  to exchange


 * 1)  to give in exchange
 * 1)  to give in exchange


 * 1)  hating, hostile
 * 1)  hating, hostile


 * 1)  To look a certain way
 * 1)  To look a certain way


 * 1) to discuss, engage in talks
 * 1) to discuss, engage in talks


 * 1) to tie
 * 1) to tie


 * 1) to feel insulted, to get offended
 * 1) to feel insulted, to get offended


 * 1) to be sparing with, to be stingy with, to skimp, to scrimp
 * 1) to be sparing with, to be stingy with, to skimp, to scrimp


 * 1) to signal, to indicate
 * 1) to signal, to indicate


 * 1) to discuss
 * 1) to discuss


 * 1)  to point, to indicate, to show
 * 1)  to point, to indicate, to show


 * 1)  to wait, to await
 * 1)  to wait, to await


 * 1)  to turn
 * 1)  to turn


 * 1)  to turn
 * 1)  to turn


 * 1) chance, occasion, opportunity
 * 1) chance, occasion, opportunity


 * 1)  to suffice, to be enough, to do
 * 1)  to suffice, to be enough, to do


 * 1) regarding, in connection with, about
 * 1) regarding, in connection with, about


 * 1) to notice
 * 1) to notice