Template:la-ndecl/documentation

This template creates a declension table for all types of Latin nouns (including multiword nouns). It replaces the 40+ templates that used to exist.

Basic usage
The basic usage involves specifying the lemma and the declension class ( through  ), e.g.:



Note that the various declension subclasses are generally autodetected. For example, the fact that is a second-declension neuter, that  is plurale tantum, and that  is a third-declension neuter pure i-stem with stem animāl- are all autodetected based on the respective endings.

In some cases, more information needs to be given, either the stem (if not deducible from the lemma form), the subtype(s), or both, e.g.:


 * : (otherwise the stem is wrongly autodetected as rēc-)
 * : (otherwise the noun is wrongly declined as a non-i-stem)
 * : (otherwise the noun is wrongly declined as a masculine non-i-stem with a stem cōr-; compare masculine non-i-stem, stem amōr-)

Parameters
The following parameters are allowed:
 * 1: Lemma with macrons, along with a code indicating the declension and subtype(s) (see below) and optionally the stem, if it cannot be determined from the lemma.
 * num: Number restriction, if not specified as a subtype.
 * title: Override the automatically-generated title.
 * footnote: Provide a note to be displayed below the table.

The most general form for parameter 1 is. However, many parts are optional, and the minimal form  (where the stem and subtypes are autodetected) is the most common form.

The  specified should be the actual lemma with any appropriate macrons added. This applies even if the lemma is plurale tantum (plural-only), in which case the plural lemma should be supplied. There are only rare cases when the specified lemma differs from the lemma as given in the pagename; an example is, which has no nominative singular and for which a fabricated nominative singular vix should be given as the value of. (In such a case, use the lemma parameter of to specify the actual lemma.)

The  and preceding slash are normally unnecessary, as the stem is automatically deduced from the lemma. However, for some declension-2 and declension-3 nouns, the automatically deduced stem is incorrect, and the stem must explicitly be given. The auto-deduction rules are explained below. Note that for plurale tantum nouns, the stem never needs to be given as it can always be deduced from the lemma.

The declension code is mandatory and should be one of,  ,  ,  ,  ,   (i.e. noun has only nominative and accusative singular) or.

The subtypes are often unnecessary as they can be deduced from the form of the lemma in relation to the declension. The most common subtypes that may need to be specified are as follows:


 * : For a singulare tantum (singular-only) noun.
 * : For a plurale tantum (plural-only) noun. As mentioned above, the lemma should be given in the plural form. For declensions 1, 2 and 4, this is unnecessary, as the fact that the lemma is plurale tantum will be autodetected.
 * : For a regular noun declined in both singular and plural. This should be specified for proper nouns, which default to being singulare tantum (singular-only).
 * : Lemma has a distinct locative form. This should be specified for the names of cities and small islands, and for any other nouns with a locative.
 * : Lemma is neuter. Usually this is autodetected, but it needs to be specified for declension-2 nouns in -us, and sometimes it needs to be specified for declension-3 nouns. Specifically, second-declension nouns in -um and -a are autodetected as neuter, as are third-declension nouns in -us/-or, -us/-er, -men/-min, -ma/-mat, -e/, -al/-āl and -ar/-ār, and plurale tantum third-declension nouns in -a and -ia. Third-declension nouns in -e/, -al/-āl, -ar/-ār and plurale tantum -ia are also autodetected as pure i-stems; see below. To turn off this autodetection, specify any of  (if the lemma is masculine),   (if the lemma is feminine), or  . This would be used, for example, with, which is masculine. Note that the autodetection as neuter depends on both the nominative singular ending and stem ending being of a certain form. For example, tempus/tempor- and exemplar/exemplār- are autodetected as neuter, but dasypus/dasypod- and hēpar/hēpat- are not.
 * : For declension-3 nouns, lemma is an i-stem. Third-declension lemmas ending in -is/ and (for common nouns only) -ēs/ are autodetected as i-stems. (As for neuter autodetection above, both the nominative singular and stem must be the right form for i-stem autodetection to happen. Hence, follis/foll- will be autodetected as i-stem, but lapis/lapid- will not.) As mentioned above, third-declension lemmas in -e/, -al/āl, -ar/-ār and plurale tantum -ia are also autodetected as pure neuter i-stems. To turn off this autodetection, specify . This is used, for example, with  and, which have the nominative singular and stem of an i-stem but are not i-stems.
 * : For declension-3 neuter i-stems, lemma is a "pure" i-stem, i.e. with ablative singular in -ī, nominative/accusative/vocative plural in -ia and genitive plural in -ium. As noted above, third-declension lemmas in -e/, -al/-āl and -ar/-ār are autodetected as pure neuter i-stems. To disable this autodetection, specify any of  (if the lemma is masculine),   (if the lemma is feminine), ,   or  ; in this case, the lemma will be detected as a plain, non-neuter third-declension noun. For pure neuter i-stems not of one of the autodetected forms (e.g.  or ), use the code.
 * : For declension-3 nouns, lemma is declined like (optional accusative singular in -im, optional accusative plural in -īs).
 * : For declension-3 nouns, lemma is declined like (optional accusative singular in -im, optional ablative singular in -ī, optional accusative plural in -īs).
 * : Lemma has a Greek-style declension. First-declension lemmas in -ē, -ās, -ēs, and -ām are autodetected as Greek (each with their own autodetected subtype; see below). Second-declension lemmas in -os and -on are likewise autodetected as Greek (again, each with their own autodetected subtype). For third-declension lemmas, the  needs to be given explicitly, but the subtypes for nouns in -ēr, -ōn, -is and -s will be autodetected, and nouns with any other ending (as well as nouns where ,  ,   (for i-stem nouns in -is) or  , as appropriate, is given) will be treated as "generic" Greek-type nouns.

As mentioned above, a subtype preceded by a hyphen cancels an autodetected subtype; for example, is used with, which is not an i-stem despite its appearance. In addition, the gender subtypes  and   cancel the   subtype and vice-versa, and the number subtype   cancels the   subtype and vice-versa. If multiple subtypes are autodetected based on a given ending, canceling any one of the subtypes cancels the entire autodetection rule. For example, third-declension nouns of the form -e/, such as mare/mar-, are normally autodetected as pure neuter i-stem, i.e. the three subtypes,   and. Canceling any one of them is enough to cancel the entire rule; in this case, no subtypes will be autodetected and the noun will be declined as non-neuter, non-i-stem.

Furthermore, the gender subtype  overrides, but does not cancel, the subtype , and vice-versa; similarly for the subtypes   and. To illustrate the difference between canceling and overridding, consider a second-declension noun in -os. By default, this is autodetected as both  and  ; specifying the subtype   would override the gender but keep the rule, resulting in the subtypes   and , while specifying the subtype   would cancel the rule (in which case an error would result).

Note that the subtypes that are autodetected for plurale tantum nouns are different from those autodetected for nouns where the lemma is in the singular form. For example, all third-declension non-neuter plurale tantum i-stem nouns must explicitly specify  (along with , as mentioned above), because the lemma ending -ēs is the same for i-stem and non-i-stem nouns. This does not apply to neuter plurale tantum i-stem nouns, where the i-stem ending -ia is distinct from the non-i-stem ending -a and thus the i-stem subtype can be autodetected.

Autodetection of the stem
In most cases, the stem can be derived simply by removing the nominative singular ending, but for third-declension nouns, and second-declension nouns in -r, this is often not the case. For these, there are special rules to determine the stem from the nominative singular, but in some cases they produce the wrong result, in which case the stem must be given explicitly.

Stem for 2nd-declension nouns in -r
For second-declension nouns in -r, the stem is assumed to be the same as the lemma. If this is not the case, specify the stem explicitly, e.g.:

Stem for 3rd-declension nouns
For third-declension nouns, the default stem is derived based on the nominative-singular ending, according to the following table. Earlier-listed endings take precedence over later-listed endings. For example, nouns in -tūdō will be given a default stem in -tūdin, but other nouns in -ō will be given a default stem in -ōn.

First-declension noun autodetected subtypes
The following rules apply in order:

Second-declension noun autodetected subtypes
The following rules apply in order:

Third-declension noun autodetected subtypes
The following rules determine the autodetected subtypes. Note that normally, both nominative-singular and stem must match the rule. For example, the rule that autodetects pure neuter i-stems in -ar/-ār will apply only if the nominative singular ends in -ar and the stem ends in -ār with the same base as the nominative singular. Hence, a lemma specified as either exemplar (because of the default stem rules above) or exemplar/exemplār would be autodetected as pure neuter i-stem, but a lemma specified as hēpar/hēpat would not; nor would lemmas specified as hēpar/hēppār or hēpar/hepār, because the base of the nominative singular does not match the base of the stem.

Third-declension noun i-stem subtypes
Many third-declension masculine/feminine i-stem nouns have alternative or mandatory accusative singular in -im and/or alternative or mandatory ablative singular in -ī. There are special subtypes for this; the use of any of them automatically determines the noun as i-stem.

First-declension nouns

 * (masculine but has same declension as a feminine noun, so the gender doesn't explicitly need to be given):
 * (plurale tantum; autodetected from -ae ending):
 * (singulare tantum):
 * (feminine Greek-type in -ē; autodetected):
 * (masculine Greek-type in -ēs; autodetected):
 * (masculine Greek-type in -ās; autodetected):
 * (masculine Greek-type in -ās; autodetected):

Second-declension nouns

 * (plurale tantum; autodetected from -ī ending):
 * (subtype in -er, stem same as nominative singular):
 * : (subtype in -er, stem in -r, which needs to be given):
 * (neuter; autodetected from -um ending):
 * (plurale tantum; autodetected from -a ending):
 * (ius subtype, i.e. genitive can be either ferrāriī or ferrārī; autodetected):
 * (non-ius subtype because it's a Medieval coinage, so subtype needs to be canceled):
 * (ius subtype, plurale tantum; autodetected):
 * (ium subtype, i.e. genitive can be either audītōriī or audītōrī; autodetected):
 * (non-ium subtype because it's a modern coinage, so subtype needs to be canceled):
 * (ium subtype, plurale tantum; autodetected):
 * (neuter in -us; neuter gender needs to be given explicitly):
 * (masculine Greek-type in -os; autodetected):
 * (neuter Greek-type in -on; autodetected):
 * (neuter Greek-type in -on; autodetected):

Third-declension nouns

 * : (non-i-stem in -ōx -ōcis, predictable stem):
 * : (non-i-stem in -ēx -ēgis, unpredictable stem, hence must be specified):
 * (non-i-stem, plurale tantum; autodetected):
 * (parisyllabic i-stem in -is -is; i-stem autodetected):
 * (parisyllabic non-i-stem in -is -is; would be autodetected as i-stem, so i-stem subtype needs to be canceled):
 * (imparisyllabic non-i-stem in -is -idis, not autodetected as i-stem):
 * (unpredictable i-stem):
 * (neuter in -men):
 * (masculine in -men; would be autodetected as neuter, so masculine gender needs to be given explicitly):
 * (neuter in -us -oris, predictable stem):
 * (neuter in -us -eris, unpredictable stem but still autodetected as neuter):
 * (masculine in -us -oris; would be autodetected as neuter, so masculine gender needs to be given explicitly):
 * (masculine in -us -odis; stem not in -er or -or, hence not autodetected as neuter):
 * (pure i-stem neuter in -e, i.e. ablative singular in -ī, genitive plural in -ium; autodetected):
 * (plurale tantum, pure i-stem neuter in -ia; autodetected):
 * (pure i-stem neuter in -al -ālis; autodetected):
 * (not a pure i-stem neuter; ends in -āl, not -al):
 * (pure i-stem neuter in -ar -āris; autodetected):
 * (-ar -atis not -ar -āris, hence not autodetected as pure i-stem neuter, but defaults to non-neuter non-i-stem, so we must specify neuter):
 * (not a pure i-stem neuter; ends in -ār, not -ar):
 * (unpredictable neuter; would be autodetected as non-neuter, so neuter gender needs to be given explicitly):
 * (unpredictable neuter i-stem; would be autodetected as non-neuter non-i-stem):
 * (i-stem, has ablative singular in -e or -ī):
 * (i-stem, has accusative singular in -im or occasionally -em, has ablative singular in -ī or -e):
 * (Greek-type in -s):
 * (Greek-type in -ēr):

Fourth-declension nouns

 * (plurale tantum; autodetected):
 * (neuter in -ū; autodetected):
 * (Greek-type):
 * (Greek-type):

Fifth-declension nouns

 * (subtype in -iēs; autodetected):
 * (subtype in -iēs; autodetected):

Special

 * Adding  will turn Ae, ae, Oe and oe to Æ, æ, Œ and œ.
 * Irregular nouns currently having a set declension are:
 * bos
 * cherub
 * deus/Deus
 * domus
 * Iesus/Jesus
 * iugerum/jugerum
 * sus
 * ethos
 * Athos
 * lexis
 * venum
 * vis