Template:ru-noun-table/documentation

This is the new template for creating a Russian noun declension table.

Parameters

 * 1
 * Stress pattern, one of . See Appendix:Russian stress patterns. It can be omitted; to do so, leave out the argument entirely (i.e. shift all the remaining arguments down one). If omitted, defaults to   if the lemma stress is on the stem,   if the lemma stress is on the ending or if an explicitly specified declension is accented. (Also defaults to   in   and   nouns and   adjectival nouns, and defaults to   in stressed   nouns.)


 * 2
 * Lemma with appropriately placed accent(s); i.e. the nominative singular, or the nominative plural if the noun is a plurale tantum. However, if an explicit declension is specified, this should be just the stem (in this case, the declension usually looks like an ending, and the stem is the portion of the lemma minus the ending). In the first argument set (i.e. first set of arguments separated by ), defaults to page name; in later sets, defaults to lemma of previous set. A plural form can be given, and causes argument n= to default to n=p (plurale tantum). Normally, an accent is required if multisyllabic, and unaccented monosyllables will automatically be stressed; prefix with   to override both behaviors. See section below on auto-accenting. May be followed by   and a manual transliteration; see section below.


 * 3
 * Declension modifiers; see below. This contains any extra information needed to properly decline the noun.


 * 4
 * Specify a special plural stem; defaults to the stem of the lemma. This is only needed for a few nouns whose plural is based off of a different stem, e.g. with nominative plural ;  with nominative plural ; or  with nominative plural . It is not needed if only the endings are irregular, nor if the only difference between singular and plural stems is a ё in place of an unstressed е in the lemma, as with  with nominative plural . Normally, the plural stem needs a stress mark if multisyllabic, as with the lemma. May be followed by   and a manual transliteration; see section below.


 * n
 * Number restriction:  for singular-only,   for plural-only,   for both. Defaults to both unless the lemma is plural, in which case it defaults to plural-only. (Only the first letter matters in the values for this argument, so for example   and   are alternatives to  .)


 * a
 * Animacy:  for animate,   for inanimate,   or   for bianimate (listing animate first when used by ),   for bianimate (listing inanimate first when used by ); defaults to inanimate. (You can also use   or   for animate,   or   for inanimate,   or   for bianimate with animate listed first.)


 * title
 * Override the table title.


 * nom_sg, gen_sg, dat_sg, acc_sg, ins_sg, pre_sg, nom_pl, gen_pl, dat_pl, acc_pl, ins_pl, pre_pl, par, loc, pauc, voc
 * Override one or more declensional forms (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional, partitive, locative, vocative; singular, plural). Alternatives may be separated by commas. You can include one or more  characters anywhere in the override, which will replaced by the singular or plural stem, appropriately; or you can use   in par or loc, and if it is at the beginning of a word it will be replaced by the "expected" form for these cases (same as dative singular for the partitive, stress-shifted dative singular for the locative). Overridden forms, including comma-separated alternatives, will automatically be linked. Certain trailing symbols are recognized automatically; they will be superscripted and do not interfere with linking. See section below on usage notes. In more complex cases (e.g. with parens around a word), you should manually put brackets around a word to link it (stress marks in such words are handled correctly). Normally, multisyllabic words in overrides need a stress mark, as with the lemma. May be followed by   and a manual transliteration; see section below.


 * suffix
 * Add a suffix such as ся to all forms. This is useful in cases like, where the part before -ся needs to be declined. May be followed by  and a manual transliteration; see section below.


 * prefix
 * Add a prefix to all forms. Present for completeness but less useful than suffix because the prefix can simply be included in the lemma. May be followed by  and a manual transliteration; see section below.

Footnote symbols
A system is in place for inserting usage notes into declension tables, in the form of footnotes. Footnote symbols attached to the end of a manual override are recognized automatically; they are automatically superscripted and do not interfere with linking. Examples of such symbols are,  ,   and various other ASCII symbols; numbers;  , which is automatically converted to a space; and most Unicode symbols ( ,  ,  ,  ,  , etc.). You can also insert these symbols using parameters such as pltail. The usage note itself is inserted using notes.


 * notes
 * Usage note(s) to insert into the table. Footnote symbols at the beginning of the note are automatically superscripted.


 * pltail
 * Specify text to append directly to the end of plural entries with more than one form (except those with explicit overrides). Normally used to add a footnote symbol to those entries, to add a usage note to alternate plural forms.


 * sgtail
 * Same but for singular entries.


 * pltailall
 * Like pltail but appends to all plural entries (except those with explicit overrides). Normally used to add a footnote symbol, in order to add a usage note about the plural forms.


 * sgtailall
 * Same but for singular entries.


 * CASE_NUM_tail
 * Append a footnote symbol to the last form for a particular case/number combination. Note that this differs from sgtail and pltail in that it will be appended even if there's only one form. The possible values of CASE_NUM are the same as for overrides.


 * CASE_NUM_tailall
 * Same but append to all forms, as with pltailall and sgtailall.

Conjectural/disused forms
A system is in place for marking particular forms as conjectural or disused; these are forms that are described in Russian grammar books (such as those of A.A. Zaliznyak) as, literally "difficult" or "awkward". Forms are marked as such either by putting a  at the beginning of a word in a manual override or using parameters such as y to mark all plural forms as conjectural/disused (  in the parameter name = "hypothetical"). These  parameters are exactly parallel to the   parameters above. The most useful such parameters are y as described previously, and y to mark all forms of a given case/number combination as conjectural/disused.

Declension modifiers
The third parameter consists of any additional modifiers needed to properly decline the noun. There are several different modifiers. If you need to specify more than one modifier, just jam them all together without any spaces between and in any order. The following modifiers are the most common:

Gender
The gender spec indicates the gender of the noun. Normally, this can be omitted and is autodetected from the ending of the noun. However, it is required in some cases, e.g. with lemmas ending in -ь. If present, it should be one of  (masculine),   (feminine),   (neuter) or   (third-declension feminine; see below). The gender is required in the following cases: In other cases, the gender is ignored.
 * 1) if the lemma ends in -ь;
 * 2) in regular (not adjectival) nouns, if the lemma is plural;
 * 3) for masculine animate nouns with the neuter ending -о in the nominative singular (e.g., );
 * 4) in  whenever the actual gender disagrees with the normal gender of the nominative singular ending (e.g. ).

is the same as  but in the case of a plural lemma in -и, it causes a third-declension feminine with singular in -ь to be detected rather than a first-declension feminine with singular in -а or -я (used e.g. for  and ).

Reducibility
The spec  indicates that the noun is "reducible". A reducible noun has an alternation between a е, ё or о before the last stem consonant in some forms, and no such vowel in other forms. Such nouns are of two types: Note that when the vowel disappears, sometimes a ь or й appears in its place, e.g. (genitive singular ),  (genitive singular ), or other changes happen, e.g.  (genitive singular ). When a vowel appears, sometimes it's е, sometimes ё and sometimes о, and sometimes a ь disappears. It turns out that all these changes are predictable, and are automatically handled by the module.
 * 1) Nouns where the extra vowel appears in the nominative singular but not in other forms. These are either masculine nouns ending in a consonant, or masculine or feminine nouns ending in -ь. An example of the former is  (genitive singular, nominative plural ). Examples of the latter are masculine  (genitive singular , masculine  (genitive singular ), feminine  (genitive singular ), and feminine  (genitive singular ).
 * 2) Nouns where the extra vowel appears in the genitive plural but not in other forms. These are feminine or neuter nouns ending in a vowel. Examples are feminine  (genitive plural ), neuter  (genitive plural ).

Adjectival nouns
These are nouns that are declined as if they were an adjective. Examples are masculine (genitive singular ), feminine  (genitive singular ), neuter  (genitive singular ) and plural-only  (genitive plural ). To indicate this, use the code.

Nouns with alternation between е and ё
Some nouns have an alternation between unstressed е and stressed ё. If the ё appears in the lemma, the module will automatically convert it to е when it becomes unstressed, e.g. (genitive singular ). But sometimes the е appears in the lemma, and ё appears in other forms. In this case, use  to indicate this alternation. An example is (nominative plural ).

Anomalous plural endings
Use  to indicate a particular sort of anomalous nominative plural ending where masculine nouns take the neuter plural -а or -я instead of expected -ы or -и, and neuter nouns take the masculine plural -ы or -и instead of expected -а or -я.

Use  to indicate a particular sort of anomalous genitive plural ending where masculine nouns take the feminine/neuter null ending (which may manifest as no written ending or as -ь or -й) instead of expected -ов/-ев/-ёв, while neuter nouns take the masculine ending -ов/-ев/-ёв instead of the expected null ending, and feminine hard-stem nouns take the soft-stem ending -ей/-ёй instead of the expected null ending. When the variant code  is given (see below), the code   indicates a feminine-style genitive plural ending of -ей instead of masculine -ьев/-ьёв. An example of this is, with nominative plural (hence it needs variant code  ) and genitive plural  (hence it needs code  ). Since this noun ends in -ь, it also needs the gender code ; the full spec is written , with the three codes jammed together (other orders are possible for the codes).

Older stuff to be cleaned up
One of the following for regular nouns:
 * 1) (blank)
 * 2) GENDER
 * 3)  VARIANT
 * 4) GENDER VARIANT
 * 5) DECLTYPE
 * 6) DECLTYPE/DECLTYPE
 * 7) You can also append one or more of the special-case markers ,  ,   or   to any of the above.
 * 1) You can also append one or more of the special-case markers ,  ,   or   to any of the above.

For adjectival nouns, one of the following:
 * ,  or
 * 1)  DECLTYPE
 * ,  or
 * 1)  DECLTYPE

VARIANT specifies declension variants that override the normal declension in various ways: See also special cases  and   for specifying other types of plural variants.
 * 1) The   variant overrides the normal declension with the special plural declension with nominative plural -ья.
 * 2) The   variant is for animate masculines ending in -ин with nominative plural in -е. Most such nouns end in -анин or -янин, and these are autodetected, but other nouns in this declension such as  need an explicit variant annotation.
 * 3) The   variant is for inanimate diminutive masculines (not neuters) ending in -шко (usually -ишко), with colloquial feminine forms in some of the singular cases, e.g. . Special case   must be specified along with this variant.
 * 4) The   variant is for animate augmentative masculines (not neuters) ending in -ище, with colloquial feminine forms in some of the singular cases, e.g. . Special case   must be specified along with this variant.

DECLTYPE is an explicit declension type. Normally you shouldn't use this, and should instead let the declension type be autodetected based on the ending. See the table below for the list of declension types (which normally have the form of the nominative singular ending). When an explicit declension type is provided, the lemma field should be just the stem, without the ending.

For adjectival nouns, you should normally supply just  and let the ending determine the declension; supply   in the case of a possessive adjectival noun in -ий, which has an extra -ь- in most endings compared with normal adjectival nouns in -ий, but which can't be distinguished based on the nominative singular. You can also supply,   or  , which constrains the declension appropriately but still autodetects the gender-specific and stress-specific variant. If you do supply a specific declension type, as with regular nouns you need to omit the ending from the lemma field and supply just the stem. Possibilities are,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,   or   (masc),  ,   or  ,  ,   or  , and similar for   and   (except there aren't any stressed mixed declensions).

The DECLTYPE/DECLTYPE form is used for nouns with one declension in the singular and a different one in the plural (termed mixed declensions or slash declensions). This is intended for variations that  and special cases   and   below don't cover, e.g.   to decline the singular with class   and the plural with class   (as for ). There is no autodetection of mixed declensions, and thus the lemma field needs to contain the bare stem. See examples below.

Special-case markers:
 * for Zaliznyak-style alternate nominative plural ending: -а or -я for masculine, -и or -ы for neuter
 * for Zaliznyak-style alternate genitive plural ending: none/-ь/-й for masculine, -ей for feminine, -ов/-ёв/-ев for neuter, -ей for declensional variant
 * for reducibles (nom sg or gen pl has an extra vowel before the final consonant as compared with the stem found in other cases)
 * for Zaliznyak-style alternation between last е in stem and ё

Declension classes
"Class" is the form used with the modern-style tables, while "old class" is used with old-style/pre-reform tables (1). Note that explicit declension classes aren't normally required, as the declension can usually be autodetected.

Auto-accenting and required accents
Multisyllabic words in arguments (lemma, plural stem, overrides) normally need a stress mark in them (as in а́, ы́, ё or ѣ̈) to indicate the position of the stress; an error will occur otherwise. In multiword overrides, each multisyllabic word needs an accent. Accents are not required on monosyllabic words, which will automatically be stressed on their only vowel. You can override both accent errors and auto-accenting by prefixing the lemma with. (Don't use this prefix on other arguments. If present on the lemma, it applies to all arguments.) This is useful when a word has no stress (e.g. unstressed suffixes) or when the stress is unknown.

As an exception, accents are not required when the accent pattern calls for ending stress (patterns,  ,   and variants in the singular, and patterns  ,   and variants in the plural).

Multisyllabic stems automatically receive stress in certain circumstances:
 * 1) Patterns   and   and variants have ending stress in the singular (and thus normally in the lemma), but call for stem stress in the plural. Unless the lemma specifically includes a stress on the stem, it is placed according to rule: stem-final stress in pattern   and variants, stem-initial stress in pattern   and variants. Hence,  (pattern  ) gets plural сапо́жки, while  (pattern  ) gets plural го́ловы.
 * 2) If the accent pattern calls for ending stress in the genitive plural but the genitive plural has a null or non-syllabic ending, the last syllable of the stem is stressed -- regardless of the stem stress in other forms. Hence  (pattern  ) has nominative plural го́ловы but genitive plural голо́в. To override this, use an explicit gen_pl (or 4) parameter, e.g. in  (pattern  ) with genitive plural ки́рок or  (pattern  ) with genitive plural де́нег.

Manual transliteration
All parameters that accept Russian text can be followed by  and a manual transliteration. Transformations of the Russian text (e.g. reducing, dereducing, moving the stress) will appropriately be applied to the manual transliteration as well. Certain rules need to be respected concerning the manual transliteration, and will trigger errors if not. For example, the manual transliteration needs to have the same number of syllables as the Russian, and the manual transliteration of the lemma needs to have the same declensional ending (e.g. -а, -я, -о, -е, -ь), or rather its transliteration.

Multiple sets of arguments, multiple words
Multiple sets of arguments can be specified by separating them with an argument consisting solely of the word. See the examples below.

You can also specify the declension of multi-word expressions such as, , , , etc.

Multi-word nouns are specified by putting an underscore between words separated by spaces, or a hyphen  between words separated by hyphens, or a joiner expression  between words separated by arbitrary text.

The individual words appearing as lemma arguments can have links placed in them. This causes those individual words to link to the corresponding Wiktionary lemma page when appearing in the declension title (but not elsewhere in the declension table), and in the headword when used in conjunction with. This is recommended especially for and probably for  too. The links can be simple links, even in the presence of accents. For example, you can write  to generate the declension of, and e.g. the link   will automatically be converted to a link that displays пау́к but links to the page named паук (with the accent removed); it is as if you wrote. See the examples for more information.

The named parameters above generally have per-word equivalents that let you control the value for individual words independently of the others. They are named the same as the overall parameters but have a number suffixed to them:  for the first word,   for the second word, etc.


 * a1, a2, etc.
 * Specify the animacy of an individual word. Default value for each word is the overall animacy specified by a. Primarily useful in case of expressions that mix animate and inanimate words.


 * n1, n2, etc.
 * Specify the number of an individual word. Default value for each word is the overall number specified by n. Primarily useful in case of expressions that mix singular and plural words, such as . Note that if any word is specified using a plural lemma, the overall number defaults to plural.


 * nom_sg1, nom_sg2, ...; gen_sg1, gen_sg2, ...; etc.
 * Specify an override for a particular word rather than for the entire expression.


 * pltail1, pltail2, ...; pltailall1, pltailall2, ...; etc.
 * Specify a footnote symbol to attach to the end of a particular word rather than the entire expression. Generally this is not a good idea, and these parameters may be removed in the future.


 * suffix1, suffix2, etc.
 * Specify a suffix such as ся to attach to the end of all forms of a particular word.


 * prefix1, prefix2, etc.
 * Specify a prefix to attach to the beginning of all forms of a particular word. Present for completeness, but not especially useful; see discussion under prefix above.

Example 1: A basic noun
The noun belongs to accent pattern   (stem-stressed), which is the default, and hence does not need to be specified.

produces

Example 2: An ending-stressed noun
The noun belongs to accent pattern   (ending-stressed). This is automatically recognized because of the ending stress in the lemma. The accent shift onto the stem in the genitive plural жити́й is automatically handled.

produces

Example 3: A noun with complex accent shifts
The noun belongs to accent pattern   and has a complex pattern of accent shifts, with stress on the ending in singular голова́, on the first stem syllable in nominative plural го́ловы and on the second stem syllable in genitive plural голо́в. The accent pattern needs to be given explicitly but the accent shifts are automatically handled. In general the code is quite good about knowing how to automatically handle such cases.

produces

Example 4: An animate noun needing a declensional variant
The noun belongs to the declension class , with a singular suffix -ин that is missing in the plural and with nominative plural -е. These nouns are only autodetected if they end in -анин or -янин and are animate, to avoid many false positives. Other -ин nouns that follow this declension need an explicit declensional variant -ин. The noun is also animate, which needs to be noted.

produces

Example 5: A noun needing a gender hint
Nouns in -ь, e.g., need a gender hint  or  , because the two genders correspond to different declensions and this can't be autodetected.

produces

Example 6: A form needing an auto-accent override
Unstressed suffixes need to be prefixed with  to indicate that they are unstressed; otherwise multisyllabic unstressed suffixes will trigger an error and monosyllabic unstressed suffixes will be auto-accented.

produces

Example 7: A noun needing manual translit
produces

Example 1: An animate noun with a vocative case form
The noun has a special vocative де́во. This requires a case override;  can be used to stand for the stem де́в.

produces

Example 2: A singular-only noun with a locative case
The noun has a locative form пуху́. You can use the notation  to stand for the locative in the case override. Prepositions can optionally be supplied to indicate which prepositions can be used with the locative. The nouns is singular-only, which is indicated with sg. Because the noun is monosyllabic, an accent isn't needed and will automatically be supplied.

produces

Example 1: A reducible noun
The noun has the stem па́льц- in case forms other than the nominative singular. Such a noun is termed reducible. This is specified using the  code.

produces

Example 2: A reducible, plural-only (plurale tantum) noun
The noun is not feminine but neuter, and occurs only in the plural. With a plural-only noun like this, the gender needs to be specified; the fact that the lemma is plural will then be recognized and the noun made plural-only. This noun is also reducible but in the other direction from па́лец: an extra vowel appears in the genitive plural (we term this dereducible). This is again indicated with the  code.

produces

Example 3: An adjectival noun
The noun is an adjectival noun, i.e. a noun declined like an adjective, indicated with the code   (it is based on the present active participle of the verb ). It has a reflexive suffix -ся added onto all forms, which is indicated with ся.

produces

Example 1
is accent pattern  and has unpredictable ё in the plural stem озёрц- (dereducible genitive plural озёрец). One way to indicate that is to use the code, which indicates that the last -e- changes to -ё- when stressed.

produces

Another way is to distort the lemma by including the stressed form of the stem:

or

The module will automatically generate nominative singular озерцо́ from the stem озёрц-; it knows that accent pattern  calls for ending stress in the nominative singular and that the unstressed equivalent of озёрц- is озерц-. Note also that the alternation between unstressed -це and stressed -цо́ is normal in Russian; the module will accept forms both ways, and convert to the  declension internally.

Example 2
has complex stress alternation, as with above, but with the additional complication that ё appears in the genitive plural: nom sg железа́, nom pl же́лезы, gen pl желёз. The  code will take care of this.

produces

In this case, distorting the stem won't work; using же́леза results in incorrect gen pl желе́з, and using желёза results in incorrect nom pl желёзы.

Example 1: A noun with plural in irregular -а and partitive and locative case forms


produces

Example 2: A noun with irregularly stressed alternative nominative and genitive singular
The noun has irregularly stressed forms in technical usage. Includes a usage note to this effect.

produces

Example 3: A defective noun with a missing genitive plural
A defective noun with a missing genitive plural.

produces

Example 4: A noun with irregular plural stem and declensional variant -ья
A noun with irregularly-stressed plural stem пово́д-, irregular plural ending in -ья, and a locative case form.

produces

Example 5: An animate noun needing declensional variant -ище
The noun (an augmentative) needs the declensional variant   due to its declension, which includes alternative colloquial singular case forms with feminine endings. Nouns in this class are masculine, animate and special case  (i.e. they have the nominative plural in -и instead of -а), and at least the latter two properties must also be specified or an error occurs.

produces

Example 1: Multiple stress patterns
The noun has multiple stress patterns in the singular, except for the prepositional singular (as well as a locative case form). Implemented by placing it in two stress classes and overriding the prepositional singular. Note that when two forms from different stress patterns coincide, only one form is shown. The word is monosyllabic and doesn't need an accent mark, which will automatically be placed (but it wouldn't cause problems if the accent were added).

produces

Example 2: Multiple stems
, also stressed as :

produces

Example 3: Multiple plurals
has two plurals from different declension classes and different stress patterns: лоску́ты and лоскутья́.

produces

Example 4: Multiple plurals
also has two plurals: мальчо́нки (hard-consonant declension) and мальча́та ( declension).

produces

Note the use of  to explicitly indicate the hard-consonant declension; without this, the lemma would be autodetected as belonging to the   declension. Note also that in the second argument set, all arguments have been defaulted, with the lemma defaulting to the same as in the first argument set.

Example 5: Multiple plurals
has two plurals: сапо́жки (pattern ) and сапожки́ (pattern  ). They cannot be combined into a stress pattern  because the former also has irregular endingless genitive plural сапо́жек, indicated by code.

produces

Example 6: Mixed declensions
has three possible plurals depending on its meaning: a normal one in -а in the meaning "bend, generation, tribe"; an unusual one in -и (looking like the plural of masculine ь-m class) in the meaning "knee"; and one in -ья in the meaning "joint". These unusual plural can be expressed as a mixed declension:


 * (knee)
 * (bend, generation, tribe)
 * (joint)

produces

Example 7: Multiple stems and mixed declensions


produces

Note the use of a plural stem in the second set of plural forms, the use of the masculine-gender hint, the plural variant  for these forms, and the use of pltail to add an asterisk to these forms, with a note indicating that they are antiquated.

Example 8: Multiple stems and mixed declensions, with plural suppletion
is a particularly complex case. It follows the  declension (singular -ёнок, -ёнка; plural -я́та, -я́т), with two plurals, an expected secondary one ребя́та and an unexpected primary one де́ти with a completely different stem and declension. This form де́ти looks somewhat like the plural of an accent-class  or   noun of the   declension (masculine soft-stem), but with further irregularities. The secondary plural tends to have a different meaning. To indicate all this, we use a mixed declension with a special plural stem to handle the primary plural, overrides to handle the irregularities, and pltail with notes to indicate the different meaning of the secondary plural. We choose accent class  in the primary plural so that the singular ending -ёнок gets the stress.

produces

Example 1: An adjective-noun combination
For the noun :

produces

Note how both parts are declined appropriately.

Links can be placed around the individual words, and the words will appear linked in the declension table title. This is especially useful in, where the links will appear in the headword. For example, the above could be written as follows:

which produces

Note that the accent marks in the links will appear in the anchor text of the link but will be correctly stripped in the page linked to (since Wiktionary Russian-language page names don't have acute accents in them). Note also that знак as an argument by itself (not surrounded by a link) will be auto-accented since it's monosyllabic and not preceded by a  (which suppresses auto-accenting), but this doesn't (currently) happen with links; hence we've added the accent ourselves.

Example 2: A noun-noun combination separated by a hyphen
For the noun :

produces

Note that the animacy applies to the entire expression.

The linked version would be

which produces

Example 3: A noun with a genitive modifier
For the noun :

produces

Note the use of  to indicate indeclinable words. Formerly,  was necessary to indicate adjectival indeclinable words (i.e. words where final -го should be transliterated -vo), but this is now handled automatically.

The version with links would appear as follows:

which produces

Example 4: A noun with a prepositional phrase modifier
For the noun :

produces

Note the use of  at the beginning of для to suppress the stress mark that otherwise would automatically be added.

The linked version would be

which produces

Note that the  that suppresses auto-adding of the stress mark is technically not required since auto-adding stress doesn't currently happen inside links, but it's a good idea anyway because auto-stressing in links may be implemented in the future.

Example 5: A noun that combines singular and plural components (and requires manual translit)
For the noun :

produces

The whole expression is plural, as is the word Гренади́ны, but Сент-Ви́нсент is declined in the singular. This is specified using the per-word parameter s, specifying that the first word should be declined as singular. As in the previous example,  is prepended to и to suppress the automatic addition of a stress mark. Гренади́ны is masculine but uses the alternative no-ending genitive plural; hence the use of special case.

Example 6: A particularly long noun
For the noun :

produces

Note that there is no limit to the number of components in a noun.