User:Þórður Breiðfjörð/sandbox

=Íslenzk hljóð IPA=

Annað
Aðblástur: ʰ

Áherzla: '

Lengd: ː

=Fornmál=

Indó-evrópska
Sjá About_Proto-Indo-European

Obstruents:

Voiceless stops: p t ḱ k kʷ

Voiced stops: b d ǵ g gʷ (not ĝ)

Aspirated stops: bʰ dʰ ǵʰ gʰ gʷʰ (not bh, dh, g'h/ĝh, gh, gʷh etc.)

Fricatives: s h₁ h₂ h₃ (unknown laryngeal: H)

Sonorants:

Non-syllabic sonorants: y w l r m n (not i̯ u̯)

Syllabic sonorants: i u l̥ r̥ m̥ n̥

Vowels:

Short vowels: e o a i u

Long vowels: ē ō ā ī ū

Diphthongs:

ey oy ew ow etc. (not ei oi eu ou)

Annað:

Accented short vowels: é ó á í ú

Accented long vowels: ḗ ṓ ā́ ī́ ū́

Accented syllabic sonorants: í ú ŕ̥ ĺ̥ ḿ̥ ń̥

Frumgermanska
Sjá About_Proto-Germanic

Obstruents: p t k kw b d g gw f þ h hw s z

Sonorants: l r m n j w

Short vowels: a e i u, nasal: ą į ų

Long vowels: ā ē ē₂ ī ō ū, nasal: į̄ ǭ

Overlong vowels: ê ô, nasal: ǫ̂

Forníslenzka
Stafirnir: Ǫ, ǫ, Ǭ, ǭ, Ø, ø, Œ og œ eru í „Character Map“.

U-hljóðvarp af á með broddi má fá fram með því að velja Ǫ eða ǫ og velja síðan broddinn í „Unicode Subrange“ („Combining Acute Accent“) og líma á eftir stöfunum.

Ǫ́  og ǫ́ .

Væntanlega eru indó-evrópsku stafirnir fengnir þannig að hluta til (hringur undir, broddur yfir samhljóðum, t.d. l̥, ḱ, jafnvel ḱ̥ ef menn vilja etc.) en háskrifað w (kʷ og gʷ) er enn leyndardómur. Hins vegar eru þetta tvö tákn, þannig að menn geta sleppt hugmyndafluginu lausu, t.d. rʷ, wʷ eða ǫ́'ʷ. Þetta verkar hins vegar ekki á hástafi, hæðin á ʷ er miðuð við lágstafi.

=Röðun í greinum= Orðið hundur má vera dæmi:

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1) a dog
 * Hundurinn dinglaði rófunni.
 * The dog wagged its tail.
 * Hundurinn lagði niður rófuna.
 * The dog put his tail between his legs.
 * Að siga hundi á einhvern.
 * To sick a dog on somebody.

Declension
Note: Athugasemdir koma hér.

Derived terms

 * eins og halaklipptur hundur
 * fara í hundana (go to the dogs)
 * fljúgandi hundur (running dog, wavepattern)
 * Litlihundur (Canis Minor)
 * hundur í einhverjum, það er hundur í einhverjum (someone is in a sulky mood)
 * rauðir hundar (German measles)
 * sporhundur (a bloodhound, a tracker dog)
 * Stórihundur (Canis Major)
 * útdráttarhundur (caterpillar drive)
 * varðhundur (a watchdog, a guard dog)
 * þar liggur hundurinn grafinn (that is the real reason)

Synonyms


=Notkun=

Nafnorð

 * The inflection tables are slightly different for each language. I made the current ones being used for Icelandic, but I haven’t gotten around to making a help page yet. In fact, I haven’t even made templates for all the inflection categories. It’s a lot of work, and this is all a work in progress. I can make a brief summary for you.
 * All the templates follow traditional Icelandic grammatical categories. The nouns are divided first by gender, then by whether they are strong or weak (in weak nouns all cases in the singular end in the vowels -a, -i or -u), and then by numbered categories. The noun categories are as follows:
 * m-s1 for masculine nouns ending in -ar in nominative plural and -s or -ar in genitive singular. The most straightforward example of this is words like hundur; but the template also covers words with an elided secondary vowel like böðull, humar, etc., words with a stem ending in -i, but losing the -i before plural endings, like læknir. It also allows for u-mutation if the stem vowel is -a-, as in garður, kaðall, etc.
 * m-s2 for masculine nouns ending in -ir in nominative plural and -s or -jar in genitive singular. Words like hvalur, hylur, lækur
 * m-s3 for masculine nouns ending in -ir in nominative plural and -ar in genitive singular. Includes words like hugur, siður, viður, litur, but also words ending in -aður/-uður, like söfnuður, and u-stem nouns (using the parameter u=u) like björn, vörður, etc. (these u-stem nouns have u-mutation in the nominative and accusative singular, as well as in the dative plural like all nouns do, and they furthermore have i-mutation in the dative singular and nominative and accusative plural).
 * m-w1 for masculine nouns ending in -i with a plural in -ar, like skóli, hjólbarði, etc.
 * m-w1a – declension identical to m-w1, but nominative in -a, like herra, séra
 * m-w2 for masculine nouns ending in -i with a plural in -ur with i-mutation, e.g. lesandi, bóndi
 * f-s1 for strong feminine nouns with plural -ar (or -r in those ending in á or ú), like vél, á, nál, trú, Gerður, ermi
 * f-s2 for strong feminine nouns with plural -ir, like sál, kvöl, deild
 * f-s3 for strong feminine nouns with plural -ur/-r with i-mutation, like bók, fló, kýr
 * f-w1 for feminine nouns ending in -a with plural -ur (with u-mutation), like nunna, mamma
 * f-w2 for feminine nouns ending in -i in all cases in the singular, with plural in -ir or -ar (the latter is indicated with the parameter ar=ar), like lygi, beiðni
 * n-s for strong neuter nouns; these have -s in the genitive singular, and a nominative plural marked only by u-mutation, e.g. barn, þil
 * n-w for weak neuter nouns; these end in -a in all cases in the singular and take a -u plural, e.g. auga
 * All of these have the stem inserted in three or five parts: the principal stem vowel is the second parameter, whatever letters precede it are the first parameter, and the rest of the stem is the third. When there is a secondary stem vowel, this is parameter 4, and then parameter 3 contains whatever is between the vowels and parameter 5 the rest of the stem. Sometimes extra parameters must be used, as explained above. Also the dative ending -i is somewhat arbitrarily present in strong masculine nouns (of all three classes). Its presence must be indicated with the parameter i, which can have the values i, -i, or i-, which means -i/-inum, -Ø/-inum, and -i/-num, respectively (indefinite and definite forms shown on either side of the slash). I can’t give you any more detailed info now, but you can take a look at the linked entries to check out the template usage.

Sagnir

 * Template:is-conj-w2#Icelandic
 * Þriðji flokkur Halldóru, færa, dæma etc.


 * Template:is-conj-w4#Icelandic
 * Fyrsti flokkur Halldóru, elska, kalla, etc.


 * Virðist vera röð Kress.


 * Þá vantar ja-beyginguna (telja og ættingja) og ē-beyginguna (duga etc.).
 * Ē-beygingunni má líklega sleppa. Sárafáar sagnir, eins og duga eru frábrugðnar w2.


 * Ja-sagnir hafa alltaf eða næstum því alltaf e (telja) eða y (hrynja) sem (hljóðverpt) grunnhljóð og j-ið gengur gegnum mikinn hluta beygingarinnar.

=Tenglar= Templates