User:荒巻モロゾフ/original investigations

The words assumed to have *o
Following words have each Ryukyuan equivalents corresponding as /u/, assumed as *o without problems.
 * 茨城・越後・新潟頸城・富山県・石川・福井大飯・信州読本・飛騨・志摩・伊賀・京言葉・神戸・淡路・大和・紀州・wakayama pref.・wakayama・tottori・okayama・hiroshima pref.・徳島・讚岐・愛媛周桑・伊予・瀬戸内 osagi, 青森・津軽語彙・岩手 osaŋi, 津軽語彙 osaŋe, osanŋiko, 愛媛周桑 osabi, ishikawa osshaŋi, akita 秋田鹿角 wosagi
 * tottori oshi/oshii, yamagata, shinshuu 読本, tottori osu
 * tottori oshi, shinshu 読本, oshinbo, iwate, tottori osu
 * Iwate ogiru, Hirara: /ukagaᶻï/, Irabu Nagahama: /ukjagal/, Ikema: /ukjagai/, Tarama: /ukˢï/.
 * Iwate ogiru, Hirara: /ukagaᶻï/, Irabu Nagahama: /ukjagal/, Ikema: /ukjagai/, Tarama: /ukˢï/.


 * iwate, fukui, oban, shima, iga, kyoto, osaka, awaji, yamato, kishu, wakayama pref, wakayama, sanuki, ehime 周桑, iyo oshiro, iwate, tottori osuro, osumi osero, tottori ossho/osso, iwate ossho
 * /osiro/ is distributed in Mainland Japan in parallel.


 * I CAN ONLY FIND TOCHIGI IZU, WHERE THE ARE YOU GETTING THESE STUFF.
 * I CANNOT FIND ANY INITAL O- IN NKD2. LIKE ABOVE, WHERE THE ARE YOU GETTING THESE STUFF.
 * I CANNOT FIND ANY INITIAL O-. DO I EVEN NEED TO SAY IT? SOME ADMIN WILL BLOCK ME.
 * AOMORI, IWATE, FUKUSHIMA, NIIGATA, TOTORI, HIROSHIMA, SETOUCHI OSO, CHIBA OSOKKO
 * ISHIKAWA, TOTTORI OTA
 * TOTORI OTAA BUT TOTTORI CHANGES EVERY /U/ TO /O/
 * Fukue: /otau/ IS THIS FROM THE GENDAI NIHONGO HOGEN DAIJITEN.


 * GOD DANGIT WHERE ARE YOU GETTING THOSE
 * toyama, shinshu yomimoto, tottori ochi, NIIGATA (NHK) OCHII, TOTORI OTSU
 * CANT FIND ANYTHING. CLOSEST IS 伊予・土佐 YADE.
 * FUKUOKA ONAKI, オナギ〔茨城・富山県・石川・福井・福井大飯・岐阜・南伊勢・志摩・京言葉・淡路・神戸・播磨・大和・紀州・和歌山県・和歌山・鳥取・岡山・周防大島・徳島・讚岐・愛媛周桑・伊予・瀬戸内・佐賀・長崎・島原方言・豊後〕オナン〔富山県〕オラギ〔豊後〕ムナギ〔鳥取〕ヲナキ゚〔青森〕
 * TOTTORI ONI/ONIN, BUT WHERE ARE OTHER DIALECTS.
 * CANNOT FIND.
 * TOTORI OO/ORI,. C.F. THE MIYAKO DIALECTS.

The words assumed to have *u
Following words have weakening or loss of the vowel at the beginning of words. Its distribution is biased and is only located in front of  and  as far as I know.
 * /mma/ and /mːma/ are distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Naze: /mˀáː/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /màː/, Hatoma: /ʔḿːmà/. Throughout Miyako islands: /nuːma/ (equivalent of ).
 * /mma/ and /mːma/ are distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Naze: /mˀáː/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /màː/, Hatoma: /ʔḿːmà/. Throughout Miyako islands: /nuːma/ (equivalent of ).


 * /mmai/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Naze: /mˀàʃáɴ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /màːʃéɴ/, Hirara: /mmakaᶻï/, Ikema: /mmakai/, Irabu Nagahama: /mmakal/.
 * /mmai/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Naze: /mˀàʃáɴ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /màːʃéɴ/, Hirara: /mmakaᶻï/, Ikema: /mmakai/, Irabu Nagahama: /mmakal/.


 * /mmaru/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Kagoshima: /mːbeᴛ/, Tarama: /umil/ (exception?)
 * /mmaru/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Kagoshima: /mːbeᴛ/, Tarama: /umil/ (exception?)


 * /mmeru/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel.
 * /mmeru/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel.


 * /mmareru/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Hachinohe: /òmárè̝rɯ̈̀/ (exception?), Naze: /mˀàrḯrjúɴ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /máːríːɴ́/, Hirara: /mmariᶻï/, Ikema: /mmariː/, Irabu Nagahama/Tarama:/mmaril/, Hatoma: /màrúɴ/
 * /mmareru/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Hachinohe: /òmárè̝rɯ̈̀/ (exception?), Naze: /mˀàrḯrjúɴ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /máːríːɴ́/, Hirara: /mmariᶻï/, Ikema: /mmariː/, Irabu Nagahama/Tarama:/mmaril/, Hatoma: /màrúɴ/


 * Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔmǐː/, Hirara/Tarama: /mːku/, Ikema/Irabu Nagahama: /ŋːku/, Hatoma: /ʔuŋku/ (= 膿子).
 * Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔmǐː/, Hirara/Tarama: /mːku/, Ikema/Irabu Nagahama: /ŋːku/, Hatoma: /ʔuŋku/ (= 膿子).


 * Hirara/Irabu Nagahama/Tarama: /mː/, Ikema: /mmiː/, Hatoma: /ʔúːmùɴ/.
 * Hirara/Irabu Nagahama/Tarama: /mː/, Ikema: /mmiː/, Hatoma: /ʔúːmùɴ/.


 * Throughout Miyako islands: /vva/.
 * Throughout Miyako islands: /vva/.


 * Naze: /ʔùrámásáɴ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔùrìmáʃéɴ/, Hirara: /vvamasïkaᶻï/, Irabu Nagahama: /vujamasï̥kal/, Tarama:/veːmaʃaːl/, Hatoma:/ʔùráːmísàɴ/ (= ).
 * Naze: /ʔùrámásáɴ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔùrìmáʃéɴ/, Hirara: /vvamasïkaᶻï/, Irabu Nagahama: /vujamasï̥kal/, Tarama:/veːmaʃaːl/, Hatoma:/ʔùráːmísàɴ/ (= ).


 * Naze: /ʔùrjúɴ/, Okinawa(Sesoko): /ʔúíɴ/, Hirara/Nagahama: /vː/, Ikema: /uː/, Tarama: /vvï/
 * Naze: /ʔùrjúɴ/, Okinawa(Sesoko): /ʔúíɴ/, Hirara/Nagahama: /vː/, Ikema: /uː/, Tarama: /vvï/

The words apparently having *o, but with mysterious alternation with *e
Following words vary dialectal forms between one assumed to be from *o and from *e. For some reason, professional researchers ignore this phenomenon or assert that it is an innovation illogically. It might be **or (> **oː/oj > *o/e) in the pre-protoform.
 * (T)oyama: /èbérù/, Gokayama: /ìérú/, Gifu: /ìérù/, Mie: /íérú/, Naze: /ʔwï̀rjúɴ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔúíjúɴ/, Hirara: /ibiᶻï/, Nagahama: /ibil/, Ikema: /ibiː/, Tarama: /uil/, Hatoma: /ʔìbírúɴ/
 * (T)oyama: /èbérù/, Gokayama: /ìérú/, Gifu: /ìérù/, Mie: /íérú/, Naze: /ʔwï̀rjúɴ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔúíjúɴ/, Hirara: /ibiᶻï/, Nagahama: /ibil/, Ikema: /ibiː/, Tarama: /uil/, Hatoma: /ʔìbírúɴ/


 * /joŋoɡɯ̈/ in Tōhoku region, /iŋoku ~ iɡokɯ/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Variant: /inoku/ .イコグ・イゴグ・イヌグ・インヌグ・エニグ・エヌク・エンヌグ・ヨ〓グ〔岩手〕イゴク〔山形・福島・栃木・埼玉・埼玉方言・千葉・東京・神奈川・福井大飯・山梨・岐阜・静岡・志摩・伊賀・京言葉・大阪・ＮＨＫ（兵庫）・淡路・神戸・播磨・紀州・和歌山県・和歌山・鳥取・島根・岡山・広島県・徳島・讚岐・愛媛周桑・伊予・土佐・福岡・長崎・対馬・大分・鹿児島〕イゴッ〔鹿児島方言〕イヌク〔富山県・飛騨〕イノク〔伊豆大島・新潟頸城・富山礦波・福井・福井大飯・山梨・岐阜・飛騨・静岡・愛知・南知多・志摩・大阪・神戸・播磨・讚岐〕イログ〔鳥取〕インゴク・ンゴク〔福島〕ウ〓ク・ウ〓〓ク〔秋田〕ウノク〔山梨〕ウンゴク〔伊予〕エゴク〔福島・栃木・埼玉方言・千葉・信州上田・鳥取・島根〕エゴグ〔岩手・山形〕エ〓グ〔岩手・仙台音韻・秋田〕エヌグ〔青森・ＮＨＫ（岩手）〕エノク〔富山県・石川・福井・静岡〕エノグ〔青森・津軽語彙・岩手・秋田〕オゴク〔埼玉方言・鳥取〕ヨゴク〔茨城・千葉・新潟頸城・鳥取〕ヨゴグ〔山形〕ヨノク〔石川〕
 * /joŋoɡɯ̈/ in Tōhoku region, /iŋoku ~ iɡokɯ/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Variant: /inoku/ .イコグ・イゴグ・イヌグ・インヌグ・エニグ・エヌク・エンヌグ・ヨ〓グ〔岩手〕イゴク〔山形・福島・栃木・埼玉・埼玉方言・千葉・東京・神奈川・福井大飯・山梨・岐阜・静岡・志摩・伊賀・京言葉・大阪・ＮＨＫ（兵庫）・淡路・神戸・播磨・紀州・和歌山県・和歌山・鳥取・島根・岡山・広島県・徳島・讚岐・愛媛周桑・伊予・土佐・福岡・長崎・対馬・大分・鹿児島〕イゴッ〔鹿児島方言〕イヌク〔富山県・飛騨〕イノク〔伊豆大島・新潟頸城・富山礦波・福井・福井大飯・山梨・岐阜・飛騨・静岡・愛知・南知多・志摩・大阪・神戸・播磨・讚岐〕イログ〔鳥取〕インゴク・ンゴク〔福島〕ウ〓ク・ウ〓〓ク〔秋田〕ウノク〔山梨〕ウンゴク〔伊予〕エゴク〔福島・栃木・埼玉方言・千葉・信州上田・鳥取・島根〕エゴグ〔岩手・山形〕エ〓グ〔岩手・仙台音韻・秋田〕エヌグ〔青森・ＮＨＫ（岩手）〕エノク〔富山県・石川・福井・静岡〕エノグ〔青森・津軽語彙・岩手・秋田〕オゴク〔埼玉方言・鳥取〕ヨゴク〔茨城・千葉・新潟頸城・鳥取〕ヨゴグ〔山形〕ヨノク〔石川〕


 * Hirara: /itsïvkˢï/ BUT MIYAKO DOESN'T PRESERVE /ITS-/. AND I CANNOT FIND OTHER THAN TOKUSHIMA UTSUBUKU.
 * Hirara: /itsïvkˢï/ BUT MIYAKO DOESN'T PRESERVE /ITS-/. AND I CANNOT FIND OTHER THAN TOKUSHIMA UTSUBUKU.


 * Throughout Miyako islands: /im/. オミ〔青森・津軽語彙・岩手・秋田・富山県・福井・福井大飯・志摩・南伊勢・淡路・播磨・紀州・和歌山県・鳥取・讚岐・瀬戸内〕 ALSO LOOK AT PELLARD 2008.
 * Throughout Miyako islands: /im/. オミ〔青森・津軽語彙・岩手・秋田・富山県・福井・福井大飯・志摩・南伊勢・淡路・播磨・紀州・和歌山県・鳥取・讚岐・瀬戸内〕 ALSO LOOK AT PELLARD 2008.


 * Ancient form: . Nanao/Toyama:/òrókò/, Ōzu: /uruko/, Ōita: /írà/, Koshiki: /ìkó/, Naze: /ʔìkkí/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔìrìːkí/, Hirara: /iᶻïki/, Ikema:/iːki/, Nagahama/Tarama: /ilki/, Hatoma: /ʔìrákì/. (* / *?) (1)頭のふけ. 《うろこ》青森県南部085秋田県平鹿郡130山形県東置賜郡139島根県隠岐島741《おろこ》宮城県登米郡115イルコ・イロコ〔鹿児島方言〕ウリコ〔島原方言・豊後〕ウルグ・ウルゴ・オログ・オロゴ〔岩手〕ウルコ〔島根・周防大島・愛媛周桑・伊予・福岡・島原方言・豊後〕ウログ〔仙台方言〕オリコ〔鳥取〕オロケ〔飛騨〕オロコ〔仙台方言・富山県・岐阜・飛騨・愛知・鳥取〕ヲロケ〔岐阜〕
 * Ancient form: . Nanao/Toyama:/òrókò/, Ōzu: /uruko/, Ōita: /írà/, Koshiki: /ìkó/, Naze: /ʔìkkí/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔìrìːkí/, Hirara: /iᶻïki/, Ikema:/iːki/, Nagahama/Tarama: /ilki/, Hatoma: /ʔìrákì/. (* / *?) (1)頭のふけ. 《うろこ》青森県南部085秋田県平鹿郡130山形県東置賜郡139島根県隠岐島741《おろこ》宮城県登米郡115イルコ・イロコ〔鹿児島方言〕ウリコ〔島原方言・豊後〕ウルグ・ウルゴ・オログ・オロゴ〔岩手〕ウルコ〔島根・周防大島・愛媛周桑・伊予・福岡・島原方言・豊後〕ウログ〔仙台方言〕オリコ〔鳥取〕オロケ〔飛騨〕オロコ〔仙台方言・富山県・岐阜・飛騨・愛知・鳥取〕ヲロケ〔岐阜〕

(2)ある家の売立品の中にまぜてある他家の物. 《うろこ》奈良県南大和683

The words apparently having *u, but with mysterious alternation with *i
Following words vary dialectal forms between one assumed to be from *u and from *i. For some reason, professional researchers ignore this phenomenon or assert that it is an innovation illogically. It might be **ur (> **uː/uj > *u/i) in the pre-protoform.


 * Toyama: /ìbé/, Gokayama/Gifu: /ìé/, Naze: /ʔúḯ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔúí/, Hirara/Irabu Nagahama: /waːbi/ (equivalent of ). Nagahama: /waːra/ (= 上腹), Tarama:/waːbu/. (cf. 被覆形: ：Okinawa (Sesoko)/wáːɡí/, Hirara: /waːɡᶻïnu/, Irabu Nagahama: /vvaɡi/, Tarama: /waːɡï/)
 * Toyama: /ìbé/, Gokayama/Gifu: /ìé/, Naze: /ʔúḯ/, Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔúí/, Hirara/Irabu Nagahama: /waːbi/ (equivalent of ). Nagahama: /waːra/ (= 上腹), Tarama:/waːbu/. (cf. 被覆形: ：Okinawa (Sesoko)/wáːɡí/, Hirara: /waːɡᶻïnu/, Irabu Nagahama: /vvaɡi/, Tarama: /waːɡï/)


 * Ancient form: . Okinawa (Sesoko): /iju/, Throughout Miyako islands (Hirara/Ikema/Irabu Nagahama): /ᶻïzu/.
 * Ancient form: . Okinawa (Sesoko): /iju/, Throughout Miyako islands (Hirara/Ikema/Irabu Nagahama): /ᶻïzu/.

Unknown words
These words cannot be determined because of data lacking. More sources are required.
 * Synonym: . Hirara/Irabu Nagahama: /vtsï/, Ikema: /utsï/, Tarama: /fu̯til/. Irregular, perhaps *u.
 * Synonym: . Hirara/Irabu Nagahama: /vtsï/, Ikema: /utsï/, Tarama: /fu̯til/. Irregular, perhaps *u.


 * /mune/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Hachijō: /ine/、Irabu Nagahama: /uni/. Okinawa (Sesoko)/Hirara/Ikema: /mani/ (= 間根). Unidentified. 〓アネ〔八丈島〕オネ〔新潟頸城・鹿児島方言〕ワネ〔石川〕ムネ〔岩手・秋田・石川・島原方言〕
 * /mune/ is distributed in mainland Japan in parallel. Hachijō: /ine/、Irabu Nagahama: /uni/. Okinawa (Sesoko)/Hirara/Ikema: /mani/ (= 間根). Unidentified. 〓アネ〔八丈島〕オネ〔新潟頸城・鹿児島方言〕ワネ〔石川〕ムネ〔岩手・秋田・石川・島原方言〕


 * Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔùrǎː/, Hirara: /vra/, Ikema/Irabu Nagahama/Tarama: /ura/, Hatoma: /ʔùrà/. Corresponds *u only in Hirara, *o in others. = ORA.
 * Okinawa (Sesoko): /ʔùrǎː/, Hirara: /vra/, Ikema/Irabu Nagahama/Tarama: /ura/, Hatoma: /ʔùrà/. Corresponds *u only in Hirara, *o in others. = ORA.


 * Okinawa (Sesoko)/ùrùːʃí/. TOYAMA URUSU. IWATE UROSHI.
 * Okinawa (Sesoko)/ùrùːʃí/. TOYAMA URUSU. IWATE UROSHI.