User:-sche/German terms of Native North American origin

This list includes common nouns which originated from Native American language families spoken to the north of the Panama Canal. Terms from language families spoken on both sides of the Canal, or in the Caribbean, are listed separately; terms from Eskimo-Aleut languages are also listed separately. This list does not include the names of tribes or places. If a common noun is also the name of a tribe or place (e.g. "Mohawk"), this is noted, however.

specific language and family unclear

 * der (/das?) Appaloosa (rare) — "(breed of) horse having a spotted rump" — (from English,) after the Palouse river, named for the Palouse region, which is either a 🇨🇬 or a 🇨🇬 name
 * (der) Quinnat (rare) — "Chinook salmon of the genus Oncorhynchus" — (from English, from) ? (perhaps Chinook?)


 * below this line = not done


 * Tabasco (uncommon) — "region of Mexico", "particular variety of chili pepper having a conical shape and a bitter and burning taste, or spicy pepper sauce made from this pepper" — (from English, from the name of the Mexican state "Tabasco",) from either a 🇨🇬 term meaning "our lord of eight lions", or a 🇨🇬 term meaning "damp earth"

specific language unclear

 * apishamore — "saddle blanket" — from 🇨🇬 term meaning "something to lie down on" (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 *apishimon, perhaps related to ; also compare 🇨🇬)
 * bogan — (in Canada:) "any narrow water or creek, especially a narrow tranquil backwater" — apparently a conflation of "(poke)logan" and "bog"
 * carcajou — "wolverine" — probably from the same 🇨🇬 source as "kinkajou"
 * chogset — "cunner (fish)" — (from an earlier spelling, "cachogset", from) 🇨🇬; compare 🇨🇬
 * chunky — "particular game involving throwing a spear at a rolling disk" — 🇨🇬 *chungke
 * hickory (originally: pokickery; then: hickery) — "deciduous hardwood tree (Carya or Annamocarya)" — from an 🇨🇬 word, probably 🇨🇬
 * kinkajou — "honey bear Potus flavus" — from an 🇨🇬 word for "wolverine" only later transferred to the South American animal, compare 🇨🇬 (related to "carcajou")
 * logan — "(in the northeastern US) marsh" — shortening of "pokelogan" (which see)
 * pipsissewa (also: pipissewa) — "umbellate wintergreen (Chimaphila umbellata)" — either from 🇨🇬 *, compare, or from 🇨🇬
 * pokelogan (also: "pokeloken") — "(in the northeastern US) marsh" — perhaps related to "pocosin"???
 * macock — "(particular kind of) squash or pumpkin" — from a 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬 word? (see also the unrelated "mocuck")
 * maracock — "fruit of a passion flower (similar to a lemon)" — from an 🇨🇬 word?
 * matchcoat — "(particular type of) fur mantle" — compare 🇨🇬 (related to "machicote")
 * moose — "elk (Alces alces)" — compare 🇨🇬/🇨🇬, 🇨🇬
 * muskimoot (uncommon) — "(woven) bag (especially as used by certain Algonquian peoples)" — compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬
 * muskrat — see musquash
 * musquash — "Ondatra zibethicus" — compare 🇨🇬 ("muskrat" may be from the same source!)
 * pecan — "edible nut of the Carya illinoinensis", "Carya illinoinensis (tree)" — compare 🇨🇬 (Illinois), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬
 * pocosin (also: pocosen, pocoson) — "(in Virginia and the southeastern US) low, wooded swamp, palustrine wetland" — from an unknown 🇨🇬 word, perhaps related to 🇨🇬
 * podunk — "any small, insignificant inhabited place (town, etc.)" — from a particular place of that name, ultimately from an 🇨🇬 term
 * pokickery — see hickory
 * pung — "low, box-like sled/sleigh designed to be drawn by one horse" — shortening of "tom-pung", from the same root as "toboggan"
 * Quonset hut — "lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel having a semicircular cross section" — named after the place they were manufactured; the placename derives from an 🇨🇬 language
 * sagamité (or: sagamite) — "stew of hulled (and often powdered) maize and grease" — from an 🇨🇬 language; compare 🇨🇬
 * scuppernong — "large greenish-bronze grape", "wine made from this grape" — from an 🇨🇬 word?
 * skokeberry — "pokeberry" — from an 🇨🇬 term for "red" (compare 🇨🇬) + (🇨🇬) "berry"
 * squeteague — "weakfish (Cynoscion regalis)" — 🇨🇬? (probably from a plural, compare "squit", which is probably from the singular) ("chickwit" and "succoteague" are probably variations of the same word)
 * suckauhock (or: suckanhock) — "dark wampum" — 🇨🇬?? ("suck-" is said to be an 🇨🇬 root for "black", compare 🇨🇬)
 * supawn (also sepawn, sepon, suppawn) — "boiled (corn) meal, hasty pudding" — probably 🇨🇬/🇨🇬 (the same source as "samp")
 * terrapin — "turtle" — from an 🇨🇬 word; compare 🇨🇬
 * toboggan — "sled/sleigh" (also: "winter hat") — 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬
 * togue — "lake trout, siscowet" — 🇨🇬???
 * tomahawk — "ax" — compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬
 * tullibee (also: tulibee) — "mongrel whitefish of the genus Coregonus" — 🇨🇬/🇨🇬 (with alternation of "n" and "l")
 * wapato (also: wappatoo) — "arrowhead (plant, Sagittaria variabilis)", "edible bulbous root of this plant" — from 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬?
 * wapiti — "elk (Cervus canadensis)" — from 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬)
 * wejack — "fisher, marten" — 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬 (compare "woodchuck" from the same root but misapplied)
 * wickup — see wicopy
 * wicopy (wickopy) — "one of several trees (Dirca or Tilia)" — compare 🇨🇬
 * woodchuck — "groundhog" — 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬 (erroneously applied in English to the groundhog; compare "wejack" which is correctly applied to the fisher)
 * woodshock — (obsolete form of "woodchuck" which was still sometimes applied to the marten, though other times misapplied to the groundhog)


 * commonly conjectured to be Algonquian
 * hackmatack — "larch" (nonstandard: "balsam poplar") — said to be of Native American (sometimes specifically 🇨🇬 or, even more specifically, 🇨🇬) origin, but no etymon is known (compare "tamarack")
 * tamarack — "larch" — said to be of Native American (sometimes specifically 🇨🇬 or, even more specifically, 🇨🇬) origin, but no etymon is known (compare "hackmatack")
 * zuisin — "American widgeon" — said to be probably of 🇨🇬 origin; compare 🇨🇬

from Abenaki and Penobscot

 * cohosh — "herb with rough roots, used to treat women's health issues (Caulophyllum thalictroides)" (erroneously: "Actaea racemosa, which is smooth") — 🇨🇬 *kkwὰhas (compare 🇨🇬)
 * monadnock — "isolated mountain rising above a plain" — from 🇨🇬,
 * pauhagen — "menhaden (fish)" — ultimately from 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬 (related to "poghaden")
 * pekan — "fisher (Martes pennanti), marten (Martes americana)" — 🇨🇬 or a 🇨🇬 cognate of the same
 * poghaden — "menhaden (fish)" — ultimately from 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬 (related to "pauhagen")
 * pogy — "menhaden (fish)" — (shortening of "poghaden")
 * sagamore — "(Algonquian) chief" — 🇨🇬 (relate to "sachem")
 * sannup — "male Native American, especially a married one" — 🇨🇬, compare 🇨🇬
 * skunk — "small black animal with a white stripe and musk glands" — 🇨🇬
 * tumpline — "strap passed around a chest or forehead to aid in carrying a pack" — (from tump, said to be from mattump, metomp, from) 🇨🇬 *mádûmbí? from an 🇨🇬 root *mat-a-pey??
 * wannigan — "box, usually wood, for storing food" — 🇨🇬
 * wigwam — "type of Native American dwelling having an arched framework overlaid with bark, hides or mats, used in the northeastern US" — from 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬

from Cree and Montagnais (Innu)

 * husky — "particular type of dog used to pull sleds in northern regions" — shortening of "husky dog", where "husky" is ultimately from the same 🇨🇬 (Innu) root as "Eskimo"
 * muskeg — "wet, acidic peat bog (soil type), with spruce and woody vegetation" — 🇨🇬
 * namaycush — "togue, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush)" — 🇨🇬
 * pemmican — "concentrated mixture of dried meat and fruit (berries) (containing fat and protein" — 🇨🇬, from
 * quickhatch — "wolverine" — 🇨🇬
 * saskatoon — "western North American shrub Amelanchier alnifolia", "edible berry of this shrub" — 🇨🇬
 * shaganappi — "rawhide strap (thong, lacing)" (used e.g. to hold together Red River carts) — from 🇨🇬, compare
 * wavey (also: wavy) — "either of two wild geese of the genus Chen" — 🇨🇬 *wewe, *wehwe-w
 * whisky jack, whisky john — "grey jay, Canada jay (Perisoreus canadensis)" — 🇨🇬/ and /

from Lenape (Delaware), Unami or Munsee

 * kinnikinnick (a staggering variety of spellings exist, include ones ones with "l" like killikinick; see the entry for a list) — "mixture of bark, dried leaves, and sometimes tobacco, which is smoked", "any of the plants (which produce berries) used in this mixture" — from 🇨🇬, cognate to 🇨🇬
 * manitou (sometimes: manito) — "(term used by non-Native Americans for a) god, deity (as revered among Native North Americans)" — from 🇨🇬/🇨🇬, compare 🇨🇬
 * moonack — "groundhog" — 🇨🇬
 * Neshannock — "white-fleshed variety of potato, suitable for table use" — (named for the place in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, where it was first produced; the placename deriving from) a 🇨🇬 term for "place of two streams", from + a root meaning "stream" (compare,  + the locative suffix -k
 * punkie (also: punky) — "any of the small biting gnats/midges of the family Ceratopogonidae" — 🇨🇬 *
 * seawan (also: sewan, seawant, zeawant) — "wampum (especially if not strung)" — 🇨🇬 *
 * shoepac — "shoe (especially: warm, waterproofed boot)" — 🇨🇬 (anglicisation influenced by "shoe")
 * tipitiwitchet — "Venus flytrap" — 🇨🇬

from Malecite-Passamaquoddy

 * (also called Maliseet–Passamaquoddy)


 * quoddy — "herring, especially if caught and cured (or smoked) near any of the various northeastern American places named Quoddy or Passamquoddy" — (from the placenames, from the tribe's name, thus) ultimately from 🇨🇬

from Massachusett or Narragansett

 * menhaden (also: menhadden) — "any fish of the genus Brevoortia and sometimes Ethmidium" — 🇨🇬, influenced by "poghaden" ("pauhagen"), which may be from 🇨🇬/🇨🇬 (and which is the source of "pogy")?
 * mohawk — "particular hairstyle", (Mohawk) "the Kanienkehaka (a particular tribe)" — (from the tribe name,) from a 🇨🇬 word meaning "they eat animate things"
 * mugwump — "important person" (now only sarcastically or derisively) — 🇨🇬 (*)
 * mummichog (also: mummychog/mummachog) — "hardy killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) found in brackish and coastal waters of North America" — 🇨🇬.
 * Narragansett pacer — "(horse from the) Rhode Island breed of horses, which were once renowned" — from the Rhode Island town named for the 🇨🇬 tribe
 * netop (rare) — "friend" — 🇨🇬
 * nocake (obsolete: nokehike) — "corn parched and pounded into flour" — 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬 (related to "yokeag")
 * old squaw (also: oldsquaw) — "long-tailed duck (Clangula hyemalis)" — "old" + "squaw"
 * papoose — "child (especially if Native North American)" — 🇨🇬
 * paugie — "porgy (fish)" — 🇨🇬 *mishcuppauog ("porgies", plural) (from the same 🇨🇬 word: "scup", likely reinforced by matching non-rhotic pronunciations of "porgy")
 * peag — "wampum" — (from 🇨🇬 wampumpeag, from) 🇨🇬 (see "wampum")
 * pooquaw (earlier: pequaock) — "Nantucket or Long Island Sound hard-shelled clam" — 🇨🇬 *poquauhock
 * pooseback — "piggyback" — ("papoose" + "back")
 * powwow — "(Native North American meeting or ritual", "shaman", "secret meeting" (as a verb: "to hold a powwow") — 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬 (both from a root meaning "shaman")
 * quahog (also: quahaug) — "small or hard-shelled edible clam" — from 🇨🇬 *poquauhock
 * sachem — "(Algonquian) chief" — 🇨🇬 (related to "sagamore")
 * samp — "(porridge made from) coarse ground maize" — 🇨🇬 (compare "supawn")
 * scup — "porgy (fish)" — 🇨🇬 *mishcuppauog ("porgies", plural) (from the same 🇨🇬 word: "paugie")
 * squantersquash — "squash" (the term is obsolete) — 🇨🇬 *askútasquash
 * squantum — "a picnic on the beach, a clambake" — (apparently from a placename, from) 🇨🇬
 * squash — "edible gourd Cucurbita" — shortening of "squantersquash"
 * squaw — "woman, wife (especially if Algonquian)" (sometimes offensive) — compare 🇨🇬
 * squawberry (also: squaw berry) — "partridge berry (Mitchella repens)" — "squaw" + "berry"
 * squaw carpet — "Ceanothus prostratus, a flat, mat-forming shrub" — "squaw" + "carpet"
 * squaw fish (also: squawfish) — "cyprinid fish of the genus Ptychocheilus which preys on small trout and salmon" — "squaw" + "fish"
 * squaw mint — "American pennyroyal (Hedeoma pulegioides) — "squaw" + "mint"
 * squaw root (also: squawroot) — "Conopholis americana, which is parasitic on the roots of other trees", "Trillium erectum, which has foul-smelling, yellow to purple flowers" — "squaw" + "root"
 * squaw vine (also: squawvine) — "partridge berry (Mitchella repens)" — "squaw" + "vine"
 * squaw weed (also: squawweed) — "golden ragwort (Packera aurea)" — "squaw" + "weed"
 * squaw winter — (in New York:) "early onset of winter, early (October) cold snap, often followed by flurries of snow", (in northwest Canada:) "mild onset of winter" — "squaw" + "winter"
 * succotash — "stew of corn kernels (and lima beans and tomatoes)" — 🇨🇬
 * tautog — "blackfish (a particular wrasse)" — 🇨🇬
 * wampum — "small polished beads, strung together" (informally: "money") — (from 🇨🇬 wampumpeag, from) 🇨🇬 (compare "hiaqua")

from Mi'kmaq

 * babiche — "cord or lacing of rawhide or sinew (used in place of cord or rope)" — 🇨🇬
 * caribou — "(North American specimen of) reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)" — 🇨🇬

from Ojibwe

 * chipmunk (earlier: chitmunk) — "squirrel-like rodent of the genus Tamias" — 🇨🇬
 * cisco — "(any of several particular) North American freshwater fish" — (shortening of "siscowet")
 * machicote — "(particular type of) skirt or underskirt" — 🇨🇬 (related to "matchcoat")
 * mackinaw — "heavy, thick woolen cloth", "coat made from this cloth", "particular kind of boat", "particular kind of trout" — ultimately from 🇨🇬
 * maskinonge — (variant or synonym of "muskellunge")
 * massasauga — "rattlesnake (Crotalus catenatus or Sistrurus catenatus)" — 🇨🇬
 * mocuck — "box-like container made from birch-bark, especially one in which sugar is stored" — probably 🇨🇬 (see also the unrelated "macock")
 * muskellunge — "large fish of the pike family, Esox masquinongy" — 🇨🇬
 * musky — "muskellunge" — (shortening of "muskellunge")
 * nitchie (also: neechee) — "a Native American" (in Canadian usage, usually offensive) — from 🇨🇬
 * pembina (or: pimbina) — "Viburnum edule, squashberry, low-bush craberry", "edible berry of this plant, from which jam may be produced" — 🇨🇬, an earlier form of
 * siscowet — "(any of several particular) North American freshwater fish" — 🇨🇬 ( or ) ("cisco" is a shortening of this word)
 * totem — "clan (defined in reference to a natural object or creature, which serves as its emblem)", "that object or creature, or a representative thereof" — 🇨🇬
 * watap — "spruce root split lengthwise into strips" — 🇨🇬

from Powhatan

 * Atamasco lily (or: atamasco lily) — "rain lily (Zephyranthes atamasco)" — said to be from 🇨🇬 *attamusca
 * chinquapin (also: chinkapin) — "any of several shrubs and trees" — said to be from 🇨🇬 * (sometimes considered to derive from a word for chestnut, in which case compare (also with regard to "wankapin") 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬,
 * chum — "fish parts and blood, dumped into the water to attract fish" (as a verb: "to fish using chum") — 🇨🇬??
 * hominy (also: rockahominy) — "(food of) hulled maize kernels soaked in lye water, rinsed, then either cooked and eaten or dried and ground" — from one of several similar 🇨🇬 words
 * moccasin — "deerskin leather shoe" (also: "any of several kinds of snake") — 🇨🇬 *mockasin, *mawhcasun, *makasin
 * opossum — "American marsupial (Didelphys or Chironectes)" — 🇨🇬
 * persimmon — "Diospyros fruit (berry), visually similar to a tomato, which is sweet when ripe but astringent when immature" (also: "tree that produces this fruit/berry") — 🇨🇬 *pichamin(s), *pushemin(s), *pasimenan ("dried fruit")
 * pocan — (variant of "pocones" or "puccon", which are synonymous)
 * pocones — see puccoon
 * poke, pokeberry, pokeroot, pokeweed — "plant of the genus Phytolacca, which is initially poisonous but with berries and shoots which may be eaten after washing, and which yields a red dye" — 🇨🇬 (related to "puccoon")
 * pone — "baked or fried cornmeal bread (perhaps made without milk or eggs), cornbread" — 🇨🇬, compare 🇨🇬
 * possum — see opossum
 * puccoon (earlier: pocones) — "any of several plants which yield a red dye", "this dye" — 🇨🇬 (*) (related to "poke")
 * raccoon — "grey-furred nocturnal omnivore (Procyon)" — 🇨🇬
 * roanoke — "white beads of low value made from shells" — 🇨🇬 *rawrenock (said to mean "things rubbed smooth by hand")
 * rockahominy — see hominy
 * tuckahoe — "edible root of the wild potato (arrow arum, Peltandra virginica)" (by extension: "person forced by poverty to subsist on this root") — 🇨🇬 (*)tockawhoughe
 * werowance (or: weroance) — "(Native American) chief (in Virginia or Maryland)" — presumably from 🇨🇬???
 * werowansqua (or: weroansqua) — "female weroance, female (Native American) chief, princess" — almost certainly from the same source as "werowance"

from other specific Algonquian languages

 * muckawis — "whippoorwill" — probably from 🇨🇬 (Pequot) múckkowheesce
 * sea puss (earlier: seapoose; sometimes especially erroneously: sea-purse) — "(oceanic phenomenon:) strong nearshore current resulting from seaward water flow" — 🇨🇬 (Unquachog), cognate to 🇨🇬
 * sepoose — "(flowing) channel which results when a cut is deliberately made by humans in a barrier beach which separates a bay from an ocean, so as to control the water level in the bay (which affects water mills) and its salinity (which affects shellfish)" — (this variant spelling of "sea puss" is used when the word has this sense)
 * wickiup — "domed hut-like Native American dwelling used in the southwestern and western US" — 🇨🇬/🇨🇬
 * yokeag — "dried, pulverized corn kernels, sometimes mixed with maple sugar" — 🇨🇬, shortening of (related to "nocake" and "rokeag")

from Caddo

 * caddi — "civil/secular chief of the Hasinai confederacy" — 🇨🇬 (related to 🇨🇬 "Caddo", from 🇨🇬)
 * cona — "(Caddo) minor shaman who can cure sickness, ward off evil, and make predictions" — 🇨🇬
 * xinesi (also: chenesi) — "high priest of the Hasinai confederacy" — 🇨🇬

from Chinook

 * (also called Lower Chinook, Chinook proper)


 * cheechako (also: cheechaco) — "newcomer, greenhorn, tenderfoot (especially to Alaska or western Canada)" — 🇨🇬, from (🇨🇬) +  (🇨🇬) (this word is consequently also listed in the section for Nootka derivations)
 * chum salmon — "Oncorhynchus keta" — 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬 (+ 🇨🇬 "salmon")
 * eulachon (also: oolachon, hooligan) — "small edible North American candlefish (Thaleichthys pacificus)" — 🇨🇬, from Clatsop 🇨🇬
 * hooligan — (in the sense "fish", variant of eulachon)
 * salal — "leathery-leaved North American shrub with edible sepals and leaves, Gaultheria shallon" — 🇨🇬 sálal (via 🇨🇬) (probably from the same root as "shallon")
 * sewellel — "mountain beaver" — 🇨🇬
 * shallon — "salal (Gaultheria shallon)" — 🇨🇬
 * soopolallie — "deciduous shrub Shepherdia canadensis", "Canadian buffaloberry, soapberry, the red fruit/berry of this shrub, which may be used in the production of a frothy, aromatic, distinctive-tasting drink sometimes called 'Indian ice cream'" — 🇨🇬 from (from 🇨🇬) +  (from a 🇨🇬 word for berries)

from Chinook Jargon

 * (words are listed here only if their original language unclear)


 * high muckamuck (also: high muckety-muck) — "important person" — 🇨🇬 (see "muckamuck")
 * kouse (or: kowse) — "(edible root of a particular) plant of the genus Lomatium (as used by Native American as food and medicine" — 🇨🇬, from???
 * muckamuck (also: muckety-muck) — "food", (later, as a short form of "high muckamuck":) "important person" — 🇨🇬 (the earlier origin of the term is unclear; it is possible it was invented within Chinook Jargon rather than borrowed into the Jargon from another language)

specific language unclear

 * Niagara — "deluge, flood, torrent", "large, juicy, green North American grape: a variety of Vitis labrusca which is eaten and used in the production of wines, jams and white grape juice", "a particular river which flows, over a waterfall, from Lake Erie into Lake Ontario" — ("deluge" alludes to the waterfall, the grape is named after the area of its origin; the name of the area is from) 🇨🇬
 * Oswego tea — "Monarda didyma" — "Oswego" (from an 🇨🇬 language) + "tea"

from Southern Iroquoian languages

 * sequoia — "either the one living or the one extinct genus of redwood coniferous trees in the Sequoioideae subfamily, of the Cupressaceae family" — after the 🇨🇬 figure Sequoyah /

from Northern Iroquoian languages

 * dowitcher — "any of three long-legged, long-billed wading birds in the genus Limnodromus" — from an 🇨🇬 language, compare 🇨🇬
 * ondatra — "muskrat" — from an 🇨🇬 language, perhaps 🇨🇬 (Huron)
 * wyandotte (often: Wyandotte) — "particular kind of poultry, said to be a cross of a bantam cock and a Cochin hen", "the Wyandot people" — (from the tribe name,) from 🇨🇬 (in the Huronian family)

specific lect unclear

 * cigar — "tobacco in a thick roll wrapped with (an outer covering of) tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked" — 🇨🇬
 * cigarette — "tobacco in a thin roll wrapped with paper, intended to be smoked" — from "cigar"
 * halach uinic — "Mayan governor" — from 🇨🇬

from Kekchi

 * kelep — "Guatemalan stinging ant Ectatomma tuberculatum" — 🇨🇬

from Yucatec Maya

 * balché (or: balche) — "intoxicating drink made by soaking the bark of the leguminous tree Lonchocarpus violaceus in honey and water and fermenting it" — 🇨🇬
 * cenote — "deep well, formed naturally by the collapse of surface limestone, exposing the groundwater underneath, into which the Maya cast sacrificial offerings" — 🇨🇬
 * shark — "scaleless, predatory fish of the superorder Selachimorpha" — probably from 🇨🇬

from Miskito

 * cohune — "South American palm Orbignya cohune, which produces large nuts" — 🇨🇬
 * dory — "small, flat-bottomed boat" — perhaps from 🇨🇬, if this 🇨🇬 word is not a loan from 🇨🇬(!)

from Choctaw

 * appaloosa — "catfish" — shortening of "Appaloosa cat", named for the Appaloosa (Opelousa) tribe; the tribe's name is from 🇨🇬, the second element being (not related to "appaloosa" meaning "horse")
 * bayou — "(in Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas and Arkansas, a) "slow-moving, often stagnant creek or river", "(in LA, NS, TX, AR, a) swamp, marshy (stagnant) body of water" — (🇨🇬, from) 🇨🇬
 * bobbasheely — "good friend" (as a verb: "to hang out (with friends)") — 🇨🇬
 * bogue — "bayou, waterway" — (🇨🇬, from) 🇨🇬
 * okeh — (varient of "OK") — 🇨🇬 (this is sometimes given as the etymology of "OK" itself, although this is doubtful)
 * sac-a-lait — "white crappie (Pomoxis annularis)" — (🇨🇬, from) 🇨🇬

from Creek (Muscogee)

 * coontie — "either of two arrowroots, Zamia integrifolia or Zamia floridana", "flour produced (by Seminoles) from the starch of these plants" — 🇨🇬 (Muscogee)
 * tupelo — "any of several trees of the genus Nyssa, especially Nyssa aquatica, which grow in swampy regions on the eastern, southern and midwestern United States" — 🇨🇬 (Muscogee)
 * wahoo — "winged elm (Ulmus alata)" — 🇨🇬 *uhawhu

from Athabaskan languages

 * hogan — "(Navajo) dwelling, constructed of branches covered with mud" — 🇨🇬 (in the Apachean family)
 * quinzhee (or: quinzee) — "temporary shelter made by hollowing out a pile of settled snow" — 🇨🇬 (in the North Athabaskan family) (compare "igloo")

from Tlingit

 * hooch (also: hootch) — "(cheap) alcohol, liquor, whiskey" — shortening of "Hoochinoo", name of a specific alcohol, from the name of the tribe which produced it, said to be from 🇨🇬

from Penutian languages

 * (this is a hypothetical grouping used here only for convenience)

from Plateau Penutian languages

 * Wokas (also: wocus, wocas, wokus) — "yellow water lily", "edible (dried, hulled) seeds of this lily" — 🇨🇬
 * (too rare to meet CFI)
 * 1904, Botanische Zeitung, volume 62, page 249:
 * Verf. erklärt übrigens, dass Wokas ein delicates Nahrungsmittel sei

from Purepecha

 * huarache — "particular (Mexican) kind of sandal", "food similar in shape to that sandal, consisting of salsa, potato, meat and cheese atop a fried masa (dough) base" — 🇨🇬

from Halkomelem

 * coho (coho salmon) — "anadromus and semelparous salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, found in the coastal regions of the northern Pacific Ocean, used as a symbol by several Native American tribes" — 🇨🇬
 * sasquatch — "mythical large hairy humanoid", "any very hairy person" — 🇨🇬
 * sockeye — "Onchorynchus nerka, a small salmon", "the edible red flesh of this fish" — 🇨🇬, probably meaning red fish

from Lower Chehalis

 * skookum — (as an adjective:) "impressive, excellent, strong", (as a noun:) "woodland monster" — 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬

from Lushootseed

 * geoduck (or: goeduck, gweduck) — "species of large saltwater clam (Panopea generosa)" — 🇨🇬

from Shuswap

 * kokanee — "lacustrine sockeye (that is, a land-locked one, one found in lakes and not in the ocean)" — 🇨🇬

from Siouan (proper) languages

 * ohunkakan — "traditional Sioux evening stories" — 🇨🇬
 * tipi, teepee — "cone-shaped tent-like Native American dwelling used in the Great Plains" — 🇨🇬
 * wahoo — "Euonymus atropurpureus, a burning bush" — from a 🇨🇬 word, the first element of which is cognate to 🇨🇬

from Catawba

 * catawba (some senses erroneously also: catalpa) — "reddish American desert grape", "Rhododendron catawbiense rhododendron", "any tree of the genus Catalpa" — 🇨🇬 (sometimes alternatively said to derive from a 🇨🇬 word like )
 * yaupon — "Ilex vomitoria, an evergreen holly shrub with white flowers and red or yellow berries, found in the southeastern United States" — 🇨🇬, from

specific language unclear

 * chuckwalla — "lizard of the genus Sauromalus, which lives in arid regions of the Southwestern United States" — (via 🇨🇬, from) either 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬

from Hopi

 * kachina (also: katchina, katsina) — "vaguely ancestral anthropomorphic spirit being", "wooden doll which represents such a being" (and some other senses) — 🇨🇬
 * kiva — "ceremonial underground chamber in a Pueblo village" — 🇨🇬
 * Moqui marble (or: Moki marble) — "any of a group of iron oxide concretions shaped like small balls found in the Navajo Sandstone Formation in Utah" — 🇨🇬
 * piki (also: piki bread) — "(thin, tortilla-like sheet of) rolled bread made of nixtamalized corn meal" — presumably from 🇨🇬

from Nahuatl lects

 * achiote — "tropical American evergreen plant, Bixa orellana, annatto", "seed of this plant used for its flavour or orange-red colour, annatto" — 🇨🇬
 * altepetl — "sovereign Nahuan sociopolitical unit" — 🇨🇬, so called because it contains (sic) and
 * amate — "paper made from the bark of adult Ficus trees" — 🇨🇬 (figuratively also meant "ability to write")
 * amole — "any of various plants, such as Mexican agave plants, used as soap" — 🇨🇬
 * atlatl — "wooden stick with a thong or perpendicularly protruding hook on the rear end that grips a grove or socket on the butt of its accompanying spear, thus steadying the spear and increasing its range and force of penetration" — 🇨🇬
 * atole — "thick drink made of finely ground maize, mixed with water" — 🇨🇬
 * avocado — "Central Mexican tree Persea americana", "large, usually yellowish-green or black, pulpy fruit of this tree, having a single large pit: alligator pear, butter pear" — 🇨🇬
 * axolotl — "neotenic salamander, found in the elevated lakes of Mexico, which begin as larvae but do not naturally undergo metamorphosis" — 🇨🇬
 * ayocote — "runner bean" — (via 🇨🇬, from) 🇨🇬
 * cacao — "Theobroma cacao tree", "seed or bean of this tree, contained within a pod, from which cocoa solids and cocoa butter are extracted" — 🇨🇬 ("cocoa" derives from this word, "cacao")
 * calmecac — (historically, in Aztec society:) "school at which young nobles received military training and a very basic education" — 🇨🇬, probably a compound with as one of its elements
 * calpolli (or: calpulli) — "organizational unit below the level of an altepetl" — 🇨🇬
 * centzontle (also written other ways) — "mockingbird" (rare) — 🇨🇬
 * chayote — "Sechium edule, a vine of the gourd family", "pear squash, vegetable pear: green, pear-shaped fruit of this plant, which may be eaten raw or cooked" — 🇨🇬 ,
 * chia — "Mexican plant Salvia columbariae, which edible seeds, related to mint" — 🇨🇬
 * chicle — "milky latex of the Manilkara chicle tree, used after coagulation as the principal ingredient of chewing gum" — 🇨🇬 (or possibly 🇨🇬 )
 * chilaquiles — "traditional Mexican dish of fried tortilla chips topped with salsa" — 🇨🇬 (from + ) +
 * chile (also: chili) — "spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers" — from "chilli"
 * chilli (or: chili) — "dish made with peppers and other ingredients, such as beans and meat" — 🇨🇬
 * chiltoma — "Capsicum annuum"/"any sweet pepper" — 🇨🇬 (perhaps a combination of and )
 * chinampa — (historical, in Mesoamerica) "small, rectangular floating island of fertile arable l and to grow crops on the shallow lake beds" — 🇨🇬
 * chocolate — "food made from ground roasted cocoa beans", "dark, reddish-brown colour like that of the food" — 🇨🇬 or a similar term referring to chocolate or to an instrument used in chocolate production
 * cocoa — "chocolate" (historically), "unsweetened brown powder made from roasted, ground cocoa beans, used in baking and chocolate production: cocoa powder", "cocoa liquor: pure liquid chocolate extracted from the cocoa bean", "cocoa butter: theobroma oil, a pale-yellow, pure, edible vegetable fat extracted from cocoa beans", "hot cocoa: hot chocolate: hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar" — (metathesis of "cacao")
 * copal — "aromatic tree resin, in a stage of polymerization and hardening intermediate between that of gummy resins and that of amber" — 🇨🇬
 * coyote — "American jackal, prairie wolf (Canis latrans), canine native to an area stretching from Panama to Canada" — 🇨🇬
 * epazote — "pungent herb used in Central and South American cooking and tea making (Chenopodium ambrosioides)" — 🇨🇬
 * guacamole — "avocado-based green dip" — 🇨🇬
 * haricot — "bean, kidney bean" — probably from 🇨🇬, with the spelling influenced by the unrelated word "haricot" for "stew" (from 🇨🇬)
 * hoatzin (also: hoactzin, hoazin) — "blue-faced, crested bird Opisthocomus hoazin, which has an enlarged crop used as a rumen" — 🇨🇬 (not 🇨🇬) (which probably designated a different bird)
 * huipil — "traditional blouse worn by women (from various Central America peoples including the Maya and Zapotec" — 🇨🇬
 * huitlacoche — "corn smut, considered as food" — 🇨🇬
 * jícama (also: jicama) — "Mexican vine Pachyrhizus erosus", "edible tuberous root of this plant, which resembles a potato" — 🇨🇬
 * macpalxochitl — "Chiranthodendron pentadactyllon, a tree which has red, five-fingered hand-shaped flowers" — 🇨🇬
 * mescal (or: mezcal) — "intoxicating drink made from fermented agave juice", "agave which is used to produce this drink", "peyote" — 🇨🇬 (see also "peyote")
 * mescaline — "psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine class found naturally in several cactus species" — (from "mescal")
 * mesquite — "any of several deciduous trees of the genus Prosopis, which have long, beige seed/bean pods which may be dried and ground into a sweet, nutty flour", "wood of these trees, or charcoal made from it, used when smoking food" — 🇨🇬
 * metate — "flat stone with a slightly concave surface, used with a mano, another stone, for grinding maize or other grains" — 🇨🇬 ("mano" is from 🇨🇬)
 * mole — "any of several spicy sauces typical of the cuisine of Mexico and neighboring Central America, especially the sauce which contains chocolate and which is used in cooking main dishes, not desserts" — 🇨🇬
 * nahual (also: nagual) — "animal form a person may take", "person who may take an animal form" — 🇨🇬 (see also "tonal")
 * nahualism (also: nagualism) — "the (Mesoamerican instance of) belief in the transformation of humans into animals" — from "nahual"
 * nahuatlato — "interpreter of an indigenous language, especially but not always Nahuatl", "scholar of Nahuatl" — 🇨🇬,
 * nixtamal — "hominy: maize/corn kernels which have undergone nixtamalization, that is, which have been hulled and soaked and cooked in an alkaline solution" — 🇨🇬, from +
 * nixtamalization (or: nixtamalisation) — "soaking and cooking of hulled maize/corn kernels in an alkaline solution" — from "nixtamal"
 * nopal — "prickly pear cactus from the genus Opuntia, which has edible leaves" (often, the plural "nopales" is used when the leaves are an ingredient in a dish) — 🇨🇬
 * ocelot — "dwarf leopard (Leopardus pardalis), pale yellow-orange wild cat covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches" — 🇨🇬
 * octli — "pulque: milk-colored, somewhat viscous alcoholic drink, which produces a light foam, made by fermenting the sap of certain types of agave plants" — 🇨🇬
 * oyamel — "sacred fir (Abies religiosa), South American evergreen conifer" — 🇨🇬 *
 * peyote — "small, spineless cactus Lophophora williamsii which produces button-like tubercles which have psychedelic effects upon consumers of them" — 🇨🇬 (see also "mescal")
 * pinole — "coarse flour made from ground toasted maize kernels, often mixed with herbs, eaten by itself (sic) or incorporated into drinks" — 🇨🇬
 * pozole — "pre-Columbian soup made from hominy, other things and seasonings" — 🇨🇬/🇨🇬
 * pulque — "octli: milk-colored, somewhat viscous alcoholic drink, which produces a light foam, made by fermenting the sap of certain types of agave plants" — (via an erroneous 🇨🇬 adoption of) 🇨🇬
 * quetzal — "strikingly colored bird in the trogon family" — 🇨🇬
 * quetzalcoatlus — "North America pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian stage, about 68–65.5 million years ago)" — 🇨🇬
 * sapodilla — "Manilkara zapota, a long-lived, evergreen tree, which has edible fruit" — related to "sapote"
 * sapote (also: zapote, sapota, zapota) — "edible fruit of the sapodilla tree" — 🇨🇬
 * shack — "crude, roughly built hut" — (some authorities derive it from 🇨🇬, but others consider this phonologically impossible and relate the word to 🇨🇬 "ramshackle")
 * sotol — "any of several plants of the genus Dasylirion, of the agave family", "distilled spirit made from the Dasylirion wheeleri" — 🇨🇬
 * tacamahac (also: tacamahaca) — "particular resinous product", "any tree yielding such resin, especially the balsam poplar" — 🇨🇬
 * tamal (or: tamale) — "dish, consisting of a masa (meal, often cornmeal) shell filled (e.g. with meat) and steamed or boiled in a leaf or corn-husk wrapper (which is discarded before consumption)" — 🇨🇬 (in 🇨🇬, "tamale" is a back-formation from "tamales", but it continues the 🇨🇬 syllabification)
 * tegu — "any of 7 species of large South America lizards of the genus Tupinambis" — from "teguexin"
 * teguexin — "large South American lizard with yellowish spots" (a "gold tegu"?) — 🇨🇬
 * telpochcalli — (historically, in Aztec society:) "school at which young commoners received military training and a very basic education" — 🇨🇬, a compound of +
 * teosinte — "grass of the genus Zea, sometimes cultivated as a fodder plant" — 🇨🇬
 * tequila — "alcoholic drink made from the blue agave plant" — named for the town where it was produced; the placename is 🇨🇬
 * tlachtli — (Nahuan version of the Mesoamerican ballgame) — 🇨🇬 (other names include "ulama", "ullamaliztli")
 * tomato — "widely cultivated plant, Solanum lycopersicum", "savory fruit of this plant, which is red when ripe" — 🇨🇬
 * tonal — "animal companion which accompanies a person from birth to death; animal to which a person acquires a spiritual link upon birth" — 🇨🇬
 * tule — "hardstem bulrush, viscid bulrush (Schoenoplectus acutus)" — 🇨🇬
 * ulama — (Nahuan version of the Mesoamerican ballgame) — 🇨🇬 (other names include "tlachtli", "ullamaliztli")
 * ullamaliztli — (another version of the Mesoamerican ballgame) — 🇨🇬 (other names include "ulama", "tlachtli")
 * xochinacaztli — "earflower (Cymbopetalum penduliflorum)" — 🇨🇬, from ; so called because it resembles an ear
 * xocomecatlite — "orthorhombic telluride mineral which occurs as aggregates or spherules of green, needle-like crystals" — 🇨🇬 (+ 🇨🇬 -ite)
 * zopilote — "particular vulture" — 🇨🇬

from Numic languages

 * sego (or: sego lily) — "perennial bulb lily, Calochortus nuttallii, which has trumpet-shaped flowers" — 🇨🇬

from O'odham

 * tepary — "particular bean, Phaseolus acutifolius" — Tohono 🇨🇬

from Shoshone

 * kooyah (sometimes: kuya) — "(large, internally bright yellow, edible root of the) Valeriana edulis, which tastes and smells like tobacco until cooked, when it becomes sweet" (eaten by Native Americans in the Great Basin and Northwest) — 🇨🇬 ("Snake language")
 * pogonip — "ice fog which forms in valleys in the Western United States" — 🇨🇬 or a related word
 * yampa (or: yampah) — "any of several plants of the genus Perideridia, especially Perideridia gairdneri, which has an edible root" — 🇨🇬 *yampa

from Taracahitic languages

 * saguaro — "large cactus in the genus Carnegiea, native to the Sonoran Desert, characterized by its arm-like protuberances" — from a Taracahitic 🇨🇬 language, probably 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬

from Nootka

 * camas (earlier: quamash) — "North American flowering plant of the genus Camassia" — from 🇨🇬 *, from 🇨🇬 *
 * cheechako (also: cheechaco) — (see this word's listing in the section for Chinook derivations)
 * hiaqua — "beads or shells (especially as placed on strings)" — 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬 (compare "wampum")
 * klootch, klooch — "klootchman" (which see)
 * klootchman — "wife", "woman (especially if Native American)" — (via 🇨🇬, from) 🇨🇬 : either from (*łóócma?) or  (with 🇨🇬 suffixed in 🇨🇬)
 * potlatch — "gift-giving festival, in which a host housed and distributed gifts to guests, who would later reciprocate" — 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬
 * potluck — some consider potluck a variant of potlatch, but potluck ("meal") is attested since 1592
 * saltchuck — "any body of saltwater, especially the ocean but also any brackish lake" — from 🇨🇬, from (from 🇨🇬) +  from 🇨🇬