User:-sche/German terms of Native South American origin

This list includes common nouns which originated from Native American language families spoken to the south of the Panama Canal. Terms from language families spoken on both sides of the Canal, or in the Caribbean, are listed separately. This list does not include the names of tribes or places. If a common noun is also the name of a tribe or place (e.g. "Mohawk"), this is noted, however.

specific language unclear

 * (eine, ein) Chullo — "particular Andean style of hat with earflaps, made of wool" — 🇨🇬 or 🇨🇬
 * (too rare to meet CFI)

from Aymaran languages

 * (die) Pachamanca (rare) — "(particular) traditional Peruvian dish characteristically baked with the aid of hot stones" — 🇨🇬 +
 * die Pachamanca (selten) — "peruanisches Nationalgericht" — 🇨🇬 +

from Araucanian languages‎

 * der Colocolo — "small, striped, western-central South American cat (Leopardus colocolo)" — 🇨🇬
 * der Coypu (also Koypu, Coipu, Koipu) — "Myocastor coypus, large, crepuscular, semiaquatic rodent (similar to a rat) with bright orange teeth, native to South and North America, Europe and Asia" — 🇨🇬
 * der Lonko (rare) — "(Mapuche) chief" — 🇨🇬
 * der Pudu (sometimes neuter) — "very small South American (Andean) deer of the genus Pudu" — 🇨🇬
 * der Toqui (also: Toki) (used in the 1700s and 1800s) — "(Mapuche) war chief" — 🇨🇬

from Quechuan (languages)

 * arracacha — "Arracacia xanthorriza", "starchy taproot of this vegetable, which is edible when cooked" — 🇨🇬
 * ayahuasca — "any of several South American Banisteriopsis vines", " any of various psychoactive infusions or decoctions prepared from this vine" — 🇨🇬
 * charqui — "jerky" — 🇨🇬
 * coca — "dried leaf of the South American shrub Erythroxylon coca, the source of cocaine" — 🇨🇬
 * cocaine — "stimulant narcotic in the form of a white powder that users generally self-administer by insufflation through the nose" — from "coca"
 * condor — "either of two New World vultures: the Andean Vultur gryphus or the Californian Gymnogyps californianus" — 🇨🇬
 * guanaco — "South American ruminant Lama guanicoe" — 🇨🇬
 * guano — "dung of a sea bird or bat" — 🇨🇬 (via 🇨🇬)
 * huatia — "traditional Peruvian earthen oven, used to produce pachamanca, dating back to the time of the Inca" — 🇨🇬
 * jerk — (as a noun:) "meat cured by jerking", (as a verb:) "to cure meat by cutting it into strips and drying it, originally in the sun" — (from the same source as "jerky", "charqui")
 * jerky — "lean meat cured and preserved by cutting into thin strips and air-drying in the sun" — (variant or cognate of "charqui")
 * lagniappe — "extra gift, such as a seller gives a buyer when the buyer purchases something else" — 🇨🇬, from 🇨🇬, a variant of, from 🇨🇬,
 * lima bean (or: Lima bean) — "butter bean (Phaseolus lunatus)" — named after the city of "Lima", from Coastal 🇨🇬
 * llama — "South American lamoid of the camel family, used as a domestic beast of burden and a source of wool and meat" — 🇨🇬 (via 🇨🇬)
 * mate (also: maté) — "evergreen tree Ilex paraguariensis", "tea-like beverage made from the dried leaves of this plant" — 🇨🇬
 * oca — "herbaceous perennial plant Oxalis tuberosa", "edible tuber of this plant" — 🇨🇬
 * pampas — "extensive grassy plains of South America south of the Amazon" — 🇨🇬
 * pampas deer — "small South American deer, Odocoileus bezoarticus" — from "pampas"
 * pique — "chigger, Tunga penetrans" — 🇨🇬
 * pisco — "South American liquor (brandy) distilled from grapes" — 🇨🇬,
 * poncho — "simple garment, made from a rectangle of cloth, with a slit in the middle for the head", "raincoat" — 🇨🇬
 * puma — "mountain lion, cougar" — 🇨🇬 *
 * quinine — "bitter alkaloid powder derived from cinchona bark, used to treat malaria" — 🇨🇬
 * quinoa — "Andean goosefoot Chenopodium quinoa, cultivated for its edible fruits/seeds", "high-protein dried fruits/seeds of this plant, used as a food staple and ground into flour" — 🇨🇬
 * quipu — "Andean (Incan) recording device consisting of colored, spun, and plied thread or strings from llama or alpaca hair, with numeric values encoded by knots in a base ten positional system" — Cusco-Collao 🇨🇬
 * ulluco — "Ullucus tuberosus", "edible tuber of this plant, which resembles and is cooked like a potato" — 🇨🇬
 * vicuna (also: vicuña) — "South American hoofed mammal, Vicugna vicugna, closely related to the alpaca, llama, and guanaco" — 🇨🇬
 * wiphala — "square emblem, commonly used as a flag, representing the native peoples of the central Andes of Bolivia" — 🇨🇬

aus den Tupí-Mundarten

 * Tupí


 * abacaxi — "large Brazilian pineapple" — 🇨🇬
 * acajou — "cashew tree", "cashew nut"; "mahogany tree", "mahogany wood" — from the same 🇨🇬 root as "cashew" (or 🇨🇬)
 * agouti — "rodent similar to a guinea pig but with longer legs", "(pattern of) fur in which hairs have several bands of light and dark pigment and black tips" — 🇨🇬
 * ai — "three-toed maned sloth (Bradypus tridactylus)" — 🇨🇬
 * ananas — "pineapple" — 🇨🇬 (via the scientific name if not directly)
 * anhinga — "fish-eating bird Anhinga anhinga", "any bird of the family Anhingidae" — 🇨🇬 (also transcribed as or )
 * ani — "near-passerine bird of the genus Crotophaga in the cuckoo family" — 🇨🇬
 * candiru (or: candirú) — "Vandellia cirrhosa, a small parasitic fish native to the Amazon river" — 🇨🇬


 * Capybara — "large, tailless South American rodent (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris)" — 🇨🇬/🇨🇬, from +  +  +
 * das Capybara — Wasserschwein — 🇨🇬 ka’apiûara, zusammengesetzt aus kaá + píi + ú + ara


 * caracara — "any of several Central and South American Falconidae birds of prey" — from a 🇨🇬 onomatopoeic representation of its cry
 * cashew — "Anacardium occidentale tree", "small, kidney-shaped, edible nut of this tree" — 🇨🇬 or
 * cayenne — "particular spicy pepper", "powder which results from the pestling of this pepper" — 🇨🇬
 * coati — "any of several omnivorous mammals of the genus Nasua and order Carnivora" — 🇨🇬
 * coatimundi — "(any of various) particular coati(s)" — (the first element is "coati", from 🇨🇬)
 * cotinga — "any of the neotropical passerine birds of the genus Cotinga" — 🇨🇬
 * ipecac — "syrup of ipecac, an emetic", "ipecacuanha (the plant or its root)" — shortening of "ipecacuanha"
 * ipecacuanha — "Psychotria ipecacuanha, a flowering plant", "root of this plant, which has medicinal uses especially when powdered" — 🇨🇬, from +  +
 * jaboticaba (also: jabuticaba) — "evergreen Brazilian grape tree Myrciaria cauliflora", "purplish-black, white-pulped fruit of this tree, which may be eaten raw or used in jellies and drinks" — 🇨🇬 or
 * jacana — "plover-like wading bird of the family Jacanidae, having long legs and toes" — 🇨🇬
 * jacaranda — "any of several trees of the genus Jacaranda, which have pale purple, funnel-shaped flowers", "hard, dark, often fragant wood of these trees" — 🇨🇬
 * jararaca — "venomous South American snake Bothrops jaracara" — 🇨🇬
 * macaw — "any of several species of parrot of the genera Ara, Anodorhynchus, Cyanopsitta, Primolius, Orthopsittaca and Diopsittaca" — 🇨🇬


 * Maniok (also: Manioc; Manioka, Manioca) — "cassava" — 🇨🇬 manioka
 * der Maniok (auch: Manioc; die Manioka, Manioca) — die Pflanze Manihot esculenta, Kassava — 🇨🇬 manioka


 * margay — "Central and South American spotted cat Leopardus wiedii" — 🇨🇬


 * Piranha — "any of the carnivorous freshwater fish living in South American rivers and belonging to the families of Serrasalmus and Pygocentrus" — from 🇨🇬/🇨🇬 (there are several theories regarding the second element, some of which invoke 🇨🇬)
 * der Piranha — Schwarmfisch mit sehr scharfen Zähnen — 🇨🇬


 * pororoca — "tidal bore, wave (or series of waves) which travels up thee Amazon and adjacent rivers" — from a 🇨🇬 word meaning "great destructive noise"
 * tanager — "any of several American passerine birds of the family Thraupidae, which inhabit forests" — 🇨🇬
 * tapioca — "starchy, powdery or pearly extract of the cassava" — 🇨🇬/🇨🇬


 * Tapir — "large browsing mammal, similar in shape to a pig" — 🇨🇬 tapira
 * der Tapir — südamerikanisches oder asiatisches Huftier mit dichtem Fell und kurzem Rüssel — 🇨🇬 tapira


 * toucan — "any of various frugivorous birds of the family Ramphastidae, which have large, colorful beaks" — 🇨🇬, which probably originated as an imitation of its cry
 * toucan crossing — "pedestrian and bike crossing with traffic lights operated by those wishing to cross: a pelican crossing which also allows bicycles to cross" — a pun; the crossing is like a "pelican crossing", but "two can" cross (walkers and riders)

aus den Guaraní-Mundarten

 * Guaraní


 * Manihot — (obsolete:) "manihot, manioc, cassava" — 🇨🇬 manio
 * der Manihot — veraltet: Maniok — vermutlich wie das englishe Wort manihot vom 🇨🇬 manio


 * Petunie — "(member of a) genus of flowering plants of the genus Petunia" — 🇨🇬 pety
 * eine Petunie — eine der Petunien — 🇨🇬 pety