User:Aearthrise/Hieroglyphics/Egyptian Course/GreekVersion

Egyptian Language ☥ (Ptolemaic Kingdom -> Roman Empire) Greek Compatability Version Κλεομένης

Chapter 1

Welcome to the Egyptian Language Course! I, Andrew Earthrise, have created this course to teach you how to read Hieroglyphs and to understand the Egyptian language. The most recent form of the Egyptian language is Coptic, which uses the Greek alphabet in Byzantine font with extra letters for Egyptian sounds; older Egyptian forms used Demotic and Hieratic writing, cursive forms of Hieroglyphs.

To learn more about the Coptic alphabet, click here!

I .
Phonetics:

Classical Egyptian, the older language, had many glyphs for ideas and for specific consonant sounds. As time went on, consonants written in the older language disappeared from the spoken language. By the time of the Ptolemaic Kingdom- the inheritors of Alexander the Great's Egyptian kingdom, the usage of the older language was for religion and dedicated monuments.

The hieroglyphic writing system is very economical. Hieroglyphs did not write vowels for native Egyptian words, but Greek words used former consonants as vowels to spell phonetically. Ptolemaic hieroglyphs usage corresponds accordingly:

Vowels:
 * Tip: hover your mouse over hieroglyphs, you'll find vowels and consonants!

A,alpha-Αα (Egyptian vulture)

E,eta-Ηη (arm)

I/Y,iota-Ιι,Υυ (reed)/ (two strokes) Many times, words beginning with this character make an a/e sound in Coptic Egyptian.

O,omicron- Οο }(lasso)

U,upsilon-Υυ, Ουου / (chick/abbreviated form of chick)

Consonants:

K/Ḳ,kappa/ḳi(chi)-Κκ/Χχ / (basket with handle/sloping hill)

M,mu-Μμ (owl)

N,nu-Νν (water)

P/Ṗ,pi/ṗi(phi)-Ππ,Φφ / (duck/mat)

R,ro-Ρρ (mouth)

S,sigma-Σσ/ς (folded cloth)

T/Ṫ,tau/ṫeta(theta)-Ττ,Θθ (bread)

Determinatives:

Determinatives help distinguish words and make them more vivid. They refer to the action, person, object, or idea of the word.

{Man } {Woman } {Child } {Servant } {Cooking Brazier and Man } {Dog } {Anubis, the jackal god }

Memorization:

The best way to memorize hieroglyphics and words is to draw the characters. When you copy the word, add details and color at your own pace! Your brain will remember the words when you are having creative fun!

1.

Father, Ιωτ

{Κλεομένης } {πε } {̀φ ιωτ }. Κλεομένης πε ̀̀φιωτ.

Kleomenes pe ṗ'yot.

Cleomenes is the father.

2.

Mother, Μαυ

{Βερενική } {τε } {̀θ μαυ }. Βερενίκη τε ̀̀θ μαυ.

Berenike te ṫ'mauw.

Berenice is the mother.

3.

Son, Ϣηρι

{Χαρμιον } {πε } {̀π ϣηρι } Χαρμιον πε ̀πϣηρι.

Ḳarmion pe p'šeri

Charmion is the son.

4.

Servant, Βωκ

{Ϩωρϧεβι } {πε } {̀φ βωκ } Ϩωρϧεβι πε ̀φβωκ

Horkhebi pe ṗ'bok

Harkhebi is the servant.

5.

Cook, Μακιρος

{Χὰνρη } {πε } {πι μακιρος } Χὰνρη πε πιμακιρος.

Ḳa n're pe pi makiros.

Kanre is the cook.

6.

Dog, Ουϩορ

{Ανουβ } {πε } {πι ουϩορ } Ανουβ πε πιουϩορ.

Anuwb pe pi uwhor.

Anubis is the dog.

II .
Determinatives: {Tongue? } {Room } {Bed,Coffin } {Tree } {Cooking Brazier } {Walking }

7.

Book, Ϫωμ

{Κλεομένης } {πε } {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ϫωμ }. Κλεομένης πε ϧεν πιμὰνϫωμ.

Kleomenes pe khen pi ma n'djom.

Cleomenes is in the library (place of books).

8.

Atrium, Σβε

{Βερενίκη } {τε } {ϧεν } {̀π σβε }. Βερενίκη τε ϧεν ̀πσβε.

Berenike te khen p'sbe.

Berenice is in the atrium.

9.

Sleeping, Ενκοτ

{Χαρμιον } {πε } {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ενκοτ } {Χαρμιον πε ϧεν πιμὰνενκοτ.

Ḳarmion pe khen pi ma n'enkot.

Charmion is in the bed (place of sleeping).

10.

Garden, Ϭωμ

{Ϩωρϧεβι } {πε } {ϧεν } {πι ϭωμ]] } Ϩωρϧεβι πε ϧεν πιϭωμ]].

Horkhebi pe khen pi qom.

Harkhebi is in the garden.

11.

Cooking, Φισι

{Χὰνρη } {πε } {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ⲫⲓⲥⲓ } Χὰνρη πε ϧεν πιμὰνφισι.

Ḳa n're pe khen pi ma n'ṗisi.

Kanre is in the kitchen (place of cooking).

12.

Road, Μωιτ

{Ανουβ } {πε } {ϧεν } {πι μωιτ } Ανουβ πε ϧεν πιμωιτ.

Anuwb pe khen pi mowit.

Anubis is in the road.

III .


Determinatives: {Inkboard, ink bottle, and stylus } {Scroll(Written Ideas) } {Sitting } {Bed,Coffin } {Man carrying pot }

13.

Writing, Σϧαι

{Κλεομένης }, {̀φ ιωτ }, {πε } {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ϫωμ }. . '''Κλεομένης, ̀φιωτ, πε ϧεν πιμὰνϫωμ. '''

Kleomenes, ṗ'yot, pe khen pi ma n'djom.

Kleomenes, the father, is in the library.

{̀φ Ⲓⲱⲧ }, {̀ϥ σϧαι } {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ϫωμ }. . '''̀φⲒⲱⲧ, ̀ϥσϧαι ϧεν πιμὰνϫωμ. '''

ṗ'Yot f'skhai khen pi ma n'djom.

The father writes in the library.

14.

Sitting, Ϩεμσι

{Βερενίκη } ,{̀θ μαυ }, {τε } {ϧεν } {̀π σβε }. Βερενίκη, ̀θμαυ, τε ϧεν ̀πσβε.

Berenike, ṫ'mauw, te khen p'sbe.

Berenice, the mother, is in the Atrium.

{̀θ Μαυ }, {̀σ ϩεμσι } {ϧεν } {̀π σβε }. ̀θΜαυ ̀σϩεμσι ϧεν ̀πσβε.

ṫ'Mauw s'hemsi khen p'sbe.

The mother sits in the Atrium.

15.

{Χαρμιον }, {̀π ϣηρι }, {πε } {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ενκοτ } Χαρμιον, ̀πϣηρι, πε ϧεν πιμὰνενκοτ.

Ḳarmion, p'šeri, pe khen pi ma n'enkot

Charmion, the son, is in the bed.

{̀π Ϣⲏⲣⲓ } {̀ϥ ενκοτ } {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ενκοτ } ̀πϢⲏⲣⲓ ̀ϥενκοτ ϧεν πιμὰνενκοτ.

'p'Šeri, f'enkot khen pi ma n'enkot

Charmion sleeps in the bed.

16.

Working, ̀Μκαϩ

{Ϩωρϧεβι }, {̀φ βωκ }, {ϧεν } {πι ϭωμ]] } {πε } Ϩωρϧεβι, ̀φβωκ, ϧεν πιϭωμ πε.

Horkhebi, ṗ'bok, khen pi qom pe.

Harkhebi, the servant, is in the garden.

{̀φ Βωκ } {̀ϥ ̀μκαϩ } {ϧεν } {πι ϭωμ } ̀φΒωκ ̀ϥ̀ⲙⲕⲁϩ ϧεν πιϭωμ

ṗ'Bok f'mkah khen pi qom.

The servant works in the garden.

17.

{Χὰνρη }, {πι μακιρος }, {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ⲫⲓⲥⲓ } {πε } Χὰνρη, πιμακιρος, ϧεν πιμὰνφισι πε.

Ḳa n're, pi makiros, khen pi ma n'ṗisi pe.

Kanre, the cook, is in the kitchen.

{πι Ⲙⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ } {̀ϥ ⲫⲓⲥⲓ } {ϧεν } {πι μα ̀ν ⲫⲓⲥⲓ } πιⲘⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ ̀ϥⲫⲓⲥⲓ ϧεν πιμὰνφισι.

pi Makiros f'ṗisi khen pi ma n'ṗisi.

The cook cooks in the kitchen.

18.

{Ανουβ }, {πι ουϩορ }, {ϧεν } {πι μωιτ } {πε } Ανουβ, πιουϩορ, ϧεν πιμωιτ πε.

Anuwb, pi uwhor, khen pi mowit pe.

Anubis, the dog, is in the road.

{πι Ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ } {̀ϥ ενκοτ } {ϧεν } {πι μωιτ } πιⲞⲩϩⲟⲣ ̀ϥενκοτ ϧεν πιμωιτ.

Pi uwhor f'enkot khen pi mowit.

The dog sleeps in the road.