User:Bezimenen/Questionable roots in pIE

Root

 * 1) to press, to distress

Possible descendants

 * [presumably o-grade enlongated by Brugmann's law]
 * [presumably o-grade enlongated by Brugmann's law]
 * [presumably o-grade enlongated by Brugmann's law]

Reason
Inconclusive evidence. Alternative etymologies for possible descendants. Overlapping with 🇨🇬.

-

Root

 * 1) to clump, to gather ?
 * 2) to smash, to break ?

Possible descendants

 * , dial.
 * , dial.
 * , dial.
 * , dial.
 * , dial.
 * , dial.

Reason
Uncertain connection between possible descendants. Some of the proposed descendants may be fossilized ne-inflex of 🇨🇬. The circumflex in Balto-Slavic requires explanation (*banˀgas is only based on the broken tone in dial. Latvian).

Formally, 🇨🇬 resembles this root, however, semantically it is unsound.

Root

 * 1) to beat, to push

Reason
Seems to be an expressive formation. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (> 🇨🇬, ).

🇨🇬 is sometimes compared to.

Root
or


 * 1) to inflate, to bulk?

Possible descendants

 * , dial.
 * , dial.
 * , dial.
 * , dial.

Reason
No semantic basis for reconstructing a single root. The Slavic data is partially onomatopoeic. The Baltic data could be from 🇨🇬. Probably various extensions of 🇨🇬.

Relation to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 is semantically unsound.

Root
~


 * 1) to illuminate

Possible descendants

 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic

Reason
Unexplained metathesis. Evidence for 🇨🇬 also exists: cf. 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Root

 * 1) to burst, to seethe (in Greek)
 * 2) pale, bleak (only in Germanic and Slavic)

Possible descendants

 * , 1p. blîdu
 * , 1p. blîdu
 * , 1p. blîdu

Reason
Semantically diverse. No e-grade attested. Reminiscent of 🇨🇬 (possibly from the same origin as 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬) and 🇨🇬. Possibly an extension of 🇨🇬 - cf. 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (⇒ )

-

Root

 * 1)  broad

Reason
Limited to Germanic. Alternatively from 🇨🇬 via Verner law (cf. ).

Relation to is superficial. The later is an iterative of.

-

Possibly meanings

 * 1) to pant
 * 2) to breathe

Reason
Limited to Germanic. Compare 🇨🇬 (+ 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬 < *bʰrek(s)-.

-

Root
or

Reason
The Italic data is chaotic (where does -p- in *hēpai come from?). The Balto-Slavic data is not without doubts, either. Derksen sees connection between 🇨🇬 on the one hand and 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 on the other. The later seem to be from 🇨🇬. Derksen also considers relation to 🇨🇬, which would require 🇨🇬?

LIV derives 🇨🇬 < 🇨🇬 from 🇨🇬.

There is no consensus about the coda. De Vaan supposes *-bʰ merely because *b is attested rarely in PIE.

-

Root
or


 * 1) to grab
 * 2) to rake, to row, to dig

Reason
Overlapping, mixture of the meanings. Possibly of expressive origin. Indo-Iranian data could reflect both roots, if presumably *gʰreb- was of "h₂e-present type" =. Relation to possible.

Hittite forms attested but with varying reflexes.

-

Root
or

Possible meaning

 * 1) to arch, to bow, to bend
 * 2) to thrust, to shove
 * 3) to cover, to deck

Possible descendants
Bending, arching:

Shoving, shooting:

Extensions





 * *(s)kewdʰ-

Reason
Undetermined quality of the onset (s)k- vs *(s)ḱ-. There is evidence for laryngeal as coda. Semantically heterogenous... See also 🇨🇬.

Most likely different roots with close meaning.

Possibly meaning

 * 1) to howl (→ to swell?; to wheeze?)
 * 2) appearance
 * 3) pale, fair, light (skin color)

Possible descendants
Appearance:

Howling:

Extensions

 * *ḱweh₁-

Reason
Sparsely attested. The meaning "owl" could be of onomatopoeic nature: cf. 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Possible meaning

 * 1) to carve, to stab
 * 2) sharp

Possible descendants

 * (1p. sg. stîdzu)
 * (1p. sg. stìegu)
 * Nordic
 * (1p. sg. stìegu)
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic
 * Nordic

Reason
Possibly of expressive origin, compare similar 🇨🇬 (+ *-ǵʰ-), 🇨🇬 (+ *-ḱ/ǵ-), 🇨🇬 (+ *-ǵ-). Seems to be also synonymous with 🇨🇬 > 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Tudati-type 0-grade in Germanic, not shared by Sanskrit and Italic. No consensus on the etymology of some forms.

Based on the constructions in Vedic and sporadic forms such as Grk. στίγμα, Germ. *stiklaz, the root (if valid) may be a member of the Caland system.

-