User:Bezimenen/Slavic-Germanic grammatical parallels

Standard Average European features
See SAE (by B. Worf). NB: Not limited only to Slavic and Germanic.

Articles
▷ West Germanic: prepositional particle
 * ○ Deutsch: definite ; indefinite
 * ○ Franconian: definitive ; indefinite
 * ○ English: definite ; indefinite

▷ Nordic Germanic: postpositional enclitic for definitive, prepositional particle for indefinite
 * ○ Norse: definite ; indefinite

▷ Balkan Slavic: postpositional enclitic, only for definitive purposes
 * Referential:
 * cataphoric
 * anaphoric (only with adjectives)
 * Demonstrative:
 * standard
 * remote
 * direct

Modal particles
▷ Germanic:, etc.

▷ Balkan Slavic: emphatic, assertive , etc.

Auxiliary formations
▷ West Germanic
 * Future:
 * ○ Deutsch: intentional, assertive , conditional
 * ○ Franconian: intentional, assertive
 * ○ English: desiderative, intentional , assertive

▷ Balkan Slavic: desiderative ~  (< ); obs. anticipatory ~  (< )

▷ West Germanic
 * Perfect / Imperfect:
 * ○ Deutsch: active ; passive + infinitive / past participle
 * ○ Franconian: active ; passive (telic),  (atelic) + past participle
 * ○ English: active ; passive + past participle

▷ Balkan Slavic: ~  + n-participle;  ~  + l-participle

Examples:

Deutsch: Deutsch:

Bulg: Bulg: