User:Catonif/common-italian

Italian monosyllable madness cleanup
general objective: bring 'Spoken Italian' on the wikt


 * standard italian has some things characteristic only of tuscan, an uncommon to the rest of Italy. I'm trying to add 'Common Italian' to account to the usual form of a word, before only-tuscan shifts, ie:
 * /e/ > /i/ in monosyllables. de is 'common italian' for di, ce for ci etc. etymologies will say "(eg) di: From older de (still found in most varieties of regional italian)"
 * usage of il (< el) instead of lo, and gli/i instead of li
 * loss of initial gemination so /'pju*/ and /'kwa*/ instead of 'common italian' /*'pju*/ and /*'kwa*/, etymologies will say "the original (eg) -cc-, though lost in the standard languague, is still found in most/some varieties of regional italian"
 * wide spread innovations' absence
 * uno, una > no, na
 * la > 'a
 * con, per > co, pe

Indeterminative articles

 * uno: m. sg.
 * name of the number: lemma (invariable)
 * numeral/article: alt of un § numeral/article before impure s, gn, x, z (alt regional: 'no)
 * pronoun: lemma
 * un: m. sg.
 * numeral/article: lemma (alt regional: 'n)
 * (literary, poetic) apocoped form of uno § pronoun
 * una: f. sg.
 * numeral/article: feminine of un § numeral/article (alt regional: 'na)
 * pronoun: feminine of uno § pronoun
 * un': f. sg.
 * numeral/article: alt of una § numeral/article before vowels (alt regional: n)
 * !!! never used as a pronoun !!!

Determinative articles

 * il: m. sg. (alt regional or archaic: 'l, el; colloquial tuscan pronunciation spelling: i' § article pronounced /i*/)
 * article: lemma (syn regional or archaic: lo)
 * lo: m. sg. (regional: 'o)
 * article 1: alt of il before impure s, gn, x, z
 * (regional or archaic) article 2: syn of il (in all contexts); lemma
 * pronoun: lemma
 * la: f. sg. (regional: 'a)
 * article: feminine of il (and feminine of il (and feminine of lo § article 2, but w/e it's the same)
 * pronoun: feminine of lo § pronoun
 * misspelling of là
 * l'
 * m. sg.
 * article 1: alt of il before vowels (technically alt of il before vowels (technically alt of lo § article 1)
 * pronoun 1: opt alt of lo § pronoun before vowels
 * f. sg.
 * article 2: mandatory alt of la § article before vowels
 * pronoun 2: opt alt of la § pronoun before vowels
 * m. pl.
 * (regional or archaic) article 3: alt of li § article before vowels, spec. /i/
 * pronoun 3: opt alt of li § pronoun before vowels
 * f. pl.
 * (regional or archaic) article 4: alt of le § article before vowels, spec. /e/
 * pronoun 4: opt alt of le § pronoun before vowels
 * i: m. pl. (colloquial tuscan pronunciation spelling:  pronounced /°/, archaic e)
 * article 1: plural of il
 * (nonstandard) article 2: plural of il in all contextes
 * ': m. pl.
 * (tuscan) pronounciation spelling of i /°/
 * gli: m. pl. (rare alt spelling gl', before /i/)
 * article: plural of lo § article = alt of i|i § article 1 before impure s, gn, x, z and vowels = plural of il before ... (regional: li, i)
 * !!! for pronoun sense see in pronoun section !!!
 * li: m. pl (regional: i|li: m. pl (regional: i § article 2)
 * (regional) article: plural of il in al contextes, displacing i|il in al contextes, displacing i § article 1 and gli
 * pronoun: plural of lo § pronoun
 * misspelling of lì
 * le: f. pl (regional: 'e)
 * article: plural of la § article = feminine plural of il
 * pronoun: plural of la § pronoun = feminine plural of lo § pronoun

Prepositions

 * de
 * (fossil) alt of di before other particles
 * now always spelled univerbed: de lo > dello, de gli > degli, de il > del, except when not possible eg: una scena de "Il servitore di due padroni".
 * (regional) alt of di in all contexts
 * co'
 * (tuscan) coi (con i) | /ko°/
 * (regional) con (alt spelling co) | /ko*/
 * alt spelling of co ("head") | /kɔ*/
 * pe'
 * (tuscan) pei (per i) | /pe°/
 * (regional) per | /pe*/
 * 'n
 * (regional or archaic literary) in
 * (regional) un
 * (regional) non

Pronouns

 * io (regional and poetic: io (regional and poetic: i' § pronoun, eo, eo, e' § pronoun 2)
 * i'
 * (dated) pronoun: io /i°/
 * (dated) adverb: ivi /i°/
 * (tuscan) article: pronounciation spelling of il | /i*/
 * e'
 * (dated) pronoun 1: ei (egli) | /e°/
 * (dated) pronoun 2: eo (io) | /e°/
 * verb: (due to tecnical limitations) è | /ɛ*/
 * me pronoun
 * 1: accusative of io | /'me*/
 * 2: alt of mi before other particles | /me/
 * (regional) 3: alt of mi in all contexts | /me/
 * te pronoun
 * 1: accusative of tu | /'te*/
 * (regional, tuscan) 2: syn of tu | /'te*/
 * 3: alt of ti before other particles | /te/
 * (regional) 4: alt of ti in all contexts | /te/
 * gli (regional: glie)
 * !!! for article sense look in determinate article section !!!
 * pronoun 1: dative of egli
 * (familiar, not proscribed i believe, though not recommended in literary works) pronoun 2: dative of essi = loro
 * (common yet proscribed) pronoun 3: dative of ella
 * glie pronoun
 * (now usually fossil) 1: alt of gli § pronoun 1 before other particles (also the proscribred gli § pronoun 2)
 * note: now common practice is to univerb the construction which use this: glie lo is now usually spelled glielo, glie ne > gliene, etc.
 * (regional) alt of gli in all contexts
 * lui
 * accusative of egli
 * (now standard) syn of egli in all contexts
 * lei
 * accusative of ella
 * (now standard) syn of ella in all contexts
 * loro
 * genitive/dative/accusative of essi
 * (now standard) syn of essi in all contexts
 * ci (regional: ce)
 * pronoun: dative of noi
 * adverb? (isn't it like a, spatial pronoun?): "here"
 * ce
 * pronoun
 * 1: alt of ci before other particles
 * (regional) 2: alt of ci in all contexts
 * adverb
 * 1: alt of ci before other particles
 * (regional) 2: alt of ci in all contexts
 * verb: misspelling of c'è
 * vi (regional: ve)
 * ve pronoun
 * 1: alt of vi before other particles
 * (regional) 2: alt of vi in all contexts

Initial gemination

 * qua, qui, lì, là, così, ciò, chiesa, Dio