User:Chuterix/Proto-Japonic/Proper nouns

Even Japanese proper nouns can be used to help with etymology and PJ reconstruction.

PJ : Various Itoko names are also spelled as Itsuko (< possibly dialectal/variant OJ *ituko1), include, , , , , , , and.

As we can see here, these names are related to and the Proto-Japonic above. In Old Japanese, this was spelled as ito1ko1. The final -ko element has always consistently been replaced by in analogy to other names spelled with this word. As already stated the ko child word was from OJ ko1, and itoko was derived from this ko1, so the phonology is still indifferent, as this also was shakkun kanji for ko1. Now, on the itsuko readings, it is always spelled as, used for both to1 and tu in OJ. We must assume these names are a result of vowel-raising, ignoring that go-on is tu and kan-on to. So if this the case, there's evidence for PJ root *ito-, not **itua or **itau.

An analysis of phonetic spellings:

This historical analysis reveals these names were often spelled as ito1- (*), further confirming. One shakkun reading 絲 also confirms Old Japanese ITO1 'thread', not *ITO2, so more evidence for PJ in additional to.

OJ : This is not phonographically attested in OJ. In the Wamyo, this is spelled as EMJ. The surname is probably a remnant of OJ and the nasal deleted making it unvoiced. Another Kudara surname is spelled with, the Chinese and jukujikun name for Baekje. So this reading is proven.

Modern Japanese : This is not attested in Old Japanese. But compare names prefixed with Niga-:
 * (freq. 4; surnames) 仁賀保 (*nigapo) means 'bitter ear of grain'
 * (freq. 1 仁我浦 'Nigaura', place name)
 * placename surname alt 仁賀木 (only surname)
 * surname
 * surname
 * surname
 * placename
 * , possibly a variant of Nigaki; this is surname
 * placename
 * placename
 * surname
 * unknown person name
 * unknown person name