User:I'm so meta even this acronym/Sextus Empiricus


 * ante AD 210, (author),  (editor), R.G. Bury (translator), Πρὸς μαθηματικούς in Sextus Empiricus, with an English translation…in four volumes,, volume IV: Against the professors (1949), American ISBN 0674994205, British ISBN 0434993824, book ʹΑ: Πρὸς γραμματικούς, chapter ʹΕ: Περὶ τοῦ τεχνικοῦ τῆς γραμματικῆς μέρους, § 103 (page 60):
 * καὶ μὴν κοινῶς τῶν συμφώνων πάλιν τὰ μὲν φύσει δασέα λέγουσι τὰ δὲ ψιλά, καὶ δασέα μὲν θ φ χ, ψιλὰ δὲ κ π τ· μόνον δέ φασι τὸ ρ ἐπιδέχεσθαι ἑκάτερον, δασύτητα καὶ ψιλότητα. λέγουσι δέ τινα τῶν συμφώνων καὶ διπλᾶ, καθάπερ τὸ ζ ξ ψ· συνεστηκέναι γάρ φασι τὸ μὲν ζ ἐκ τοῦ σ καὶ δ, τὸ δὲ ξ ἐκ τοῦ κ καὶ σ, τὸ δὲ ψ ἐκ τοῦ π καὶ σ.
 * Moreover, of the consonants again in general they say that some are naturally “rough” (or aspirated), others “smooth” (or without the aspirate), the “rough” being θ φ χ, and the “smooth” κ π τ; and ρ alone, they say, admits of either breathing, the “rough” or the “smooth.” They declare also that some of the consonants are “twofold,” such as ζ ξ ψ; for ζ, they say, is composed of σ and δ, ξ of κ and σ, ψ of π and σ. — translation from the same source, page 61
 * ante AD 210, (author),  (editor), R.G. Bury (translator), Πρὸς μαθηματικούς in Sextus Empiricus, with an English translation…in four volumes,, volume IV: Against the professors (1949), American ISBN 0674994205, British ISBN 0434993824, book ʹΑ: Πρὸς γραμματικούς, chapter ʹΕ: Περὶ τοῦ τεχνικοῦ τῆς γραμματικῆς μέρους, § 106 (page 62):
 * ἀλλ᾽ ὁ μὲν χαρακτὴρ κατ᾽ ἰδίαν οὐκ ἔστι κοινοῦ φύσει στοιχείου μηνυτικός. οὔτε γὰρ ὅτι μηκύνεται οὔθ᾽ ὅτι βραχύνεται οὔθ᾽ ὅτι τὸ συναμφότερον καὶ μηκύνεται καὶ βραχύνεται ἐμφαίνει· ἀλλ᾽ ὃν τρόπον ἡ δι᾽ αὐτοῦ συλλαβή, καθάπερ εἴρηται ἐπὶ τῆς Ἆρες λέξεως, οὐ χωρὶς τῆς προστιθεμένης προσῳδίας οὔτ᾽ εἰ μακρά ἐστιν οὔτ᾽ εἰ βραχεῖα γινώσκεται, οὕτω καὶ τὸ α ι υ κατ᾽ ἰδίαν λαμβανόμενα οὐ κοινὰ ἑκατέρας ἔσται δυνάμεως ἀλλ᾽ οὐδετέρας.
 * But the character is not of itself indicative of an element naturally “common,” for it does not show clearly that it is long or that it is short or that it is at once both long and short; but just as it is not known about the syllable formed by it,— as we said in the case of the word Ἆρες — whether it is long or short apart from the added tension, so also the letters α ι and υ taken by themselves will not be “common” and having either quantity, but will have neither. — translation from the same source, page 63
 * ante AD 210, (author),  (editor), R.G. Bury (translator), Πρὸς μαθηματικούς in Sextus Empiricus, with an English translation…in four volumes,, volume IV: Against the professors (1949), American ISBN 0674994205, British ISBN 0434993824, book ʹΑ: Πρὸς γραμματικούς, chapter ʹΕ: Περὶ τοῦ τεχνικοῦ τῆς γραμματικῆς μέρους, § 107 (page 62):
 * λείπεται οὖν σὺν προσῳδίᾳ λέγειν αὐτὸ κοινὸν ὑπάρχειν. ὃ πάλιν ἐστὶν ἀμήχανον· προσλαμβάνον γὰρ ταύτην ἢ μακρὸν γίνεται, ὅτε ἔστι μακρά, ἢ βραχύ, ὅτε ἔστι βραχεῖα, κοινὸν δὲ οὐδέποτε. οὐκ ἄρα ἔστι φύσει δίχρονα στοιχεῖα.
 * It remains, then, to say that the letter is “common” when conjoined with tension. But this again is impossible; for when the letter takes the tension it becomes either long, when the tension is long, or short when it is short, but never “common.” Hence, elements “dichronous” by nature do not exist. — translation from the same source, page 63
 * ante AD 210, (author),  (editor), R.G. Bury (translator), Πρὸς μαθηματικούς in Sextus Empiricus, with an English translation…in four volumes,, volume IV: Against the professors (1949), American ISBN 0674994205, British ISBN 0434993824, book ʹΑ: Πρὸς γραμματικούς, chapter ʹΕ: Περὶ τοῦ τεχνικοῦ τῆς γραμματικῆς μέρους, § 109 (page 64):
 * παρ᾽ ἣν αἰτίαν ἀδύνατον περισπωμένην βραχεῖαν γενέσθαι, διὰ τὸ τῷ περισπασμῷ κατ᾽ ἀνάγκην συνυφίστασθαι τὴν ἐπέκτασιν.
 * And for this reason it is impossible for a circumflexed letter to be short, since the lengthening necessarily co-exists with the circumflex. — translation from the same source, page 65
 * ante AD 210, (author),  (editor), R.G. Bury (translator), Πρὸς μαθηματικούς in Sextus Empiricus, with an English translation…in four volumes,, volume IV: Against the professors (1949), American ISBN 0674994205, British ISBN 0434993824, book ʹΑ: Πρὸς γραμματικούς, chapter ʹΕ: Περὶ τοῦ τεχνικοῦ τῆς γραμματικῆς μέρους, § 111 (page 64):
 * Ὁ δ᾽ αὐτὸς τῆς ἐπιχειρήσεως τρόπος γινέσθω καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν φύσει ψιλῶν ἢ δασέων ἢ καθ᾽ ἑκάτερον κοινῶν· ἡμῖν δὲ ἀπόχρη τὸ γένος τῆς ἐπιχειρήσεως ὑποδεῖξαι.
 * Let the same method of attack be employed in the case of the elements which are “smooth” or “rough,” or “common,” as taking either breathing. We content ourselves here with merely indicating the kind of the attack. — translation from the same source, page 65
 * ante AD 210, (author),  (editor), R.G. Bury (translator), Πρὸς μαθηματικούς in Sextus Empiricus, with an English translation…in four volumes,, volume IV: Against the professors (1949), American ISBN 0674994205, British ISBN 0434993824, book ʹΑ: Πρὸς γραμματικούς, chapter ʹΕ: Περὶ τοῦ τεχνικοῦ τῆς γραμματικῆς μέρους, § 113 (page 66):
 * ἀλλ᾽ ἐπεὶ οὐ δύο μόνον ὑπειλήφασιν εἶναι προσῳδίας γραμματικῶν παῖδες, τήν τε μακρὰν καὶ βραχεῖαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ ὀξεῖαν βαρεῖαν περισπωμένην δασεῖαν ψιλήν, ἕκαστον τῶν ὑποδεδειγμένων φωναέντων ἔχον τινὰ τούτων κατ᾽ ἰδίαν προσῳδίαν γενήσεται στοιχεῖον· καὶ ᾧ λόγῳ οὐδὲν ἦν κοινὸν μήκους τε καὶ βραχύτητος στοιχεῖον, ἀλλ᾽ ἢ μακρὸν μόνον, ὅτ᾽ εἶχε τὴν μακράν, ἢ βραχύ, ὅτ᾽ εἶχε τὴν βραχεῖαν, τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ οὐδὲν ἔσται κοινὸν ὀξύτητος καὶ βαρύτητος, ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ὀξὺ μόνον, ὅτε προσειλήφει τὴν ὀξεῖαν, ἢ βαρύ, ὅτε τὴν βαρεῖαν. καὶ ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων τὸ ἀνάλογον. ἐπεὶ οὖν τὰ μὲν βραχέα δύ᾽ ὄντα ἀνὰ πέντε ἐπιδέχεται προσῳδίας, βραχεῖαν ὀξεῖαν βαρεῖαν δασεῖαν ψιλήν, δέκα γενήσεται.
 * But since the School of Grammarians have assumed that there are not only two tensions, the long and the short, but also the acute, the grave, the circumflex, the rough and the smooth, each of the vowels indicated having some one of these tensions peculiar to itself will become an element; and just as we found that an element was never “common” in respect of length and brevity but was either long only, when it had the long tension added, or short when it had the short, so, by the same reasoning, an element will never be “common” in respect of acuteness and gravity, but will be acute only, when it has received the acute added, or grave, when it has received the grave. So also with the others. Since, then, the short elements, being two, admit of five tensions apiece,— the short, the acute, the grave, the rough and the smooth,— they will become ten. — translation from the same source, page 67
 * ante AD 210, (author),  (editor), R.G. Bury (translator), Πρὸς μαθηματικούς in Sextus Empiricus, with an English translation…in four volumes,, volume IV: Against the professors (1949), American ISBN 0674994205, British ISBN 0434993824, book ʹΑ: Πρὸς γραμματικούς, chapter ʹΕ: Περὶ τοῦ τεχνικοῦ τῆς γραμματικῆς μέρους, § 114 (page 66):
 * τὰ δὲ μακρὰ πάλιν δύο ὄντα εἰ ἐκ περισσοῦ προσλαμβάνει καὶ τὴν προσῳδίαν τὴν περισπωμένην (μηκύνεται γὰρ ταῦτα καὶ ὀξύνεται καὶ βαρύνεται καὶ δασύνεται καὶ ψιλοῦται καὶ ἰδιαίτερον περισπᾶσθαι πέφυκε), γενήσεται δώδεκα.
 * The long ones, again, which are two, if they receive the further addition of the circumflex,— for these elements can naturally take the circumflex as their own special tension as well as the long, the acute, the grave, the rough and the smooth,— will become twelve. — translation from the same source, page 67
 * ante AD 210, (author),  (editor), R.G. Bury (translator), Πρὸς μαθηματικούς in Sextus Empiricus, with an English translation…in four volumes,, volume IV: Against the professors (1949), American ISBN 0674994205, British ISBN 0434993824, book ʹϚ: Πρὸς μουσικούς, §§ 41–42 (page 392):
 * ὅταν μὲν οὖν ἐπ᾽ ἴσης ἐκφέρηται ἡ φωνὴ καὶ ὑπὸ μίαν τάσιν, ὡς μηδένα περισπασμὸν γίνεσθαι τῆς αἰσθήσεως ἤτοι ἐπὶ τὸ βαρύτερον ἢ τὸ ὀξύτερον, τότε ὁ τοιοῦτος ἦχος φθόγγος καλεῖται, παρὸ καὶ οἱ μουσικοὶ ὑπογράφοντές φασι “φθόγγος ἐστὶν ἐμμελοῦς φωνῆς πτῶσις ὑπὸ μίαν τάσιν.”
 * Whenever, then, the sound is expelled evenly and at one “tension” (or “pitch”), so that there is no diversion of the sense towards the “grave” or the “sharp,” then such a sound is called a “note,” and so the Musicians say in their definitions “A note is the fall under one tension of a musical sound.” — translation from the same source, page 393