User:Nominkhana arslang/sandbox

Grammar
Like other Mongolic languages, Kalmyk is an agglutinative, suffixing, and a genderless language. Some aspects of its syntax have been influenced by Russian; for example, relative clauses, traditionally characterized by left-branching and employing a converbial form of a verb (similarly to Japanese), now often use Russian relative pronoun который and thus exhibit right-branching. Other noticeable feature possibly influenced by Russian is frequent usage of future participle as a predicate of a sentence to express future tense. There is little to none suppletion (irregular forms) in verbal inflection and noun conjugation

Nouns
Traditionally, Kalmyk cases are said to have three declensions; however, this is mostly due to orthographical peculiarities. Basically, if the word ends in a full vowel and the case ending begins in a vowel, either (1) a prothetic /g/ or /ʁ/ is added or (2) a vowel is deleted from the case ending. This is further demonstrated in the table below.


 * {| class="wikitable"

! Case !! Suffix (Cyrillic) !! Suffix (IPA) !! Clear Script spelling
 * +Kalmyk noun cases
 * +Kalmyk noun cases
 * nominative || -∅ || -∅
 * genitive || -ин; -һин; -н; -ә; -i || -in; -ʁin; -n; -æ; -i
 * dative || -д; -т || -də; -tə
 * accusative || -иг; -г; ∅ || -igə; -gə; ∅
 * ablative || -ас; -әс; -һас; -һәс || -asə; -æsə; -ʁasə; -ʁæsə
 * instrumental || -ар; -әр; -һар; -һәр || -ar; -ær; ʁar; ʁær
 * comitative || -та; -тә || -ta; -tæ
 * directive || -ур; -үр; -һур; -һүр || -ur; -yr; -ʁur; -ʁyr
 * }
 * ablative || -ас; -әс; -һас; -һәс || -asə; -æsə; -ʁasə; -ʁæsə
 * instrumental || -ар; -әр; -һар; -һәр || -ar; -ær; ʁar; ʁær
 * comitative || -та; -тә || -ta; -tæ
 * directive || -ур; -үр; -һур; -һүр || -ur; -yr; -ʁur; -ʁyr
 * }
 * directive || -ур; -үр; -һур; -һүр || -ur; -yr; -ʁur; -ʁyr
 * }
 * }