User:Rajakhan120

Panjistani: The language of North Panjab (Greater Pothwar or Panjistan region) and Azad Kashmir By Mohammad Afzal London uk ( 1992).

Introduction

Starting from Sir George Gierson, Christopher Shackle and Lastly by Mohammad Afzal London UK (1992) which was largely left out by pro-indian elements who confused the historic and cultural separation of Eastern or jurghda lanaguge grouping from the Greater Lahnda or Westeen language groupin.

Basically, Gierson termed Lahnda groupings which were influenced by Sindhi and partially by Kashmiri (or Dardic lanaguages) that he  separated from Eastern or  Jurghda grouping eg Eastern Panjabi and Dogri which were influenced by West Hindi dialects.

Although Gierson made some important contributions to Lahnda lanaguges it is unfortunate that his internal classification which is not generally not accepted by most experts and laymen.

After him Shackle did some research but his eventual rejection of the Lahnda concept (under pressure maybe from the pro-indian linguistic imperalists and  his dodgy schemes of classification completely destroyed his earlier reputation) that his work nowdays  is rather insignificant and useless for most experts and laymen for any serious discussion.

It is only recently that Mohammad Afzal has both defended Lahnda and managed to re-organise and re-define the internal classification of the Greater Lahnda concept.

He further managed to divided the Jurdga or Eastern grouping into Northern and southern clusters which he termed Modern Dogri and Modern Eastern Panjabi, respectively.

SUMMARY.

Mohammad Afzal's CLASSIFICATION OF LAHNDA

NORTHERN LAHNDA(POTHWARI/DHANNI POONCHI/MIRPURI)= PANJISTANI

SOUTHERN LAHNDA( MULTANI/SINDHI SERAIKI/RAYSATI) = SERAIKI

WESTERN LAHNDA(PESHWARI/KOHATI)= HINDKO

AFZAL'S classification of Jurghda

Northern Jurghda = modern Dogri

southern Jurghda = modern Eastern Panjabi.