User:Rua/Modern Germanic

Imagine what things would have been like if people still spoke the old Germanic language. Of course a modern language would need words for modern concepts. What words would they use for things that didn't exist two thousand years ago? I've made a short list of words that those people might have coined if they still lived today.

If you have any to add, go right ahead!

Electronics

 * audiobook:
 * (Latin )
 * ("sound book", Icelandic, Swedish )
 * camera:
 * *kamerō (Latin )
 * ("image device")
 * electricity:
 * ("amber power", Icelandic with a different word for "amber")
 * *ēlihtrikitāts (Latin  + )
 * photograph:
 * *fōtografō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *bōwadakurbō (PIE )
 * (calque)
 * printer:
 * ("presser", Dutch, also a calque of )
 * (Latin + )
 * (PIE )
 * radio:
 * ("soundcast", Icelandic )
 * *radjaz (Latin )
 * television:
 * ("visioncast", Icelandic )
 * *tīliwīsijǭ (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * *hwēliwīsijǭ (PIE )
 * telephone:
 * (calque of telephone)
 * (“far-speaker”, German Fernsprecher, English farspeaker)
 * *tīlifōnō (Ancient Greek  + Ancient Greek )
 * *hwēlibōnō (PIE )
 * videogame:
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )

Social media

 * Facebook:
 * (Latin )
 * Instagram:
 * *Īnstagrammô (Latin  + Ancient Greek )
 * LinkedIn:
 * Reddit:
 * Skype:
 * (Latin )
 * Twitter:
 * Whatsapp:
 * (Latin )
 * YouTube:
 * (Latin )
 * (Latin )
 * YouTube:
 * (Latin )
 * (Latin )

Computing

 * central processing unit (CPU):
 * (Icelandic )
 * prōkessārijaz (German )
 * code (noun):
 * *kōdeks (Latin )
 * code (verb):
 * coding:
 * computer:
 * *rahnijandz
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )
 * (calque of above)
 * hard drive:
 * hardware:
 * internet:
 * ("all-net", Icelandic/Faroese )
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )
 * keyboard:
 * (Latin -> French, Dutch )
 * *tahsitātūrō (Latin  +  +  -> German )
 * laptop:
 * motherboard:
 * overwrite:
 * (English )
 * (German, Dutch )
 * password:
 * ("key word", Icelandic )
 * (Latin )
 * processor:
 * (Latin )
 * program:
 * *prugramma (t-stem) (Ancient Greek )
 * *frakurbmun (d-stem) (PIE )
 * (Icelandic )
 * programming:
 * programming language:
 * software:
 * username:
 * variable:
 * *warjābiliz (Latin )
 * webcam:
 * kamerō
 * webpage:
 * pāginō (Latin )
 * website:
 * situz (Latin )
 * software:
 * username:
 * variable:
 * *warjābiliz (Latin )
 * webcam:
 * kamerō
 * webpage:
 * pāginō (Latin )
 * website:
 * situz (Latin )
 * webpage:
 * pāginō (Latin )
 * website:
 * situz (Latin )

Sport

 * badminton:
 * (German )
 * basketball:
 * (Latin )
 * boxing:
 * ("fist games", Icelandic with a different word for "fist")
 * football:
 * martial art:
 * *mārtijāliz arts (Latin  + )
 * netball:
 * sport:
 * (Icelandic )
 * *(di)spurtaz (Latin  + )
 * sportsman:
 * (Icelandic with a different word for "man")
 * *aþlētaz (Ancient Greek )
 * sportswoman:
 * (Icelandic )
 * *aþlētinī (Ancient Greek  + )
 * table tennis:
 * tenaiþs (English  with a different word for "table")
 * tennis:
 * *tenētes (second person plural infinitive of Latin )
 * (using Germanic inflection)
 * (PIE )
 * tennis ball:
 * table tennis:
 * tenaiþs (English  with a different word for "table")
 * tennis:
 * *tenētes (second person plural infinitive of Latin )
 * (using Germanic inflection)
 * (PIE )
 * tennis ball:

Transport

 * airplane:
 * ("flight device", German, Western Frisian , Dutch )
 * *āerplāną (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * *auzērflōną (PIE )
 * airport:
 * ("flight harbour", German )
 * ("air harbour", Dutch, Danish )
 * *āerpurtūz (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * *auzērfardūz (PIE )
 * astronaut:
 * *astrunautaz, (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *kusmunautaz, (Ancient Greek  + )
 * , ("space traveller", German )
 * , ("star sailor", calque)
 * bicycle:
 * *bikiklaz (Latin  + )
 * *twiguglaz (PIE )
 * ("ride wheel", Dutch, German )
 * *wēlōkipēdz (Latin  +  -> French )
 * bus:
 * *busaz
 * *umnimaz (Latin )
 * *abnimaz (PIE )
 * ("street wagon", Icelandic with a different word for "street")
 * bus driver:
 * (male)
 * (female)
 * bus station:
 * *busastatjǭ (Latin )
 * bus stop:
 * ("bus holding place", German with a different word for "place")
 * car:
 * (Western Frisian wein, Dutch wagen)
 * ("power cart", German, Dutch )
 * ("self-mover", calque of )
 * *karraz (Latin )
 * conductor:
 * (Latin, male)
 * (female)
 * flight:
 * junction:
 * *jūnhtijǭ (Latin )
 * monorail:
 * *munurēgulō (Ancient Greek, Latin )
 * ("one rail", German, Norwegian )
 * motorcycle:
 * *mōtōrkiklaz (Latin  + )
 * ("motor wheel", Icelandic, German )
 * motorway:
 * (English, Swedish )
 * (English )
 * (Ancient Greek -> German )
 * (PIE )
 * ("fast path", Icelandic )
 * pilot:
 * *pēdōtō (Ancient Greek  -> Italian, male)
 * (female)
 * platform:
 * *platufōrmō (Ancient Greek  + Latin  -> French )
 * (German )
 * railway:
 * ("ironway", Swedish )
 * ("trailway", Dutch, Swedish )
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )
 * railway station:
 * ("waiting place")
 * ("track court", German with a different word for "track")
 * *statjǭ (Latin )
 * *stadjǭ (PIE )
 * space ship:
 * ("space ship", German )
 * (Latin )
 * subway:
 * (Latin )
 * (English )
 * (German )
 * *mētraz (Ancient Greek  -> French )
 * terminus:
 * *terminaz (Latin )
 * statjǭ ("end station", German, Danish )
 * train:
 * ("track-cart puller")
 * train driver:
 * (male)
 * (female)
 * train wagon:
 * ("track-cart")
 * tram:
 * ("street track", German with a different word for "street")
 * ("street track", German with a different word for "street")

Branches

 * anthropology:
 * ("person wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *anþrōpulugjō (Ancient Greek )
 * astronomy:
 * ("star wisdom", Icelandic, Dutch )
 * *astranumjō (Ancient Greek )
 * *stranamjō (PIE )
 * biology:
 * ("life wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *bialugjō (Latin )
 * *kwikwalakjō (PIE )
 * chemistry:
 * ("separation wisdom", Dutch )
 * *hēmījō (Ancient Greek )
 * geography:
 * ("land wisdom", Icelandic )
 * ("earth realm wisdom", Dutch )
 * *geōgrafjō (Ancient Greek )
 * geology:
 * ("earth wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *geōlugjō (Latin )
 * linguistics:
 * (English )
 * (German )
 * *lingwistikō (Latin  +  + )
 * (PIE + )
 * mathematics:
 * ("learny", calque of )
 * ("size wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *maþēmatikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *mundēmundigaz (PIE )
 * mechanics:
 * ("work wisdom")
 * *mēhanikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * medicine:
 * ("doctor wisdom", Icelandic )
 * ("healing wisdom", Dutch )
 * *midikīnō (Latin )
 * *metigīnō (PIE )
 * meteorology:
 * ("weather wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *meteōrulugjō (Latin )
 * ornithology:
 * ("bird wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *urniþulugjō (Latin )
 * physics:
 * ("nature wisdom", Icelandic with a different word for "nature")
 * *fisikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *būdigaz (PIE )
 * psychology:
 * ("soul wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *fsīhalugjō (Ancient Greek )
 * zoology:
 * ("animal wisdom", Icelandic )
 * *zō(j)alugjō (Ancient Greek )

Scientists

 * biologist:
 * (Icelandic )
 * scientist:
 * *skijentistaz (English, male)
 * (female)
 * (German, male)
 * (German, female)
 * (Swedish, male)
 * (female)

Particles

 * atom:
 * ("first unit", Icelandic )
 * ("undivided", calque of )
 * *atumaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *undamaz (PIE )
 * baryon:
 * *barjand (Ancient Greek )
 * boson:
 * *basand (Bengali )
 * electron:
 * ("amber unit", Icelandic, compare "electricity" above)
 * *ēlehtrand (Ancient Greek )
 * fermion:
 * *firmījand (Latin )
 * gluon:
 * *glū(t)and (Latin )
 * graviton:
 * *gravitand (Latin )
 * hadron:
 * *hadrand (Ancient Greek )
 * kaon:
 * *kāand (Latin )
 * lepton:
 * *leftand (Ancient Greek )
 * meson:
 * *mesand (Ancient Greek )
 * molecule:
 * ("together-unit", Icelandic )
 * *mōlikulō (Latin )
 * muon:
 * *mījand (Ancient Greek )
 * neutron:
 * ("sister unit", Icelandic with a different word for "sister")
 * *neutrand (Latin )
 * -on:
 * (neuter form of Ancient Greek )
 * pion:
 * *pījand (Ancient Greek )
 * photon:
 * ("light unit", Icelandic )
 * *fōtand (Ancient Greek )
 * proton:
 * ("root unit", Icelandic )
 * *prōtand (Ancient Greek )
 * quark:
 * *twāragaz (Proto-Slavic )

Elements

 * hydrogen:
 * ("water essence", Dutch )
 * *hidraginaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *utrakinaz (z-stem) (PIE )
 * helium:
 * ("sun essence", from Greek )
 * *sōwulją (PIE )
 * lithium:
 * ("stone essence")
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * beryllium:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * boron:
 * *baurô (Latin )
 * carbon:
 * ("coal essence", Dutch )
 * *karbô (Latin )
 * nitrogen:
 * ("quelling essence", Danish, Dutch )
 * *nitraginaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek  + )
 * oxygen:
 * ("acid essence", Dutch, Icelandic )
 * *uhsuginaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek  + )
 * fluorine:
 * ("flow essence")
 * *fluōrīnō (Latin )
 * neon:
 * ("new essence")
 * *neą (Ancient Greek )
 * *newą (PIE )
 * sodium:
 * ("lye essence")
 * *natriją (Latin )
 * magnesium:
 * *magnīsiją (Latin )
 * aluminium:
 * *alūminją (Latin )
 * silicon:
 * ("sand essence")
 * *silikô (Latin )
 * phosphorus:
 * ("illuminating essence")
 * *fōsfuraz (Ancient Greek )
 * *baazbaraz (PIE )
 * sulphur:
 * chlorine:
 * ("green essence")
 * *hlōrīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * *gularīnaz (PIE )
 * argon:
 * ("lazy essence")
 * *ārgą (Ancient Greek )
 * *unwerką (PIE )
 * potassium:
 * ("pot" + "ash")
 * *kalją (Latin )
 * calcium:
 * ("lime essence")
 * *kalkiją (Latin )
 * scandium:
 * (through Latin )
 * titanium:
 * *tītāniją (Ancient Greek )
 * chromium:
 * ("colour essence")
 * *hrōmiją (Ancient Greek )
 * manganese:
 * *manganīsi
 * iron:
 * cobalt:
 * nickel:
 * *nīkulaz (Ancient Greek )
 * copper:
 * zinc:
 * gallium:
 * *galją (Latin )
 * germanium:
 * *germāniją (Latin )
 * arsenic:
 * *arsiniką (Ancient Greek )
 * selenium:
 * ("moon essence")
 * *silīniją (Ancient Greek )
 * bromine:
 * ("stench essence")
 * *brōmīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * krypton:
 * ("hidden essence")
 * *kriftą (Ancient Greek )
 * rubidium:
 * ("red essence")
 * *rubidją (Latin )
 * strontium:
 * *strugnōsīdazją (Proto-Celtic  + Proto-Celtic )
 * yttrium:
 * niobium:
 * *niubją (Ancient Greek )
 * molybdenum:
 * *mulibdainą (Ancient Greek )
 * technetium:
 * *tihnītiją (Ancient Greek )
 * rhodium:
 * *hrudją (Ancient Greek )
 * palladium:
 * *palladją (Ancient Greek )
 * silver:
 * cadmium:
 * *kadmiją (Ancient Greek )
 * indium:
 * *indi(k)ją (Latin )
 * tin:
 * antimony:
 * *antimunją (Latin )
 * *stibją (Latin )
 * tellurium:
 * ("Earth essence")
 * *tellūziją (Latin )
 * iodine:
 * ("purple essence")
 * *ijōdīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * xenon:
 * ("foreign essence")
 * *seną (Ancient Greek )
 * caesium:
 * *kaisiją (Latin )
 * barium:
 * ("heavy essence")
 * *barją (Ancient Greek )
 * (PIE )
 * lanthanum:
 * *lanþaną (Ancient Greek )
 * cerium:
 * *kerją (Latin )
 * praseodymium:
 * *prasiudimją (Ancient Greek  + )
 * neodymium:
 * *niudimją (Ancient Greek  + )
 * promethium:
 * *prumīþiją (Ancient Greek )
 * europium:
 * *eurōpiją (Ancient Greek )
 * terbium:
 * dysprosium:
 * *disprusją (Ancient Greek )
 * holmium:
 * erbium:
 * thulium:
 * *þūliją (Ancient Greek )
 * ytterbium:
 * lutetium:
 * *lutitją (Latin )
 * hafnium:
 * tantalum:
 * *tantalą (Ancient Greek )
 * tungsten:
 * rhenium:
 * osmium:
 * *usmiją (Ancient Greek )
 * iridium:
 * *īridją (Ancient Greek )
 * platinum:
 * *platīną (Ancient Greek )
 * gold:
 * mercury:
 * ("quick silver", English, Dutch )
 * *merkurjaz (Latin )
 * thallium:
 * *þalją (Ancient Greek )
 * lead:
 * bismuth:
 * (Latin )
 * polonium:
 * *pulunją (Latin )
 * astatine:
 * *astatīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * radon:
 * *radą (Latin )
 * francium:
 * radium:
 * *radją (Latin )
 * actinium:
 * *ahtīniją (Ancient Greek )
 * thorium:
 * protactinium:
 * *prōtahtīniją (Ancient Greek  + )
 * uranium:
 * *ūranją (Ancient Greek )
 * neptunium:
 * *neftūniją (Latin )
 * plutonium:
 * *plūtōniją (Ancient Greek )
 * americium:
 * curium:
 * *kūriją (Latin )
 * berkelium:
 * einsteinium:
 * fermium:
 * *firmiją (Latin )
 * lawrencium:
 * *laurintiją (Latin )
 * rutherfordium:
 * seaborgium:
 * moscovium:
 * *maskawją (Proto-Slavic )
 * *maskūją
 * oganesson:
 * *jōannēsą (Ancient Greek, via Armenian , via )
 * uranium:
 * *ūranją (Ancient Greek )
 * neptunium:
 * *neftūniją (Latin )
 * plutonium:
 * *plūtōniją (Ancient Greek )
 * americium:
 * curium:
 * *kūriją (Latin )
 * berkelium:
 * einsteinium:
 * fermium:
 * *firmiją (Latin )
 * lawrencium:
 * *laurintiją (Latin )
 * rutherfordium:
 * seaborgium:
 * moscovium:
 * *maskawją (Proto-Slavic )
 * *maskūją
 * oganesson:
 * *jōannēsą (Ancient Greek, via Armenian , via )
 * moscovium:
 * *maskawją (Proto-Slavic )
 * *maskūją
 * oganesson:
 * *jōannēsą (Ancient Greek, via Armenian , via )

Other materials

 * magnet:
 * ("guidestone", English )
 * halogen:
 * ("salt essence")

Epidemiology/pathology

 * bacterium:
 * *bahterją (Ancient Greek )
 * ("little rod", calque)


 * cancer:
 * *kankraz (Latin )
 * ("crab sickness")


 * coronavirus:
 * *kurōnōwīraz (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * *haraunōwīzaz (PIE )


 * disease:
 * *disadjakandz (Latin  + )
 * (PIE )


 * epidemic:
 * *epidīmikaz (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *ebitōmigaz (PIE )


 * fever:
 * *febriz (Latin )
 * *dewriz (PIE )


 * herd immunity:
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )


 * hygiene:
 * *(h)igjīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * *jukwijaznō (PIE )


 * influenza:
 * *īnfluintijō (Latin )
 * (PIE )


 * lockdown:


 * outbreak:


 * pandemic:
 * *pandīmikaz (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *fantōmigaz (PIE )


 * pneumonia:
 * *pneumōnijō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *fneumōnijō (PIE )


 * quarantine:
 * *kwadragintīnō (Latin  + )
 * (calque of above)


 * respiratory droplets:
 * (Latin +  +  + )


 * SARS:
 * *siwīrō akūtō respīrātōrijō sindrumō (Latin  +  +  +  + Ancient Greek )
 * *sewērō agudō wrespīzōtrijō gantramō (PIE )


 * self-isolation:
 * (Latin + )


 * social distancing:
 * (Latin + )
 * (PIE )


 * symptom:
 * *simftōmats (Ancient Greek )
 * *samfdōmun (PIE )


 * vaccine:
 * *wakkīnaz (Latin )
 * (PIE )


 * virus:
 * *wīraz (Latin )
 * *wīzaz (PIE )


 * WHO:
 * (Ancient Greek +  + Latin )
 * (PIE )


 * zoonotic:
 * *zōanutikaz (Ancient Greek  + )

Evolutionary theory

 * evolution:
 * *ēwulūtijō (Latin )
 * ("outrolling", calque)


 * natural selection:
 * *nātūrālī sēlēhtijō (Latin  + )

Taxonomy

 * kingdom:


 * phylum:
 * *fīlą (Ancient Greek )
 * *būlą (PIE )


 * class:
 * *klassiz (Latin )


 * order:
 * *ōrdǭ (Latin )
 * *ardǭ (PIE )


 * family:
 * *familjō (Latin )
 * *damiljō (PIE )


 * genus:
 * *genaz (z-stem) (Latin )
 * *kenaz (z-stem) (PIE )
 * *kenaz (z-stem) (PIE )


 * species:
 * *spikiz (Latin )
 * *spigjō (PIE )

Animals

 * animal:
 * *animāli (Latin )
 * *anamōli (PIE )
 * *metazdō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *midikwijakwō (PIE )
 * *midikwijakwō (PIE )


 * pet:
 * (German, Swedish )


 * chordate:
 * *kurdātō (Latin )

Chordate

 * amphibian:
 * *amfibiją (Ancient Greek )


 * mammal:
 * *mammālijō (Latin )
 * *mammālijō (Latin )


 * reptile:
 * *rēftilą (Latin )

Dinosauria

 * dinosaur:
 * *dinosauraz (Ancient Greek  + )
 * ("giant lizard", Icelandic )

Mammal

 * Carnivora:
 * *Karniwurō (Latin )
 * ("flesh eater")


 * Elephant shrew:
 * *Makruskelididō (Ancient Greek  +  + + )


 * Primate:
 * *Prīmāts (Latin )
 * *Fraizummōdz (PIE )

Primate

 * Gibbon:
 * *(h)īlubatidō (Ancient Greek  +  + Latin )
 * *sulakumidō (PIE  + Latin )


 * Hominidae:
 * (Latin )
 * *Huminidō (Latin  + )


 * Old World monkey:
 * *kerkopiþīkidôz (Ancient Greek  + Latin )

Hominidae

 * Australopithecus:
 * *Australupiþikaz (Latin  + Ancient Greek )
 * ("southern ape", calque)


 * Gorilla:
 * *Gurillō (Ancient Greek )


 * Homo:
 * *Humô (Latin )
 * *Humô (Latin )


 * Pan:
 * *Pānz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Fōzô (PIE )

Homo

 * Homo sapiens:
 * *Humô sapjandz (Latin  + )
 * (PIE )


 * Homo erectus:
 * *Humô īrīhtaz (Latin  + )
 * (PIE )


 * Homo neanderthalensis:
 * (PIE )

Ursidae

 * polar bear:
 * (Latin )
 * ("white bear", Icelandic, Yiddish )
 * ("ice bear", German, Swedish )

Plants

 * plant:
 * *plantō (Latin )
 * *flōndō (PIE )
 * *flōndō (PIE )

Fungi

 * fungus:
 * *fungōz (Latin )
 * *fungōz (Latin )

Units

 * light year:
 * light month:
 * light week:
 * light day:
 * light week:
 * light day:
 * light day:

Planets

 * planet:
 * ("earth star", Icelandic )
 * (calque of "wandering star", Ancient Greek )
 * *planētiz
 * exoplanet:
 * *ehsōplanētiz (Ancient Greek  + )
 * (calque of above)
 * Mercury:
 * ("planet of Odin")
 * (Latin )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Venus:
 * ("planet of Frigg")
 * (Latin )
 * *Wenaz (z-stem) (PIE )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Mars:
 * ("planet of Tyr")
 * (Latin )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Jupiter:
 * ("planet of Thor")
 * (Latin )
 * *Tjeubadēr (PIE )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Saturn:
 * ("planet of Sif")
 * (Latin )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Uranus:
 * ("planet of Ymir")
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * (Latin )
 * Neptune:
 * ("planet of Ægir")
 * (Latin )
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * (Ancient Greek )

Stars

 * Sun:
 * Sirius:
 * *Sīrijaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Alfō Kaniz Majōriz
 * Canopus:
 * *Kanōpaz (Latin )
 * *Alfō Karīnōz
 * Alpha Centauri:
 * *Alfō Kentauras
 * *Regelaz Kentauraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρεγελος)
 * *Zalīmānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ζαλειμᾱνος)
 * *Pruhsimō Kentauras (Latin )
 * Arcturus:
 * *Arhtūraz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Alfō Buōtōz
 * Vega:
 * *Wākijaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ουᾱκεος)
 * *Alfō Lirōz
 * Capella:
 * *Kapellō (Latin )
 * *Alfō Aurīgōz
 * *Alfō Auzejakōz
 * Rigel:
 * *Regelaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρεγελος)
 * *Bētō Ōrījaz
 * Procyon:
 * *Prukjô (Ancient Greek )
 * *Alfō Kaniz Minōriz
 * Achernar:
 * *Āherannaraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ᾱχερανναρος)
 * *Alfō Ēridanas
 * Betelgeuse:
 * *Iftalgauzāaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Εβταλγαυζᾱος)
 * *Jadalgauzāaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ιαδαλγαυζᾱος)
 * *Alfō Ōrījaz
 * *Alfō Ōrījaz

Satellites

 * Moon:
 * Phobos:
 * *Fubaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Bakwaz (PIE )
 * Deimos:
 * *Dīmaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Twīmaz (PIE )
 * Io:
 * *Ījuiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Europa:
 * *Eurōpō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Wruōwō (PIE )
 * Ganymede:
 * *Ganimēdaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek )
 * Callisto:
 * *Kallistuiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Titan:
 * *Tītāniz (Ancient Greek )
 * Iapetus:
 * *Ījapetaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Rhea:
 * *Rejō (Ancient Greek )
 * Tethys:
 * *Tēþūz (Ancient Greek )
 * Dione:
 * *Djōnō (Ancient Greek )
 * Mimas:
 * *Mimānts (Ancient Greek )
 * Enceladus:
 * *Enkeladaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Titania:
 * *Tītānijō (Ancient Greek )
 * Oberon:
 * (possibly with French )
 * Ariel:
 * *Arjēlaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Umbriel:
 * *Umbrijēlaz (Latin )
 * Miranda:
 * *Mīrandō (Latin )
 * Triton:
 * *Trītǭ (Ancient Greek )
 * *Trītǭ (Ancient Greek )

Constellations

 * zodiac:
 * *zōdijakaz (Ancient Greek )
 * (calque of above)
 * Aries:
 * *Arīts (Latin )
 * Taurus:
 * *Tauraz (Latin )
 * Gemini:
 * *Giminōz (Latin )
 * *Kemanōz (PIE )
 * Cancer:
 * *Kankēr (Latin )
 * *Hurgraz (PIE )
 * Leo:
 * (Latin )
 * Virgo:
 * *Wirgô (Latin )
 * Libra:
 * *Lībrō (Latin )
 * Scorpio:
 * *Skurpijô (Latin )
 * Sagittarius:
 * (Latin )
 * Capricorn:
 * *Kaprikurnaz (Latin )
 * Aquarius:
 * (Latin )
 * (Latin )
 * Pisces:
 * *Piskīz (Latin )
 * Andromeda:
 * *Andrumidō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Narametō (PIE )
 * Aquila:
 * *Akwilō (Latin )
 * Ara:
 * *Ārō (Latin )
 * *Ōzō (PIE )
 * Auriga:
 * *Aurīgō (Latin )
 * *Auzijakō (PIE )
 * Bootes:
 * *Bwōtō (Ancient Greek )
 * Canis Major:
 * *Kaniz Majōraz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Canis Minor:
 * *Kaniz Minōraz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Cassiopeia:
 * *Kassijupījō (Ancient Greek )
 * Centaurus:
 * *Kentauraz (Ancient Greek )
 * Cepheus:
 * *Kēfēwiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Cetus:
 * *Kētaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Corona Australis:
 * *Kurōnō Austrālijō (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * Kurōnō
 * Corona Borealis:
 * *Kurōnō Burjālijō (Ancient Greek  + Latin )
 * Kurōnō
 * Corvus:
 * *Kurwaz (Latin )
 * Crater:
 * *Krātēriz (Ancient Greek )
 * Cygnus:
 * *Kiknaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Delphinus:
 * *Dilfinaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Draco:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Equuleus:
 * *Ekuljaz (Latin )
 * Eridanus:
 * *Ēridanaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Hercules:
 * *Hēraklijaz (z-stem) (Ancient Greek )
 * Hydra:
 * *(H)idrō (Ancient Greek )
 * Lepus:
 * *Lepaz (z-stem) (Latin )
 * Lupus:
 * *Lupaz (Latin )
 * Lyra:
 * *Lirō (Ancient Greek )
 * Ophiuchus:
 * *Ufjūhaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Orion:
 * *Ōrījô (Ancient Greek )
 * Pegasus:
 * *Pēgasaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Perseus:
 * *Persēwiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Piscis Austrinus:
 * *Piskiz Austrīnaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Sagitta:
 * *Sagittō (Latin )
 * Serpens:
 * *Serpandz (Latin )
 * Triangulum:
 * *Trijangulą (Latin )
 * Ursa Major:
 * *Ursō Majōrō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Ursa Minor:
 * *Ursō Minōrō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Coma Berenices:
 * *Kōmō Birinīkō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * Columba:
 * *Kulumbō (Latin )
 * Apus:
 * *Apudz (Ancient Greek )
 * Chamaeleon:
 * *Hamaileundz (Ancient Greek )
 * Dorado:
 * *Daurātaz (Latin )
 * Grus:
 * *Gruwiz (Latin )
 * Hydrus:
 * *(H)idraz (Ancient Greek )
 * (PIE )
 * Indus:
 * *Indaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Musca:
 * *Muskō (Latin )
 * Pavo:
 * Phoenix:
 * *Fuiniks (Ancient Greek )
 * Triangulum Australe:
 * *Trijangulą Austrāliz (Latin  + )
 * Tucana:
 * *Tukanō (Latin )
 * Volans:
 * *Wulants (Latin )
 * Crux:
 * *Kruks (Latin )
 * Camelopardalis:
 * *Kamēlupardaliz (Ancient Greek )
 * Monoceros:
 * *Munukerōts (Latin )
 * Canes Venatici:
 * *Kanīz Wēnātikōz (Latin  + )
 * Lacerta:
 * *Lakertō (Latin )
 * Leo Minor:
 * Minōraz (Latin  + )
 * Lynx:
 * *Linhs (Ancient Greek )
 * Scutum:
 * *Skūtą (Latin )
 * Sextans:
 * *Sehstants (Latin )
 * Vulpecula:
 * *Wulpēkulō (Latin )
 * Antlia:
 * *Antlijō (Ancient Greek )
 * Caelum:
 * *Kailą (Latin )
 * Circinus:
 * *Kirkinaz (Latin )
 * Fornax:
 * *Furnāks (Latin )
 * Horologium:
 * *(H)ōrulugją (Ancient Greek )
 * Mensa:
 * *Mēnsō (Latin )
 * Microscopium:
 * *Mīkraskupją (Latin )
 * Norma:
 * *Nurmō (Latin )
 * Octans:
 * *Uhtants (Latin )
 * Pictor:
 * *Pihtōriz (Latin )
 * Pyxis:
 * *Pihsidz (Ancient Greek )
 * Reticulum:
 * *Rētikulą (Latin )
 * Sculptor:
 * *Skulftōriz (Latin )
 * Telescopium:
 * *Tēleskupją (Latin )
 * Carina:
 * *Karīnō (Latin )
 * Puppis:
 * *Puppiz (Latin )
 * Vela:
 * *Wēlō (Latin )
 * *Mīkraskupją (Latin )
 * Norma:
 * *Nurmō (Latin )
 * Octans:
 * *Uhtants (Latin )
 * Pictor:
 * *Pihtōriz (Latin )
 * Pyxis:
 * *Pihsidz (Ancient Greek )
 * Reticulum:
 * *Rētikulą (Latin )
 * Sculptor:
 * *Skulftōriz (Latin )
 * Telescopium:
 * *Tēleskupją (Latin )
 * Carina:
 * *Karīnō (Latin )
 * Puppis:
 * *Puppiz (Latin )
 * Vela:
 * *Wēlō (Latin )

Mathematics

 * algebra
 * *algibrō (Arabic )
 * ("letter arithmetic", Icelandic )
 * algorithm:
 * *algōriþmaz (Arabic )
 * (Icelandic )
 * arithmetic
 * *ariþmētikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * (Icelandic )
 * axiom
 * *ahsijōmats (Ancient Greek )
 * *ahtijajōmun (PIE )
 * billion (109):
 * *miljardaz (French )
 * *biljunaz (English )
 * miljonaz (English )
 * calculus:
 * *kalkulaz (Latin )
 * calculator:
 * ("reckoner", German )
 * (English )
 * complex number:
 * *kumplihsaz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * *gablehsaz namizaz (PIE )
 * digit:
 * *sifrō (Arabic )
 * element:
 * *ilimintą (Latin )
 * equation:
 * (German )
 * *aikwātijǭ (Latin )
 * even:
 * formula:
 * *fōrmulō (Latin )
 * fraction:
 * *frāhtijǭ (Latin )
 * (German, Swedish )
 * function:
 * *funhtijǭ (Latin )
 * *bunhdijǭ (PIE )
 * geometry:
 * *geōmetrijō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("space wisdom", Icelandic )
 * integer:
 * *intigraz (Latin )
 * *undakraz (PIE )
 * million:
 * *miljunaz (Italian )
 * ("large thousand")
 * natural number:
 * *nātūrāliz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * *kundurōliz namizaz (PIE )
 * odd:
 * percent:
 * *perkentą (Latin  )
 * (calque)
 * polynomial:
 * *pulunōmijāliz (Ancient Greek )
 * *falunōmijāliz (PIE )
 * prime number:
 * *prīmaz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * proof:
 * *prubō (Latin )
 * *frab(w)ō (PIE )
 * rational number:
 * *ratjōnāliz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * *radjanōliz namizaz (PIE )
 * real number:
 * *reāliz numiraz (Latin  + )
 * *rējōliz namizaz (PIE )
 * root:
 * set:
 * sine:
 * *sinuz (Latin )
 * solution:
 * *sulūtijǭ (Latin )
 * *swelūdijǭ (PIE )
 * (German )
 * tangent:
 * *tangandz (Latin )
 * *þunkandz (PIE )
 * theorem
 * *þeōrēmats (Ancient Greek )
 * trigonometry
 * *trigōnametrijō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *þrikannamadrijō (PIE )
 * ("angle wisdom", Icelandic )
 * zero:
 * *zefraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *ζεφρος)
 * *nūllō (Latin )
 * trigonometry
 * *trigōnametrijō (Ancient Greek  + )
 * *þrikannamadrijō (PIE )
 * ("angle wisdom", Icelandic )
 * zero:
 * *zefraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *ζεφρος)
 * *nūllō (Latin )

Germanic languages

 * Grimm's law:
 * ("the First Sound Change", German )
 * (German )
 * Verner's law:
 * (Danish )
 * High German consonant shift:
 * ("the Second Sound Change", German )
 * strong verb:
 * weak verb:
 * Afrikaans:
 * (Latin )
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * English:
 * (Latin )
 * Faroese:
 * Frisian:
 * (Latin )
 * German:
 * *Germanaz (Latin )
 * Gothic:
 * Icelandic:
 * Low German:
 * Norwegian:
 * (Latin )
 * Swedish:
 * Gothic:
 * Icelandic:
 * Low German:
 * Norwegian:
 * (Latin )
 * Swedish:
 * Norwegian:
 * (Latin )
 * Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Grammar

 * case:
 * *kāsuz (Latin )
 * *hassuz (PIE )
 * conjugation:
 * *kunjugātjō (Latin )
 * (Dutch )
 * declension:
 * *dēklīnātjō (Latin )
 * ("case inflection", Icelandic )
 * gender:
 * *genaz (z-stem) (Latin )
 * grammar:
 * *grammatikō (Ancient Greek )
 * *kurbmundigaz (PIE )
 * ("speech wisdom", Icelandic )
 * inflection:
 * *īnflehsijō (Latin )
 * (German, Icelandic )
 * mood:
 * (English )
 * (Icelandic )
 * orthography:
 * *urþugrafjō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("right writing", German, Icelandic )
 * part of speech:
 * person:
 * *persōnō (Latin )
 * tense:
 * *timpaz (Latin )
 * voice:
 * *wōhs (Latin )
 * *timpaz (Latin )
 * voice:
 * *wōhs (Latin )
 * *wōhs (Latin )

Case

 * ablative case:
 * *ablātīwaz (Latin )
 * *aftuldīwaz (PIE )
 * ("taking away case")
 * accusative case:
 * *akkūsatīwaz (Latin )
 * ("blame case")
 * dative case:
 * *datīwaz (Latin )
 * *tadīwaz (PIE )
 * ("giving case")
 * ("whom case", German )
 * genitive case:
 * *ginitīwaz (Latin )
 * *kinidīwaz (PIE )
 * ("possession case")
 * instrumental case:
 * *īnstrūmintaliz (Latin )
 * *instraumundōliz (PIE )
 * ("tool case", Icelandic )
 * locative case:
 * *lukatīwaz (Latin )
 * *stulgōdīwaz (PIE )
 * ("location case", Icelandic )
 * nominative case:
 * *nōminātīwaz (Latin )
 * *unmunōdīwaz (PIE )
 * ("who case", German )
 * ("name case", Icelandic )
 * vocative case:
 * *wukātīwaz (Latin )
 * *wawōdīwaz (PIE )
 * ("calling case")
 * ("calling case")

Gender

 * common gender:
 * *utrą (Latin )
 * feminine gender:
 * *fēminīną (Latin )
 * masculine gender:
 * *maskulīną (Latin )
 * neuter gender:
 * *neutrą (Latin )
 * ("neither gender")
 * neuter gender:
 * *neutrą (Latin )
 * ("neither gender")

Mood

 * debitive mood:
 * *dibitiwaz (Latin )
 * ("need mood")
 * imperative mood:
 * *impirātīwaz (Latin )
 * ("order mood")
 * indicative mood:
 * *indikātīwaz (Latin )
 * ("showing mood")
 * optative mood:
 * *uptātīwaz (Latin )
 * ("wish mood")
 * subjunctive mood:
 * *kunjūnhtīwaz (Latin )
 * *subjūnhtīwaz (Latin )
 * ("joining mood")

Number

 * dual:
 * *dwāliz (Latin )
 * ("two number", Icelandic )
 * paucal:
 * *paukāliz (Latin )
 * ("few number")
 * plural:
 * *plūrāliz (Latin )
 * ("more number", German )
 * (Norwegian, Icelandic )
 * singular:
 * *singulāriz (Latin )
 * ("one number", German, Icelandic )
 * trial:
 * *trijāliz (Latin )
 * ("three number")

Parts of speech

 * adjective:
 * *adjehtīwą (Latin )
 * *atjēdīwaz (PIE )
 * ("description word", Icelandic )
 * adverb:
 * *adwirbiją (Latin )
 * *atwurdiją (PIE )
 * ("by-word", Dutch, Danish )
 * article:
 * *artikuluz (Latin )
 * ("joint word", Dutch )
 * noun:
 * *nōminiz (Latin )
 * *namô (PIE )
 * *sufstantīwą (Latin )
 * ("name word", Dutch, Icelandic )
 * pronoun:
 * *prōnōminiz (Latin )
 * *franamô (PIE )
 * proper noun:
 * *prōpriją (Latin )
 * ("own name", German, Dutch )
 * verb:
 * *werbą (Latin )
 * ("work word", Dutch )

Person

 * first person:
 * second person:
 * third person:
 * third person:
 * third person:

Tense

 * future tense:
 * *futūraz (Latin )
 * ("forward time", Icelandic )
 * past tense:
 * *praitiritą (Latin )
 * present tense:
 * *praisandz (Latin )
 * *praisandz (Latin )

Voice

 * active voice:
 * *āhtīwaz (Latin )
 * ("deed voice")
 * middle voice:
 * *midiją (Latin )
 * passive voice:
 * *passīwaz (Latin )
 * ("endurance voice", Icelandic )
 * ("endurance voice", Icelandic )

Phonology

 * ablaut:
 * approximant:
 * *appruhsimandz (Latin )
 * ("near sound")
 * consonant:
 * *kōnsunāns (Latin )
 * ("with sound", German )
 * diphthong:
 * *difþungaz (Ancient Greek )
 * ("two sound", German, Icelandic )
 * fricative:
 * *frikātīwaz (Latin  + )
 * ("rub sound", German, Dutch )
 * glide:
 * monophthong:
 * *munufþungaz (Ancient Greek
 * ("one sound", Icelandic )
 * phonology:
 * *fōnulugjō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("sound wisdom", Icelandic )
 * plosive:
 * *plausīwaz (Latin  + )
 * ("stop sound")
 * trill:
 * *trillaz (Italian )
 * ("roll sound")
 * triphthong:
 * *trifþungaz (Ancient Greek )
 * ("three sound", Icelandic )
 * umlaut:
 * vowel:
 * *wōkāliz (Latin )
 * ("self sound", German, Icelandic )
 * vowel:
 * *wōkāliz (Latin )
 * ("self sound", German, Icelandic )

Philosophy

 * argument:
 * *argūmentą (Latin )
 * *arkumundą (PIE )
 * belief:
 * ethics:
 * *ēþikō (Ancient Greek )
 * *swidigō (PIE )
 * existence:
 * *ehsistintijō (Latin )
 * *ihs(t)istandijō (PIE )
 * knowledge:
 * I think, therefore I am:
 * logic:
 * *lugikō (Ancient Greek )
 * *lakigō (PIE )
 * moral:
 * *mōrāliz (Latin )
 * paradox:
 * *paraduhsaz (Ancient Greek )
 * philosopher:
 * *filusufaz (Ancient Greek, male)
 * (female)
 * philosophy:
 * *filusufjō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("wisdom love", calque)
 * reason:
 * *ratjǭ (Latin )
 * *radjǭ (PIE )
 * science:
 * *skijantijō (Latin )
 * *skijandijō (PIE )
 * (German, Dutch , Swedish )
 * *radjǭ (PIE )
 * science:
 * *skijantijō (Latin )
 * *skijandijō (PIE )
 * (German, Dutch , Swedish )

Politics

 * anarchy:
 * *anarhijō (Ancient Greek )
 * (calque of above)
 * constitution:
 * *kōnstitūtijô (Latin )
 * *gastadeudijô (PIE )
 * democracy:
 * *dēmukratjō (Ancient Greek )
 * *dōmagurdjō (PIE )
 * (calque of above)
 * election:
 * *ēlēhtijǭ (Latin )
 * *ehslehdijô (PIE )
 * government:
 * *gubernōmentą (Latin  + )
 * (German )
 * left wing:
 * monarchy:
 * *monarhijō (Ancient Greek )
 * politics:
 * *pulītikō (Ancient Greek )
 * *falidigō (PIE )
 * politician:
 * (male)
 * (male)
 * (female)
 * president:
 * *praisidandz (male) (Latin )
 * *fraisetandz (PIE )
 * (female)
 * prime minister:
 * *prīmuz ministeraz (male, Latin  + )
 * (female)
 * referendum:
 * *refirindą (Latin )
 * republic:
 * *rēpūblikō (Latin )
 * ("people dominion", Icelandic )
 * right wing:
 * state:
 * *stataz (Latin )
 * theocracy:
 * *þeōkratjō (Ancient Greek )
 * (calque of above)
 * vote:
 * *wōtą (Latin )
 * *wahtą (PIE )
 * (Dutch, German )
 * (calque of above)
 * vote:
 * *wōtą (Latin )
 * *wahtą (PIE )
 * (Dutch, German )

Economics

 * bank:
 * central bank:
 * (Latin )
 * consumption:
 * *kōnsūmftijô (Latin )
 * *gasufsindijǭ (PIE )
 * currency:
 * *kurrēns (Latin )
 * *walutō (Italian )
 * distribution:
 * *distribūtijô (Latin )
 * *twistridadjǭ (PIE )
 * *twistribūdijǭ (PIE )
 * economics:
 * *ēkunumikō (Ancient Greek )
 * (PIE )
 * goods:
 * growth:
 * inflation:
 * *īnflātijô (Latin )
 * *enblēōdijǭ (PIE )
 * market:
 * *merkātuz (Latin )
 * production:
 * *prōduhtijô (Latin )
 * *frōtuhdijǭ (PIE )
 * services:
 * *serwitjō (Latin )
 * *serwadjō (PIE )
 * supply:
 * *supplētaz (Latin )
 * *sufflēdaz (PIE )
 * trade:
 * *supplētaz (Latin )
 * *sufflēdaz (PIE )
 * trade:

Foreign/modern food
By necessity, a lot of these are loanwords rather than constructed from native roots.


 * burrito:
 * ("bread donkey", Spanish )
 * chili pepper:
 * ("firebean", Icelandic )
 * *tili (Nahuatl )
 * curry:
 * ("Indian spice-meal")
 * *kari (Tamil )
 * chips/fries:
 * ("fat-boiled earth apples")
 * coffee:
 * *kahwą (Arabic )
 * döner kebab:
 * ("turn-meat", calque of Turkish )
 * lollipop:
 * ("sucker", calque of English )
 * maize:
 * *mahiz (Taíno )
 * pepper:
 * *piperaz (Latin )
 * pineapple:
 * *ananasaz (Portuguese )
 * (English, Afrikaans )
 * pizza:
 * ("Roman bread disc")
 * *pitją (Italian )
 * potato:
 * *patatō (Spanish )
 * ("earth apple", Dutch )
 * tea:
 * ("leaf drink")
 * *tēą (Min Nan )
 * *tajją (Cantonese )
 * tomato:
 * *tumatō (Classical Nahuatl )
 * *pumudurô (Italian )
 * ("gold apple", calque of Italian )
 * ("gold apple", calque of Italian )

Ground

 * army:
 * *armātō (Latin )
 * *armōdō (PIE )
 * soldier:
 * (Latin )
 * (PIE )
 * rifle:
 * (back-translation of German, Norwegian , etc.)
 * pistol:
 * *pīskēliz (Proto-Slavic )
 * ("hand-gun", cf. English )
 * tank:
 * (German, from Latin )
 * *tadagą (English, ultimately from Sanskrit )
 * ("armored-cannon-wagon", w/ borrowing from English )
 * *tadagą (English, ultimately from Sanskrit )
 * ("armored-cannon-wagon", w/ borrowing from English )

Sea

 * navy:
 * *nāwigjō (Latin )
 * *nōwakjō (PIE )
 * *marīnō (Latin, PIE )

Africa

 * Africa:
 * ("Southern half", Old Norse )
 * *Afrikō (Latin )
 * Cape Verde:
 * (Latin )
 * Egypt:
 * *Aigiftaz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Mesraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μεσρος)
 * Eritrea:
 * *Iritrajō (Latin )
 * Ethiopia:
 * *Aiþiupjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Ivory Coast:
 * *Kustō Eburjō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Liberia:
 * *Lībirjō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Libya:
 * *Libjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Mauritania:
 * *Maurītānijō (Latin )
 * Sierra Leone:
 * *Serrō Leōnō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Sudan:
 * *Sūdānōz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σουδᾱνοι)

Asia

 * Asia:
 * ("Eastern half", Old Saxon, Old Norse )
 * *Asjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Bahrain:
 * *Barainaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βαραινος)
 * Brunei:
 * *Brūnājō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βρουνᾱιᾱ)
 * Burma:
 * *Mranmō (Sanskrit )
 * *Bamō (Sanskrit )
 * China:
 * *Sīnaz (Sanskrit )
 * *Kīnō (Icelandic )
 * Iraq:
 * *Erākaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ερᾱκος)
 * India:
 * *Indijō (Ancient Greek )
 * ("Indus land", Icelandic )
 * *Bārataz (Sanskrit )
 * Japan:
 * *Japô (Icelandic )
 * Jordan:
 * *Jurdanō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Urdunaz (Arabic )
 * Kuwait:
 * *Huwaitaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χουαιτος)
 * Laos:
 * *Lāwaz (Sanskrit )
 * Lebanon:
 * *Lubnānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Λοβνᾱνος)
 * Malaysia:
 * *Mālaisijō (Arabic )
 * Oman:
 * *Umānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ομᾱνος)
 * Philippines:
 * *Filippīnōz (Ancient Greek )
 * Qatar:
 * *Kataraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Καταρος)
 * Saudi Arabia:
 * *Suūdīyō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σοουδῑᾱ)
 * Singapore:
 * *Sinhapuraz (Sanskrit )
 * Syria:
 * *Sirjō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Sūriyō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σουρῑᾱ)
 * Thailand:
 * (Sanskrit )
 * United Arab Emirates:
 * *Imārātōz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Εμᾱρᾱται)
 * Yemen:
 * *Jamanaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ιαμανος)

America

 * America:
 * ("Western half", Old Norse )
 * *Amirikō (New Latin )
 * Canada:
 * *Kanadō (English )
 * ("New France")
 * United States
 * ("United Lands")

Oceania

 * Oceania:
 * ("Island half", Icelandic )
 * *Ōkijanjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Australia:
 * ("Southern land", calque of )
 * *Austrālijō (Latin )
 * Indonesia:
 * ("Indian islands", calque of )
 * *Indanīsijō (Ancient Greek  + Ancient Greek )
 * Micronesia:
 * *Mikranīsijō (Ancient Greek  + Ancient Greek )
 * New Caledonia:
 * (Latin )
 * New Zealand:
 * ("New Sealand")

Europe

 * Europe:
 * ("Northern half", Old Norse )
 * *Eurōpō (Ancient Greek )
 * *Wruōwō (PIE )
 * Albania:
 * *Albanjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Andorra:
 * *Andurrō
 * Armenia:
 * *Arminjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Austria:
 * ("Eastern kingdom", German )
 * Belarus:
 * *Bēlarōsiz (Proto-Slavic )
 * ("White Russia", calque)
 * Belgium:
 * ("Belgian land", Latin )
 * Bosnia and Herzegovina:
 * (Proto-Slavic )
 * Bulgaria:
 * *Bulgarjō (Latin )
 * Croatia:
 * *Harwātijō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Cyprus:
 * *Kipraz (Ancient Greek )
 * Czechia:
 * *Keluhijō (Proto-Slavic  + )
 * *Keluhǭ Rēpūblikō ("the Czech Republic", English )
 * (Icelandic )
 * Denmark:
 * (Old Norse )
 * Estonia:
 * *Istunjō (Latin )
 * Finland:
 * (Old Norse )
 * France:
 * ("Kingdom of the Franks", Old English, German )
 * ("Land of the Franks", Old English, Icelandic )
 * *Frankijō (Latin )
 * Germany:
 * ("Land of the people", back-translation of German )
 * *Germānijō (Latin )
 * *Alimānnijō (Latin )
 * *Nīmikōz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Great Britain:
 * ("Great Britland", Icelandic )
 * (Latin )
 * Greece:
 * *Graikijō (Latin )
 * *Hilladz (Ancient Greek )
 * Hungary:
 * *Hungārijō (Latin )
 * Iceland:
 * Ireland:
 * (Icelandic )
 * (Proto-Celtic )
 * Italy:
 * *Ītaljō (Latin )
 * Latvia:
 * *Latwijō (Latvian )
 * Liechtenstein:
 * Lithuania:
 * *Lītuwānijō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Luxembourg:
 * Macedonia:
 * *Makidunjō (Ancient Greek )
 * Malta:
 * *Militō (Latin )
 * Moldova:
 * (Proto-Slavic )
 * Monaco:
 * *Munuikaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Montenegro:
 * *Mōnts Nigraz (Latin  + )
 * *Kirnō Garō (Proto-Slavic  + )
 * ("black mountain country", Icelandic )
 * Netherlands:
 * (Dutch )
 * Norway:
 * Poland:
 * (Proto-Slavic )
 * Portugal:
 * *Purtuz Kallaz (Latin )
 * Romania:
 * *Rōmānijō (Latin )
 * Russia:
 * (Old Russian, German )
 * San Marino:
 * *Sanhtaz Marīnaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Serbia:
 * *Sirbijō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Slovakia:
 * *Slawākijō (Proto-Slavic  + )
 * Slovenia:
 * *Slawēnijō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Spain:
 * *Hispānijō (Latin )
 * Sweden:
 * (Old Norse )
 * Switzerland:
 * *Hilwītijō (Latin )
 * (German )
 * Turkey:
 * *Turkijō (Latin )
 * (Icelandic )
 * Ukraine:
 * *Ōkrājīnō (Proto-Slavic  +  + )
 * United Kingdom
 * ("United Kingdom")
 * (Latin )
 * Vatican City:
 * *Wātikānō Kīwitāts (Latin )
 * ("United Kingdom")
 * (Latin )
 * Vatican City:
 * *Wātikānō Kīwitāts (Latin )

India

 * Andhra Pradesh:
 * *Āndraz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ᾱνδρος Πραδησος)
 * Arunachal Pradesh:
 * *Arunāsalaz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Αρονᾱσαλος Πραδησος)
 * Assam:
 * *Asamaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ασαμος)
 * Bihar:
 * *Bihāraz ( via Ancient Greek *Βιᾱρος)
 * Chhattisgarh:
 * *Sattīsagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Σαττεισαγαρος)
 * Goa:
 * *Gōwō ( via Ancient Greek *Γωᾱ)
 * Gujarat:
 * *Guzarātaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γοζαρᾱτος)
 * Haryana:
 * *Harijānō ( via Ancient Greek *Ἁριᾱνᾱς)
 * Himachal Pradesh:
 * *Himāsalaz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ἱμᾱσαλος Πραδησος)
 * Jharkhand:
 * *Zārahandaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζᾱραχανδος)
 * Karnataka:
 * *Karnātakaz ( via Ancient Greek *Καρνᾱτακος)
 * Kerala:
 * *Kēralaz ( via Ancient Greek *Κηραλος)
 * Ladakh:
 * *Laddāhaz ( via Ancient Greek *Λαδδᾱχος)
 * Madhya Pradesh:
 * *Madjaz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μαδιος Πραδησος)
 * Maharashtra:
 * *Mahārāstraz ( via Ancient Greek *Μαᾱρᾱστρος)
 * Manipur:
 * *Manipuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Μανιπορος)
 * Meghalaya:
 * *Mēgālajaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μηγᾱλαιος)
 * Mizoram:
 * *Mizōramaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μιζωραμος)
 * Nagaland:
 * *Nāgālaindaz ( via Ancient Greek *Νᾱγᾱλαινδος)
 * Odisha:
 * *Ōdisaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ωδισος)
 * Punjab:
 * *Panzābaz ( via Ancient Greek *Πανζᾱβος)
 * Rajasthan:
 * *Rāzasþānaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱζασθᾱνος)
 * Sikkim:
 * *Sikkimaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σικκιμος)
 * Tamil Nadu:
 * *Tamilaz Nāduz ( via Ancient Greek *Ταμιλος Νᾱδυς)
 * Telangana:
 * *Tēlangānāz ( via Ancient Greek *Τηλαγγᾱνᾱ)
 * Tripura:
 * *Tripurō ( via Ancient Greek *Τριπορᾱ)
 * Uttar Pradesh:
 * *Uttaraz Pradēsaz ( via Ancient Greek *Οτταρος Πραδησος)
 * Uttarakhand:
 * *Uttarāhandaz ( via Ancient Greek *Οτταρᾱχανδος)
 * West Bengal:
 * *Passimas Bangālaz ( via Ancient Greek *Πασσιμος Βαγγᾱλος)
 * Bangālaz

Oman

 * Ad Dakhiliyah:
 * *Addāhilījō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αδδᾱχελεια)
 * Ad Dhahirah:
 * *Azāerō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αζᾱερᾱ)
 * Al Batinah:
 * *Albātinō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλβᾱτενᾱ)
 * Al Wusta:
 * *Alwustāz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλουοστας)
 * Ash Sharqiyah:
 * *Assarhījō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ασσαρχεια)
 * Dhofar:
 * *Zufāraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ζοφᾱρος)
 * Musandam:
 * *Musandamaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μοσανδαμος)

Pakistan

 * Balochistan:
 * *Balūsistānaz ( via Ancient Greek *Βαλουσιστᾱνος)
 * Khyber Pakhtunkhwa:
 * *Haibaraz Pahtūnahwō ( via Ancient Greek *Χαιβαρος Πακτουναχουᾱ)
 * Punjab:
 * *Panzābaz ( via Ancient Greek *Πανζᾱβος)
 * Sindh:
 * *Sindaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σινδος)

Saudi Arabia

 * Asir:
 * *Asīraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ασῑρος)
 * Hejaz:
 * *Igāzaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ἑγᾱζος)
 * Najd:
 * *Nagdaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ναγδος)

Yemen

 * Hadramaut:
 * *Adramauþaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αδραμαυθος)
 * Socotra:
 * *Sukutrāz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σοκοτρᾱς)

Germany

 * Bavaria:
 * Saxony:
 * Saxony:

The Netherlands

 * Drenthe:
 * Friesland:
 * (Latin )
 * Limburg:
 * North Holland:
 * Overijssel:
 * South Holland:
 * Twente:
 * Zeeland:
 * South Holland:
 * Twente:
 * Zeeland:
 * Twente:
 * Zeeland:
 * Zeeland:

Portugal

 * Algarve:
 * *Algarbaz (Arabic )
 * Azores:
 * *Akkipitrīz (Latin )
 * Madeira:
 * *Māterjō (Latin )

Spain

 * Canary Islands:
 * (Latin )
 * Catalonia:
 * *Katalunjō (Catalan )
 * Extremadura:
 * *Ehstrēmadūrjuz (Latin  + )
 * Galicia:
 * *Gallaikjō (Latin )

Switzerland

 * Aargau:
 * Appenzell:
 * *Abbātizkillō (Latin, )
 * Ticino:
 * *Tīkīnaz (Latin )
 * Valais:
 * *Walliz (Latin )
 * Vaud:
 * Vaud:

United Kingdom

 * England:
 * Northern Ireland:
 * Scotland:
 * (Latin )
 * *Kalīdunjō (Latin )
 * Wales:
 * (Old English )
 * Wales:
 * (Old English )

Canada

 * New Brunswick:
 * Newfoundland and Labrador:
 * (Latin )
 * (Old Norse, )
 * Nova Scotia:
 * *Nuwō Skōtjō (Latin )
 * ("New Scotland")
 * Ontario:
 * *Untarjō
 * Prince Edward Island:
 * ("Prince Edward's island", Latin )
 * ("Prince Edward's island", Latin )

Australia

 * Australian Capital Territory:
 * (Latin )
 * New South Wales:
 * Northern Territory:
 * (Latin )
 * Queensland:
 * South Australia:
 * Tasmania:
 * *Tasmanjō (Dutch )
 * Victoria:
 * *Wihtōrijō (Latin )
 * Western Australia:
 * Victoria:
 * *Wihtōrijō (Latin )
 * Western Australia:

Algeria

 * Algiers:
 * *Algāsirôz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλγᾱζεραι)
 * Constantine:
 * *Kōnstantīnō (Latin )
 * Oran:
 * *Warānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ουαρᾱνος)

Egypt

 * Alexandria:
 * *Alihsandrījō (Ancient Greek )
 * Aswan:
 * *Sijīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * Cairo:
 * *Kājirō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Κᾱερᾱ)
 * Giza:
 * *Gīsō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Γῑζᾱ)
 * Mansoura:
 * *Mansūrō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μανσουρᾱ)
 * Port Said:
 * *Purtuz Sajīdaz (Latin  + Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σαῑδος)
 * Suez:
 * *Suwaisaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σουαισος)

Libya

 * Benghazi:
 * *Bangāsī (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βανγᾱζῑ)
 * Sirte:
 * *Sirtiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Tobruk:
 * *Antipirgaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Tripoli:
 * *Tripuliz (Ancient Greek )

Mauritania

 * Nouakchott:
 * *Nuwāhsūtaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Νουᾱξουτος)

Morocco

 * Casablanca:
 * (Latin )
 * Fez:
 * *Fāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Φᾱσος)
 * Marrakesh:
 * *Murrahusaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μορραχοσος)
 * Meknes:
 * *Mihnāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μεχνᾱσος)
 * Rabat:
 * *Rebātaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρεβᾱτος)
 * Tangier:
 * Tingiz (Ancient Greek )

Somalia

 * Mogadishu:
 * *Makadīsūz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μακαδῑσους)

Sudan

 * Khartoum:
 * *Hartūmaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χαρτουμος)
 * Omdurman:
 * *Umbdurmānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ομβδορμᾱνος)

Tunisia

 * Sfax:
 * *Sifākisaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σιφᾱκεσος)
 * Sousse:
 * *Sūsō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σουσᾱ)
 * Tunis:
 * *Þūnisaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Θουνεσος)

Afghanistan

 * Ghazni:
 * *Gaznīz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Γαζνῑς)
 * Herat:
 * *Erāþaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ερᾱθος)
 * Jalalabad:
 * *Galālābādaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Γαλᾱλᾱβᾱδος)
 * Kabul:
 * *Hābulaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χᾱβολος)
 * Kandahar:
 * *Kandaāraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Κανδαᾱρος)
 * Khost:
 * *Hausþaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χαυσθος)
 * Kunduz:
 * *Kundūzaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Κονδουζος)
 * Mazar-i-Sharif:
 * *Mazārisarīfaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μαζᾱρεσαρῑφος)
 * Puli Khumri:
 * *Fulikumbrīz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Φολεχομβρῑς)
 * Taloqan:
 * *Tālukānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Τᾱλοκᾱνος)

Bahrain

 * Manama:
 * *Manāmō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μανᾱμᾱ)

Bangladesh

 * Barisal:
 * *Barisālaz ( via Ancient Greek *Βαρισᾱλος)
 * Chittagong:
 * *Sattagrāmaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σατταγρᾱμος)
 * Dhaka:
 * *Dākō ( via Ancient Greek *Δᾱκᾱ)
 * Khulna:
 * *Hulanō ( via Ancient Greek *Χολανᾱ)
 * Mymensingh:
 * *Majamanasin(h)az ( via Ancient Greek *Μαιαμανασιγγος)
 * Rajshahi:
 * *Rāzasāhīz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱζασᾱεις)
 * Rangpur:
 * *Rampuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ραμπορος)
 * Sylhet:
 * *Silētaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σιλητος)

India

 * Agartala:
 * *Agaratalō ( via Ancient Greek *Αγαραταλᾱ)
 * Ahmedabad:
 * *Amadāwādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Αμαδᾱουᾱδος)
 * Aizawl:
 * *Aizōlaz ( via Ancient Greek *Αιζωλος)
 * Amaravati:
 * *Amarāwatīz ( via Ancient Greek *Αμαρᾱουατεις)
 * Bengaluru:
 * *Bangalauraz ( via Ancient Greek *Βαγγαλαυρος)
 * Bhopal:
 * *Bōpālaz ( via Ancient Greek *Βωπᾱλος)
 * Bhubaneswar:
 * *Buwanēswaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Βουανησουαρος)
 * Chandigarh:
 * *Sandīgar(h)az ( via Ancient Greek *Σανδειγαρος)
 * Chennai:
 * *Sēnnaīz ( via Ancient Greek *Σηνναεις)
 * Daman:
 * *Damanaz ( via Ancient Greek *Δαμανος)
 * Dehradun:
 * *Dēharādūnaz ( via Ancient Greek *Δηαρᾱδουνος)
 * Delhi:
 * *Dillīz ( via Ancient Greek *Διλλεις)
 * Dharamshala:
 * *Darmasālō ( via Ancient Greek *Δαρμασᾱλᾱ)
 * Dimapur:
 * *Dīmāpuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Δειμᾱπορος)
 * Dispur:
 * *Disapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Δεσαπορος)
 * Faridabad:
 * *Farīdābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Φαρειδᾱβᾱδος)
 * Gairsain:
 * *Gairasainnaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γαιρασαιννος)
 * Gandhinagar:
 * *Gāndīnagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Γᾱνδειναγαρος)
 * Gangtok:
 * *Gāntōkaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γᾱντωκος)
 * Guwahati:
 * *Guwāhātīz ( via Ancient Greek *Γουᾱᾱτεις)
 * Hyderabad:
 * *Haidarābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ἁιδαρᾱβᾱδος)
 * Imphal:
 * *Imfālaz ( via Ancient Greek *Εμφᾱλος)
 * Indore:
 * *Indauraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ενδαυρος)
 * Itanagar:
 * *Ītānagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ειτᾱναγαρος)
 * Jaipur:
 * *Zajapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζαιαπορος)
 * Jammu:
 * *Zammūz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζαμμους)
 * Jamshedpur:
 * *Zamasēdapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζαμασηδαπορος)
 * Kanpur:
 * *Kānapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Κᾱναπορος)
 * Kargil:
 * *Kāragilaz ( via Ancient Greek *Κᾱραγιλος)
 * Kavaratti:
 * *Kawarattīz ( via Ancient Greek *Καουαραττεις)
 * Kochi:
 * *Kōssīz ( via Ancient Greek *Κωσσεις)
 * Kolkata:
 * *Kalakātō ( via Ancient Greek *Καλακᾱτᾱ)
 * Kohima:
 * *Kōhimō ( via Ancient Greek *Κωιμᾱ)
 * Leh:
 * *Glēz ( via Ancient Greek *Γλης)
 * *Lēaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ληος)
 * Lucknow:
 * *Lahanaūz ( via Ancient Greek *Λαχαναους)
 * Ludhiana:
 * *Ludijānō ( via Ancient Greek *Λοδειᾱνᾱ)
 * Mumbai:
 * *Mumbaīz ( via Ancient Greek *Μομβαεις)
 * Nagpur:
 * *Nāgapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Νᾱγαπορος)
 * Panaji:
 * *Panazīz ( via Ancient Greek *Παναζεις)
 * Patna:
 * *Patanō ( via Ancient Greek *Πατανᾱ)
 * Pondicherry:
 * *Pudusērīz ( via Ancient Greek *Ποδοσηρεις)
 * Raipur:
 * *Rājapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱιαπορος)
 * Ranchi:
 * *Rānsīz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱνσεις)
 * Shillong:
 * *Silāngaz ( via Ancient Greek *Σιλᾱγγος)
 * Shimla:
 * *Simalō ( via Ancient Greek *Σιμαλᾱ)
 * Srinagar:
 * *Srīnagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Σρειναγαρος)
 * Thiruvananthapuram:
 * *Tiruwanantapuramaz ( via Ancient Greek *Τερουανανταποραμος)
 * Visakhapatnam:
 * *Wisākapatnamaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ουεσᾱχαπατναμος)

Iran

 * Ahvaz:
 * *Awāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αυᾱζος)
 * Esfahan:
 * *Isfānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Εσφαᾱνας)
 * Karaj:
 * *Haragaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χαραγος)
 * Mashhad:
 * *Masadaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μασαδος)
 * Qom:
 * *Kumaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Κομος)
 * Shiraz:
 * *Sīrāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σῑρᾱζος)
 * Tabriz:
 * *Þabrīsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Θαβρῑζος)
 * Tehran:
 * *Terānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Τερᾱνος)

Iraq

 * Baghdad:
 * *Bagdādaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βαγδᾱδος)
 * Basra:
 * *Basrō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βασρᾱ)
 * Erbil:
 * *Arbīlō (Ancient Greek )
 * Mosul:
 * *Mausilaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μαυσελος)

Jordan

 * Amman:
 * *Ammānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αμμᾱνος)
 * Aqaba:
 * *Akabō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ακαβᾱ)

Kyrgyzstan

 * Bishkek:
 * *Bīshihaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βῑσχεχος)
 * Osh:
 * *Ōsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ωσος)

Lebanon

 * Beirut:
 * *Bairūþaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Βαιρουθος)
 * Sidon:
 * *Sīdǭ (Ancient Greek )
 * Tripoli:
 * *Tripuliz (Ancient Greek )
 * Tyre:
 * *Tiraz (Ancient Greek )

Myanmar

 * Bago:
 * *Paihūz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Παιχους (s-stem))
 * Dawei:
 * *Þāswaiz ( via Ancient Greek *Θᾱσουαις)
 * Hakha:
 * *Hāshāz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Ᾱσχᾱς (s-stem))
 * Loikaw:
 * *Luinkauz ( via Ancient Greek *Λουεγκαυς)
 * Magwe:
 * *Makwēz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Μακουης (s-stem))
 * Mandalay:
 * *Mantalēz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Μανταλης (s-stem))
 * Mawlamyine:
 * *Maulamrijų (n-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Μαυλαμριος (n-stem))
 * Monywa:
 * *Munruwō ( via Ancient Greek *Μονρουᾱ)
 * Myitkyina:
 * *Mrakkīsnāz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Μρακκεισνᾱς (s-stem))
 * Naypyidaw:
 * *Nēprantauz ( via Ancient Greek *Νηπρανταυς)
 * Pa-an:
 * *Bāsô (an-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Βᾱσαν)
 * Pathein:
 * *Pusimz ( via Ancient Greek *Ποσεμ)
 * Sittwe:
 * *Sahtwēz ( via Ancient Greek *Σακτουης)
 * Taunggyi:
 * *Tōnkrīz (z-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Τωγκρεις (s-stem))
 * Yangon:
 * *Rankų (n-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Ρανκως (n-stem))

Nepal

 * Biratnagar:
 * *Wirātanagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ουερᾱταναγαρος)
 * Birendranagar:
 * *Wīrēndranagaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ουειρηνδραναγαρος)
 * Deukhuri:
 * *Dēuhurīz ( via Ancient Greek *Δηοχορεις)
 * Godawari:
 * *Gōdāwarīz ( via Ancient Greek *Γωδᾱουαρεις)
 * Hetauda:
 * *Hētaudō ( via Ancient Greek *Ἡταυδᾱ)
 * Janakpur:
 * *Zanakapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ζανακαπορος)
 * Kathmandu:
 * *Kāþamādaų (n-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Κᾱθαμᾱδαυς (n-stem))
 * Pokhara:
 * *Pōharō ( via Ancient Greek *Πωχαρᾱ)

Oman

 * Muscat:
 * *Maskataz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μασκατος)
 * Salalah:
 * *Salālō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σαλᾱλᾱ)

Palestine

 * Bethlehem:
 * *Bīþlijimō (Ancient Greek )
 * Gaza:
 * *Gasō (Ancient Greek )
 * Hebron:
 * *Hebrǭ (Ancient Greek )
 * Jericho:
 * *Jirīhō (Ancient Greek )
 * Nablus:
 * *Nijapuliz (Ancient Greek )
 * *Sihimiz (Ancient Greek )
 * Ramallah:
 * *Rāmallāaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱμαλλᾱος)

Pakistan

 * Faisalabad:
 * *Faisalābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Φαισαλᾱβᾱδος)
 * Gilgit:
 * *Gilagitaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γελαγετος)
 * Gujranwala:
 * *Guzarānwālō ( via Ancient Greek *Γοζαρᾱνουᾱλᾱ)
 * Hyderabad:
 * *Haidarābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Αιδαρᾱβᾱδος)
 * Islamabad:
 * *Islāmābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Εσλᾱμᾱβᾱδος)
 * Karachi:
 * *Karāsīz ( via Ancient Greek *Καρᾱσεις)
 * Lahore:
 * *Lāhauraz ( via Ancient Greek *Λᾱαυρος)
 * Multan:
 * *Multānaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μολτᾱνος)
 * Muzaffarabad:
 * *Muzaffarābādaz ( via Ancient Greek *Μοζαπφαρᾱβᾱδος)
 * Peshawar:
 * *Pēsāwaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Πησᾱουαρος)
 * Quetta:
 * *Kwētō ( via Ancient Greek *Κουητᾱ)
 * Rawalpindi:
 * *Rāwalapindīz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱουαλαπενδῑς)

Qatar

 * Doha:
 * *Dawō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δαυᾱ)

Saudi Arabia

 * Dammam:
 * *Dammāmaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δαμμᾱμος)
 * Jeddah:
 * *Geddō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Γεδδᾱ)
 * Mecca:
 * *Mahhō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μαχχᾱ)
 * Medina:
 * *Madīnō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Μαδῑνᾱ)
 * Riyadh:
 * *Rijāsaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρειᾱσος)

Sri Lanka

 * Anuradhapura:
 * *Anurādapurajaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ανορᾱδαποραιος)
 * Badulla:
 * *Patulaiz ( via Ancient Greek *Πατολαις)
 * *Badullaz ( via Ancient Greek *Βαδολλος)
 * Colombo:
 * *Kulumbuz ( via Ancient Greek *Κολομβυς)
 * *Kulambaz ( via Ancient Greek *Κολαμβος)
 * Galle:
 * *Kāliz ( via Ancient Greek *Κᾱλις)
 * *Gāllaz ( via Ancient Greek *Γᾱλλος)
 * Jaffna:
 * *Jālpānamz (m-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Ιᾱλπᾱναμ)
 * *Jāpanajaz ( via Ancient Greek *Ιᾱπαναιος)
 * Kandy:
 * *Kandiz ( via Ancient Greek *Καντις)
 * *Mahanuwaraz ( via Ancient Greek *Μαανουαρος)
 * Kurunegala:
 * *Kurunākalz (l-stem) ( via Ancient Greek *Κορονᾱκαλ)
 * *Kurunēgalaz ( via Ancient Greek *Κορονηγαλος)
 * Ratnapura:
 * *Ratnapuraz ( via Ancient Greek *Ρατναπορος)
 * Trincomalee:
 * *Tirukōnamalaiz ( via Ancient Greek *Τιροκωναμαλαις)
 * *Trikunāmalajaz ( via Ancient Greek *Τρικονᾱμαλαιος)

Syria

 * Aleppo:
 * *Alabaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλαβος)
 * *Berujō (Ancient Greek )
 * Damascus:
 * *Damaskaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Deir ez-Zor:
 * *Dairasūraz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δαιραζουρος)
 * Hama:
 * *Īmaþaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Homs:
 * *Imisō (Ancient Greek )
 * Latakia:
 * *Laudikījō (Ancient Greek )
 * Raqqa:
 * *Rakkō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρακκᾱ)

Tajikistan

 * Dushanbe:
 * *Dūsanbiaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δουσανβεος)
 * Khujand:
 * *Hugandō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Χογανδᾱ)

Turkey

 * Istanbul:
 * *Ēstēnpuliz (Byzantine Greek
 * *Kunstantinupuliz (Ancient Greek )
 * (Old Norse )
 * ("emperor city", calque of Ancient Greek expression )

United Arab Emirates

 * Abu Dhabi:
 * *Abūzabī (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αβουζαβῑ)
 * Ajman:
 * *Agmānaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αγμᾱνος)
 * Al Ain:
 * *Alainaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλαινος)
 * Dubai:
 * *Dubajaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Δοβαιος)
 * Fujairah:
 * *Fugairō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Φογαιρᾱ)
 * Ras Al Khaimah:
 * *Rāsalhaimō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ρᾱσαλχαιμᾱ)
 * Sharjah:
 * *Sārikō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σᾱρεκᾱ)
 * Umm Al Quwayn:
 * *Ummalkuwainaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Ομμαλκουαινος)

Yemen

 * Aden:
 * *Adinaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αδενος)
 * Al Hudaydah:
 * *Aludaidō (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Αλοδαιδᾱ)
 * Sana'a:
 * *Sanāaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Σανᾱος)
 * Taiz:
 * *Þaisaz (Arabic  via Ancient Greek *Θαεζος)

Austria

 * Eisenstadt:
 * Feldkirch:
 * Graz:
 * *Gardikaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Innsbruck:
 * (Proto-Celtic )
 * Klagenfurt:
 * Linz:
 * *Lintijō (Latin )
 * Salzburg:
 * St. Pölten:
 * *Sanhtaz (Hip)pulitaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Salzburg:
 * St. Pölten:
 * *Sanhtaz (Hip)pulitaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * *Sanhtaz (Hip)pulitaz (Latin  + Latin )

Belarus

 * Brest-Litovsk:
 * *Berstaz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Grodno:
 * *Gardiną (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Minsk:
 * *Mīniskaz (Proto-Slavic )

Belgium

 * Antwerp:
 * Bruges:
 * Brussels:
 * Charleroi:
 * (Latin )
 * Ghent:
 * Liège:
 * Namur:
 * *Namūrką (Latin )
 * Tournai:
 * *Turnaką (Latin )
 * Namur:
 * *Namūrką (Latin )
 * Tournai:
 * *Turnaką (Latin )
 * *Turnaką (Latin )

Denmark

 * Copenhagen:
 * Odense:
 * Odense:

France

 * Agen:
 * *Aginną (Latin )
 * Aire:
 * *Aturō (Latin )
 * Ajaccio:
 * *Adjakją (Latin )
 * Amiens:
 * *Ambijanaz (Latin )
 * Angers:
 * *Andikawaz (Latin )
 * Avignon:
 * *Awinjǭ (Latin )
 * Bayonne:
 * *Bajunō (Latin )
 * Beauvais:
 * *Belluwakumą (Latin )
 * Belfort:
 * *Bellafortiz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Besançon:
 * *Wesuntijô (Latin )
 * *Bisuntijô (Latin )
 * Bordeaux:
 * *Burdigalō (Latin )
 * Colmar:
 * *Kulumbōriją (Latin )
 * Dax:
 * *Dakwō (Latin  + Latin )
 * Dijon:
 * *Diwjǭ (Latin )
 * Épinal:
 * *Spinalją (Latin )
 * La Rochelle:
 * *Rupillō (Latin )
 * Lescar:
 * *Laskurriz (Latin )
 * Lyon:
 * *Lugdūną (Latin )
 * Marseille:
 * *Massiljō (Latin )
 * Melun:
 * *Milidūną (Latin )
 * Metz:
 * *Midjōmatrikaz (Latin )
 * *Mettiz (Latin )
 * Montbéliard:
 * *Muntbillijardō (Latin )
 * Nancy:
 * *Nankijaką (Latin )
 * Nice:
 * *Nikajō (Latin )
 * Orleans:
 * *Auriljaną (Latin )
 * Paris:
 * *Lutitjō (Latin )
 * *Parīsijaz (Latin )
 * Périgueux:
 * *Petrukurją (Latin )
 * Poitiers:
 * *Pihtawō (Latin )
 * Rouen:
 * *Rutumagaz (Latin )
 * Saint-Claude:
 * *Sanhtaz Klaudijaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Saint-Dié:
 * *Sanhtaz Dijadataz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Saint-Étienne:
 * *Sanhtaz Stefanaz (Latin  + Ancient Greek )
 * Strasbourg:
 * Toul:
 * *Tullą (Latin )
 * Toulouse:
 * *Tulusō (Latin )
 * Troyes:
 * *Trikassiją (Latin )
 * Verdun:
 * *Weradūną (Latin )
 * *Weradūną (Latin )

Germany

 * Aachen:
 * Augsburg:
 * (Latin )
 * Berlin:
 * *Berlīnaz (Old Polabian *berl-/birl- ("swamp") + Proto-Slavic )
 * Bochum:
 * Bonn:
 * *Bunnō (Latin )
 * Chemnitz:
 * *Kāmanīkō (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Cologne:
 * *Kulunjō (Latin )
 * Dortmund:
 * Düsseldorf:
 * Essen:
 * Frankfurt:
 * Leipzig:
 * *Līpiskaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Mainz:
 * *Muguntijaką (Latin )
 * Munich:
 * *Munikaz (Vulgar Latin )
 * *Munahaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Münster:
 * *Munastīriją (Ancient Greek )
 * Stuttgart:
 * Trier:
 * *Trīwiraz (Latin )
 * *Munahaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Münster:
 * *Munastīriją (Ancient Greek )
 * Stuttgart:
 * Trier:
 * *Trīwiraz (Latin )
 * *Trīwiraz (Latin )

Greece

 * Athens:
 * *Aþīnō (Ancient Greek )
 * Corfu:
 * *Kurkīrō (Ancient Greek )
 * Corinth:
 * *Kurinþaz (Ancient Greek )
 * Heraklion:
 * *Īraklīją (Ancient Greek )
 * Larissa:
 * *Larīsō (Ancient Greek )
 * Patras:
 * *Patrôz (Ancient Greek )
 * Sparta:
 * *Spartō (Ancient Greek )
 * Thessaloniki:
 * *Þessalunīkō (Ancient Greek )

Iceland

 * Reykjavik:

Ireland

 * Dublin:
 * *Dubulinduz ( + )
 * Waterford:
 * Wexford:
 * Wicklow:
 * Wicklow:
 * Wicklow:

Italy

 * Aosta:
 * *Augustō (Latin )
 * Bari:
 * *Barją (Latin )
 * Bologna:
 * *Bunōnijō (Latin )
 * Catanzaro:
 * *Katanþiraz (Ancient Greek )
 * Florence:
 * *Flōrintijō (Latin )
 * Genoa:
 * *Gen(u)wō (Latin )
 * Milan:
 * *Midjōlōną (Latin )
 * Naples:
 * *Neāpuliz (Latin )
 * Palermo:
 * *Panurmaz (Latin )
 * Perugia:
 * *Perūsijō (Latin )
 * Potenza:
 * *Putintijō (Latin )
 * Rome:
 * (Latin )
 * Trento:
 * *Tridintą (Latin )
 * Triest:
 * *Tirgistą (Latin )
 * Turin:
 * *Taurīnaz (Latin )
 * Venice:
 * *Winitjō (Latin )
 * Verona:
 * *Wīrōnō (Latin )

The Netherlands

 * Alkmaar:
 * Almelo:
 * Almere:
 * Amersfoort:
 * Amsterdam:
 * Apeldoorn:
 * Arnhem:
 * Breda:
 * Deventer:
 * *Dabantrō (Proto-Celtic )
 * Dordrecht:
 * Eindhoven:
 * Enschede:
 * Gouda:
 * Groningen:
 * Haarlem:
 * Heerhugowaard:
 * Heerlen:
 * (Latin )
 * Hilversum:
 * Hoofddorp:
 * IJmuiden:
 * Leiden:
 * Maastricht:
 * (Latin )
 * Nijmegen:
 * *Nawjamagaz (Latin )
 * Roosendaal:
 * (Latin )
 * 's-Hertogenbosch:
 * The Hague:
 * Utrecht:
 * (Latin )
 * Venlo:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * Hoofddorp:
 * IJmuiden:
 * Leiden:
 * Maastricht:
 * (Latin )
 * Nijmegen:
 * *Nawjamagaz (Latin )
 * Roosendaal:
 * (Latin )
 * 's-Hertogenbosch:
 * The Hague:
 * Utrecht:
 * (Latin )
 * Venlo:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * The Hague:
 * Utrecht:
 * (Latin )
 * Venlo:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * (Latin )
 * Venlo:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * Zoetermeer:
 * Zoetermeer:

Poland

 * Bydgoszcz:
 * *Budagastijaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Gdansk:
 * *Gudāniskaz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Katowice:
 * *Kātawīkō (*Kat + Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * *Kantawīkō (Proto-Slavic )
 * Lodz:
 * *Aldī (Proto-Slavic )
 * Lublin:
 * *Leubalīnaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Szczecin:
 * *Skītīnaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Terespol:
 * *Tirisōpuliz (Teresa + Ancient Greek )

Portugal

 * Bragança:
 * *Brigantjō (Latin )
 * Coimbra:
 * *Kunimbrīgō (Latin )
 * Évora:
 * *Eburō (Latin )
 * Porto:
 * *Purtuz (Latin )
 * Lisbon:
 * *Ulisīpō (Latin )

Russia

 * Krasnodar:
 * *Krāsinadāraz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Moscow:
 * *Maskūz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Novgorod:
 * *Nawagardaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Rostov:
 * *Arstawaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Smolensk:
 * *Sumaliniskaz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Stavropol:
 * *Staurapuliz (Ancient Greek  + Ancient Greek )
 * St. Petersburg:
 * (Latin + Latin )
 * *Petragardaz (Latin  + Proto-Slavic )
 * *Linīnagardaz (Ancient Greek  + Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * Tver:
 * *Tihwairiz (Proto-Slavic )
 * Volgograd:
 * *Wilgōgardaz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )
 * (Proto-Slavic + Proto-Slavic )
 * Yaroslavl:
 * *Jāraslāwōz (Proto-Slavic  + Proto-Slavic )

Spain

 * Barcelona:
 * *Barkinōnō (Latin )
 * Bilbao:
 * *Flāwijabrīgō (Latin )
 * Burgos:
 * Ciudad Real:
 * *Kīwitāts Rēgāliz  (Latin  + Latin )
 * Huesca:
 * *Uskō (Latin )
 * León:
 * *Ligjǭ (Latin )
 * Málaga:
 * *Malakō (Latin )
 * Osma:
 * *Uhsumō (Latin )
 * Palencia:
 * *Palintijō (Latin )
 * Pontevedra:
 * *Puntiwitirō (Vulgar Latin )
 * Sant Feliu de Llobregat:
 * *Sanhtaz Fīliks Rubrikātas (Latin  + Latin  + Latin )
 * Seville:
 * *Hispaliz (Latin )
 * Terrassa:
 * *Terrafsō  (Latin  + Latin )
 * Toledo:
 * *Tulītą (Latin )
 * Valencia:
 * *Walintijō (Latin )
 * Valladolid:
 * *Wallitulitą (Celtiberian Vallis Tolitum)
 * Vitoria:
 * *Wihturijō (Latin )
 * Zaragoza:
 * *Kaisaraugustō (Latin )
 * *Kaisaraugustō (Latin )

Sweden

 * Gothenburg:
 * Malmö:
 * Stockholm:
 * Uppsala:
 * Stockholm:
 * Uppsala:
 * Uppsala:

Switzerland

 * Basel:
 * *Basiljō (Latin )
 * Fribourg:
 * Geneva:
 * *Genawō (Latin )
 * Lausanna:
 * *Lausannō (Latin )
 * Neuchâtel:
 * *Nuwakastillą (Latin  + Latin )
 * Thun:
 * *Dūną (Proto-Celtic )
 * Zürich:
 * *Turīką (Latin )
 * *Turīką (Latin )

United Kingdom

 * Bath:
 * Birmingham:
 * Bradford:
 * Brighton:
 * Bristol:
 * Canterbury:
 * (Latin )
 * Carlisle:
 * *Kagraluguwaliją (Proto-Celtic  + Latin )
 * Chelmsford:
 * Chester:
 * *Kastrą (Latin )
 * Derby:
 * *Derwentijô (Latin )
 * Ely:
 * Exeter:
 * *Īskakastrą (Proto-Celtic  + Latin )
 * Gloucester:
 * *Glewakastrą (Latin  + Latin )
 * Hereford:
 * Lincoln:
 * *Lindakulunjō  (Latin  + )
 * London:
 * *Lundīniją (Latin )
 * Manchester:
 * *Mammōkastrą (Proto-Celtic  + Latin )
 * Newcastle:
 * (Latin )
 * Norwich:
 * Oxford:
 * Peterborough:
 * (Latin )
 * Portsmouth:
 * (Latin )
 * Preston:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * St Albans:
 * *Sanhtaz Albōnaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Salford:
 * Sheffield:
 * Wakefield:
 * Wells:
 * Westminster:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Winchester:
 * *Wintōkastrą (Latin  + Latin )
 * York:
 * *Eburōką (Latin )
 * *Sanhtaz Albōnaz (Latin  + Latin )
 * Salford:
 * Sheffield:
 * Wakefield:
 * Wells:
 * Westminster:
 * (Ancient Greek )
 * Winchester:
 * *Wintōkastrą (Latin  + Latin )
 * York:
 * *Eburōką (Latin )
 * Winchester:
 * *Wintōkastrą (Latin  + Latin )
 * York:
 * *Eburōką (Latin )