User:Santi2222/izan

Etymology
A plausible reconstruction for the participle of the intransitive forms is, while can be reconstructed for the transitive ones. The verb forms in each paradigm have different etymologies:
 * NOR: from the participle prefix + the stem  (of unknown origin) + the past participle suffix . It has numerous suppletive stem forms. The present-tense forms have three stems: -a (third-person singular only), -aiz (with first and second-person singular prefixes), and -ara (in first and second person plural forms}.
 * NOR-NORI: the stem -(t)zai- occurs in the indicative forms. The potential and imperative forms have the suppletive stem -ki-. Forms with plural nor agreement throughout the paradigm have the suffix -zki- immediately attached the stem and preceding the nori agreement suffixes.
 * NOR-NORK: the stem -(d)u- forms the basis of the indicative forms. This stem also appears in the dialectal participle . A verbal noun edutzea is attested from the fifteenth century, derived from either  or . The potential and imperative forms are built on the stem -za- which becomes -tza- after a prefix ending in n.
 * NOR-NORI: the stem is -i- in the indicative, and -ieza- in the potential and imperative. As in the nor-nori izan paradigm, forms with plural nor (absolutive) agreement are suffixed with -zki-. This marker is attached directly to the stem and precedes other agreement suffixes.

Verb

 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be essentially or identified as
 * 3) to exist; to occur
 * 4)  to be to occupy a place
 * 5)  to be in a transient fashion
 * 6)  to have, to posses
 * 1)  to be to occupy a place
 * 2)  to be in a transient fashion
 * 3)  to have, to posses
 * 1)  to have, to posses
 * 1)  to have, to posses
 * 1)  to have, to posses
 * 1)  to have, to posses
 * 1)  to have, to posses
 * 1)  to have, to posses
 * 1)  to have, to posses

Usage notes

 * Southern Basque (like Spanish) has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”: izan and . The former is used to express a quality of something (the first two examples), while the latter (the third and fourth examples) is used to express a location or a temporary state. Northern Basque does not have this distinction, so "to be" can be translated as izan in almost all contexts.


 * Light verb constructions with usually take  auxiliaries, even when translated by intransitive verbs.


 * The dative argument frequently corresponds to an indirect object in English, but often indicates the possessor of the direct object  of the verb, usually expressed as a possessive in English.
 * Verbs of the class can only take third person direct objects (/absolutive arguments).
 * Southern dialects often use the verb in the sense "to possess". The same verb forms are used in Northern dialects, but with the participle.
 * Basque grammarians usually refer to the and  auxiliaries by the northern citation form  or by the reconstructed participle form ; as a different  verb from the intransitive forms of.