User:Sarri.greek/verbs/-έω bisyllabic

ζέω θέω νέω ξέω πνέω πλέω ῥέω τρέω χέω δέω & δέομαι

Bisyllabic -έω (monosyllabic stem)

ancient
Category:Ancient Greek verbs - by inflection type - Category:Ancient Greek words suffixed with -έω

Contracted verbs in -έω with monosyllabic stem (πλέω, πνέω, ρέω, δέομαι) are contracted only when after the character -ε-, another -ε- or -ει- follows:
 * e.g. verb πνέω contracts: πνεῖς, πνεῖ, πνεῖται.

Exceptions:
 * 1) 2nd sing. indicative. present of δέομαι, which remains uncontracted: δέει, δέῃ
 * 2) the verb δέω-δῶ (with sense: "I tie"), which contracts every type: δῶ, δεῖς, δεῖ, δοῦμεν, δεῖτε, δοῦσι(ν) [see Stamatkos, below]

Their compounds: stress shift only at 2nd.sing.imperative.present.active:
 * e.g. πλεῖ -> ἔκπλει but plural: πλεῖτε -> ἐκπλεῖτε

Ref to grammars:

Smyth: at verb list cf. πνέω πλέω ρέω etc. The rules mentioned are:
 * 397 He comments on indicative only. That is why he only mentions: ε+ο and ε+ω are NOT contracted.
 * also, 503 and 607 comment for the upsilon,  540 about Doric future. 489-d, about insertion of sigma. And 688 about Homeric types.

Stamatakos in his Historical Grammar (§96.4, my translation from Greek)
 * «... the monsyllabic stems of the -έω verbs contract only when the product of the synaeresis is ει. [...] The reason is the disappearance of the ϝ (πλέω < * πλέϝω) which existed between the vowels; the existence of this ϝ is certified by the aorist ἔπλευσα (ἔπνευσα, ἔνευσα etc), where instead of -εϝ- before vowel, we have -ευ- before consonant. After the disappearance of ϝ we have similar results with the types of the adjective ἡδύς: ἡδέος, ἡδέων - ἡδεῖ. That is, some phthongoi[sounds] (such as open α and closed α and ο) were not contracted after the disappearance of ϝ, because this disappearance took place relatively late, when the function of the rules governing synaeresis had already ceased. As the above verbs, the verb δέω (=I need) is conjugated-δέομαι (and that here too a ϝ did exist is proven by the numeral δεύτερος): δέω, δεῖς, δεῖ, δέομεν, δεῖτε, δέουσι - δέομαι, δέει, δεῖται, δεόμεθα, δεῖσθε, δέονται. But in manuscripts we also encounter the types: ἐδέετο, δέεσθαι (and indeed, sometimes with no variations of script). -In contrast the δέω (=I tie) is found also contracted in the types where the above are not contracted: δέω (and δῶ), δέομεν (and δοῦμεν), δέουσι (and δοῦσι) but always: δεῖς, δεῖ, δεῖτε.  The same principal is applied for the Imperfect forms.»

sarri.greek (talk) 06:03, 16 January 2019 (UTC)

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 * Template:grc-conj-present-con-ε-mono

modern

 * User:Sarri.greek/verbs/vowel_stems
 * Category:Greek verb conjugation group 'πνέω'