User:Stujul/Appendix:Serbo-Croatian numerals

Serbo-Croatian has various types of numerals, which behave in different ways. This appendix serves as a usage guide of when and how to use these various types.

Cardinal numbers
The cardinal numbers 1 to 10 are given below:

Some notes:
 *  behaves like an adjective, declining for both gender and case. It also has a plural, which may be translated as some.
 *  is used for masculine and neuter nouns, while  or  is used for feminine nouns.
 * The word for both () is considered a cardinal number and behaves exactly like 
 * , , , and  may decline for case; the other numbers never decline.

The numbers 11-19 are formed by adding the suffix -naest to the numbers above (with some shortening):

Similarly, the multiples of 10 are formed by adding -deset:

Compound numbers are formed as in English, reading the components from left to right, with an optional  (and) between the last two numbers.

Nouns following the numbers are affected as follows:
 * Since  behaves as an adjective, the noun following it is not affected, also in compound numbers.
 * Nouns following , , , and  are in genitive singular as a vestige of the Proto-Slavic dual number, also in compound numbers.
 * Nouns following other numbers are in genitive plural.

Verbs are also affected:
 * With , the verb is singular.
 * With , , , and , the verb is plural, and the past participle gets -la for masculine and neuter nouns, and -le for feminine nouns.
 * With other numbers, the verb is singular, and the past participle is neuter.

Some examples:

with :
 * one horse is running ― jedan konj trči
 * one bird was singing ― jedna ptica je trčala
 * twenty-one horses are running ― dvadeset jedan konj trči
 * I see fifty-one horses ― vidim petdeset jednog konja

with , , , or :


 * two horses are running ― dva konja trče
 * four horses were running ― četiri konja su trčala
 * both birds were singing ― ob(j)e ptice su pjevale
 * the feathers of two birds ― perje dviju ptica

with other numbers:


 * five horses are running ― pet konja trči
 * seven horses were running ― sedam konja je trčalo
 * ninety-nine birds were singing ― devedeset devet ptica su p(j)evalo

Ordinal numbers
Ordinal numbers are adjectives in Serbo-Croatian. In general, they are formed by adding -i to the cardinal numbers, with the first few having a special form. The ordinal numbers for 1-10 are given below:

Some notes:
 * Since the ordinals are adjectives, they take the case of the noun they attach to.
 *  also has the meaning other.

Fractions
In fractions, the numerator is denoted by a cardinal number, while the denominator uses a special type of number. It is in general formed by adding -na to the ordinals. The fractional numbers for 2-10 are given below:

Some notes:
 * The fractional is a feminine noun which is affected by the numerator following the rules above. For example:
 * one-eighth ― jedna osmina
 * three-eighths ― tri osmine
 * five-eighths ― pet osmina


 * / means half, and there also exists  for quarter.

Collective numbers and numerical nouns
Collective numbers are used for counting groups of mixed gender, and for the words ' / ' (children) and  (people). For 2, 3, and both, they are formed by adding -oje to the cardinal number. For higher numbers, -oro or -ero is added:

A similar set of numbers is used for counting groups of men. These are the numerical nouns and are formed by adding -ica to the collective numbers with -oro:

For groups of females, the cardinal number is used.

The phrase "the two of us" may thus be translated as:
 * nas dvoje (one male and one female)
 * nas dvojica (two males)
 * nas dv(ij)e (two females)

Instead of nas dvojica, nas dva is also sometimes used.