User:TheSilverWolf98/Germanic Botanical Terms

=Generic Botanical Terms=


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * North Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberg dialect: Kluiggen
 * Eastphalian:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Southeast Limburgish: (Veldeke spelling),  (German spelling),  (Rheinische Dokumenta spelling)
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:, , , , ,
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Kléjje


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian: ,
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberg dialect: Haister
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger dialect: Hucht
 * Wiedenbrücker dialect:
 * Gütersloh dialect: Hucht


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse: ,
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English: ,
 * Middle English:
 * English:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Alemannic:
 * Zipser German: Schtrauch


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch: ,
 * West Flemish:
 * Limburgish:
 * Mofers dialect:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:

=Trees & Shrubs=

Possibly related to 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * Fering:
 * Karrharder:
 * Nordgoesharder:
 * Halligen:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:
 * Altmarkish:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Rhine Franconian: Dann
 * Lorraine Franconian: Dànne
 * Pfälzisch: Dann
 * Hessian: Dann
 * Alemannic:
 * Alsatian:
 * Strasbourg Dialect: Dann, Dannebaum
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Tann ("fir")
 * Milenge: Dan
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Bavarian:
 * Cimbrian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: tònne

Only found in Norse, meaning obscure.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:

A strange, predominantly Low Countries compound of "ash" and "thorn". This is rather bizarre, considering maples are not particularly similar to ash trees, nor do they have thorns. I suspect the "door(n)" segment of these words is actually just a corrupted form of the Proto-Germanic "*-draz" tree suffix, making the original form of this word something like "*askadraz". No idea why this neologism was created, as Dutch still preserves a native term for maple descending from.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Prüm-Kopp: āstər
 * Eup: āəsdǭərə

Curiously similar to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬, as well as the various Latin descendants that derive from them, such as 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. See the entries in lower down for a form that is even more similar to, and also to. There are also entries in in the elm section of this page that may potentially match up. It is unclear if this and related terms are loans from Gaulish, loans into Gaulish, or just several corrupted but ultimately unrelated forms.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English: ,
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:

Related to words for measles, spots, blemishes, and lumps. This connection was likely made because of the appearance of maple burrs when cut.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:

See comments under.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:, , ,
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Transylvanian Saxon: Epeler

Possibly cognate to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. Likely not Indo-European in any case. Only survives in the Saxon languages, German languages and in Danish, which may in fact be a Saxon loan anyway.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon: (Probably a Latin loan?)
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:, , ,
 * East Low Saxon:
 * North Brandenburgish:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Wittg-Erndtebr: ǫrn
 * Altk-NFischb: ǭrə
 * Ottw-Tholey: īrə
 * Saarbg-Zerf: īrə
 * Zell-Merl Raversb: īrə
 * Birkf-Idar: ērən
 * Koch-Bertrich: īrən
 * Trier-Damflos: ē:rə
 * Gummb-Schwarzenbergisch: ø̄rən
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Pfälzisch:
 * vorn. VPf: ḁ̄hǫʳn
 * KU-Dennw/Frohnb: āhōr (f.)
 * RO-Nd'mosch: ę̄hǫrn
 * KU-Wolfst u. Umgeb. Kaulb KL-U'sulzb PS-Winz: ōʳ u. ōÄ
 * Pirmas u. Umgeb.: ōʳχə, ōÄχə
 * German:
 * East Central German: Ahorn
 * Bavarian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: ohrl
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

Cognate to 🇨🇬 and the Baltic forms 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. Also potentially to 🇨🇬. Probably the original Germanic term for maple, given its distribution in both West and North Germanic branches. Shame it is not documented in Gothic.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Altmark:
 * Mecklenburg:
 * Schleisen:
 * Pomeranian: ;
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Bavarian:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian: (probably a Danish borrowing)
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [lʏ̞ːn]; [lʏ̝nː]
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

Borrowed as Spanish, probably from Vandalic.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger dialect: Ellern
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Bernese Upland:
 * Kandersteg:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Bavarian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: eirl
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Westrobothnian: ǫldr
 * Elfdalian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [ɑ̞̽lː]
 * East Germanic:

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:

(Alnus alnobetula only)
Obscure. Seems to be restricted to the Western Alps. Perhaps a loanword, not sure from where.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Bernese Upland:
 * Kandersteg:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:

Only present in Norse branch of Germanic. Related to. The formation is of a deverbal form - ie. "one who scratches". This is an apt name for a small, twiggy shrub. Likely not the original Proto-Germanic form, but a Norse innovation.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

More likely to be the original Proto-Germanic term for the dwarf birch.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:
 * Westrobothnian: rís
 * Elfdalian:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * Fering:
 * Karrharder:
 * Nordgoesharder:
 * Öömrang:
 * Wiedingharder:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Tweants:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Birken
 * Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
 * Gütersloh: Beerken
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Biek
 * Milenge: Biek
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Central Franconian: Birk
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Bìrke
 * East Central German:
 * Erzgebirgisch: Birk
 * Bavarian:
 * Tirol: Pirch
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: pirche
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Westrobothnian: bjerk
 * Elfdalian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [bɔʁt̠ʲɕ]; [bɑ̞̽ʁk]

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Another collective form.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:

A Latin borrowing.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:

Compound literally meaning "hedge-beech". It is unlikely there was a Proto-Germanic simplex for this tree. Shows many similarities with West Germanic words for "hawthorn" and the Norse words for "bird cherry".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon: ,
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German: ,
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

Literally means "white-beech".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Bavarian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: baisspuiche

Means "stone-beech".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:

Means "yoke-beech".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English: ,
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Bohuslän: skrubb-bär


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch: ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * East Central German:
 * Thuringian: Hardreder
 * Bavarian:

Obscure and interesting. Perhaps conflated a little with words in *dirn-, but likely of different origin.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian: Herlitzenstrauch, Herlsken, Hermschen, Hermkenbaum, Hernsken, Hersken, Hirlizbaum, Hirlizen
 * St Gallen: Erlizbaum
 * East Central German:
 * Saxonian:
 * Leipzig: Hörlitzen, Horlicken, Horlitzen, Horlsken
 * Thuringian: Erlitze, Herlitze, Hörlitze, Hürrlitzgenbaum
 * Bavarian: ,

No Proto-Germanic form, borrowing from the Slavic languages. See (Czech ). The Proto-Slavic form is a cognate to 🇨🇬 (Modern Irish ).
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:, (probably influenced in form by words in *horl-)
 * Bavarian:, ,

From, cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Western Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish: ,
 * West Flemish:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Pfälzisch: Hassel
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Bavarian:
 * Tirol: Håsl
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: hosl
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [hɑ̞̽ːsle̞]
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * Scots:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Obscure, only appears in Swedish dialects. It is also a term used for alders and birches. According to SAOB, it is related to.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:

Cognate with 🇨🇬; 🇨🇬; and potentially 🇨🇬. The Italic word was borrowed into Celtic (Irish ), and the Germanic one was borrowed into Slavic (Polish ).
 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Northumbrian:
 * Scots:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * Fering:
 * Öömrang:
 * Halligen:
 * Karrharder:
 * Nordgoesharder:
 * Wiedingharder:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * North Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Schleswigsch:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Balver Mundart: Beake
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Boöken
 * South Westphalian:
 * Lüdenscheider Mundart: Baucke
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian: ; ; ; (north-east);  (north-east)
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Altmarkish: (north-west);  (south-east);  (east north-west)
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish: ,
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Alsatian:
 * Strasbourg Dialect: Bůch
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Buech
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Ripuarian: Booch, Bööch
 * Moselle Franconian: Booch (Northern), Buch (Southern), Biech (Southern)
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Buche
 * East Central German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Tirol: Puach, Puêch
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: puiche
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [bøːɡ]; [bœːɡ]
 * Elfdalian:

A typical North Germanic collective form.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian:
 * South-East Scanian: [bøːd̠ʲʑə]
 * North-West Scanian: [bøːɡe̞]
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Feig

Possibly related to the words for "alder".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * East Central German:

Compound literally meaning "foul-tree", probably because of the smell of the berries when crushed.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian: Fuulbäie
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * Sallands:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * Gronings:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * East Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * Veluws: ,
 * Tweants:
 * Achterhoeks:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish:

Only found in the Norse branch of Germanic.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:, , , ,
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [tɔske̞bæːʁ];  [tɶ̝̽ste̞];  [tøsːte̞];  [tɒ̽sːte̞]
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:, , ,

Cognate with 🇨🇬 (Russian, Polish ); 🇨🇬 (Welsh , Irish (with unetymological f-)); and 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Alsatian:
 * Strasbourg Dialect: Èsch
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Ìsche
 * Bavarian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: esche
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [ɒ̝̽ːsk]; [ɒ̝̽ːusk]

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Ripuarian: Effche
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Äwich, Éwait
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Zollernalbchrais: Eaphae
 * Bavarian:
 * South Tirol: Eapam
 * South Bavarian:
 * Cimbrian: éapóom


 * *hulbaz
 * Old Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Danish:
 * *hulinaz
 * *hulisaz
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish: "holly-thorn"
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish: ,
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * *hulis(j)ǭ


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:

Potentially a borrowing from Latin, after what I suspect was the original (see words in *wVk-), was re-assigned to specifically wickerwork, such as baskets and furniture, as opposed to the tree said wickerwork came from. Both words survive in the North Germanic branches, but is absent in West Germanic, while *wVk- is present. Gothic is silent on the subject.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:
 * Old Central Norse:
 * Ångermanland: jen
 * Västerbotten: jen
 * Medelpad: jen
 * Jämtland: ajn
 * Elfdalian: ,
 * Old East Norse: *æiniʀ
 * Old Swedish: ,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: åjne ([ɑ̞̽i̯ne̞] ~ [ɑ̞̽jne̞] ~ [ɔi̯ne̞]); ene ([eːne̞])
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish: ,
 * Old Gutnish:
 * Gutnish: ain


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian: (Karrharder, Oomrang, Nordgoesharder);  (Wiedingharder)
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * Westmunsterlandic: ,
 * Ravensburger Mundart: - initial k- possibly resulting from contamination with a term for rowan.
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish: ;
 * Old High German:, ,
 * Middle High German:
 * German: ,
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Moselle Franconian: Weckelder (Britter), Wakeltisch (Eifel), Wakelter (Eifel)
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Pfalzisch: Wacholler, Wackolder, Wäckolder, Wäckelder
 * Alemannic:
 * Vorarlbergish:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Rèakholdr
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Literally means "crane-wood", an innovated term I have only been able to locate in the descendants of Old High German. Why cranes were associated with juniper is not quite clear. Something I must research further.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Cimbrian: ,
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: kronebit

Larch (Larix decidua)
Not a native term - ultimately a borrowing from Gaulish via Latin and Ancient Greek.


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Bavarian:
 * Cimbrian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: lèrche


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Hessian:
 * Frankfurt: Abbel
 * Central Franconian: Appel
 * East Central German:
 * Upper Saxon: Appel
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian: Ebfl
 * Hauefels: Ebfl
 * Lower Alemannic:
 * Alsatian: ,
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Carcoforo:
 * Formazza:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian: (plural)
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Tirol: Stoanpuach, Stoanpuêch


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * West Flemish:

‎
Cognate with 🇨🇬 (Middle Irish ); and 🇨🇬 (Lithuanian ). Likely the original Germanic term for spruce.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Altmarkish:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Alemannic:
 * Bavarian:
 * Cimbrian:, ,

Only has this meaning in the Low Countries - probably an extension from an original meaning of "pole". It is unlikely this definition can be traced back to Proto-Germanic.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Limburgish:

From PIE, a root originally referring to bristles, and used to form terms for beards, branches, and awns. Probably a metaphorical extension due to the appearance of conifer needles. Not found in any branch other than Norse, so probably a North Germanic innovation (and idiom).
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian: (Karrharder, Sol'ring) (probably borrowed from Norse);  (Wiedingharder) (probably borrowed from Norse)
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * North Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon: Greinenholt (probably a Norse borrowing)
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch: green (Ell, Peij, Tungelroy, As); greentje (Altweert; Altweerterheide; Boeket-Heisterstraat; Eind; Hushoven; Keent, Limburg (NL); Laar, Limburg (NL); Leuken; Nederweert; Ospel; Weert, Limburg (NL)) (probably all Norse borrowings)
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Livonian German: Gränbaum (probably a Norse borrowing)
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: (pine)
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [ɡʁɑ̞̽ːn]; [ɡʁɒ̝̽ːn]
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:
 * Elfdalian:

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Lower Alemannic:
 * Alsatian:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian: Kjuusdanne
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon: (probably from Frisian substrate)
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * West Flemish:

Obscure. Restricted to the Alps.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Bernese Upland:
 * Kandersteg: Arvä, Arbä
 * Eastern Waliser:
 * Lax: Arvu
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Rimella: ààrba
 * Gurin: Aarvu f.
 * Unsorted Highest Alemannic:
 * Jou: Arba
 * Urscheletall: Oorfä f.


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic: ;
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Eastern Waliser:
 * Lax: Täla
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: zètte


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian:

According to Málið.is, related to Latin, from PIE.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Westrobothnian: tall, túll
 * Elfdalian:

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:

Possibly related to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬, all originally meaning a resinous sort of wood, though the Scots Gaelic word has come to be applied to the Scots pine generally. As no other IE cognates have been found thus far, it may be that the parents word is from a substrate. In Old English, the meaning is "torch" - so potentially the original meaning of was also "resinous wood" as opposed to the tree that said wood is from. Borrowed as Lithuanian.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Western Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Eastern Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * Old Saxon: ,
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Old High German: ,
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Khèèa ("pine")

Another form meaning "resinous wood" - this is cognate to some of the oldest words for "tree" in the other Indo-European languages, such as 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:

Collective of *furhō.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Probably the original term for pine.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic: ,
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Fòer ("pine")
 * Milenge: Fooer ("pine")
 * Bavarian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: vorche
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:

Related to 🇨🇬; and possibly as well as the following Brythonic words: 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬 (modern Cornish: ). Likely the original Germanic term for both poplars and aspens.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Àschpe
 * Proto Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish: (attested in toponyms)
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish: ,

No Proto-Germanic term, borrowed from Vulgar Latin.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Babbl

From. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Bavarian:

No PGem form, borrowed from Latin.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * Fering:
 * Öömrang:
 * Karrharder:
 * Nordgoesharder:
 * Wiedingharder:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:, ,
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Tirol: Kerschtn
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: kirsch


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian: Krieke
 * German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Old Norse (borrowed from Saxon):
 * Swedish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Bflumm
 * Milenge: Bflume
 * Zollernalbchrais: Pflõme

Closely related for the word for "hedge". Presumably because Prunus padus often grew in hedgerows?
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

Obscure. Restricted to the Alps.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian: Ölexen, Elexsen, Ölasn, Öxn, Ösn


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Zipser German: Tschidrempn, Tschudrenkn

Cognate with 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:, (Bohuslän)
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: [slɔnː]; [slɔːn]; [släu̯nː]; [slɒ̝̽u̯nː]


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Hessian:
 * Frankfurt: Bier
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Bier
 * Milenge: Bìreboom
 * Ulm: Biirabaum
 * Zollernalbchrais: Biiera


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: (borrowing from Saxon?)


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Zipser German: Moognholts


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Zipser German: Hundsbëum


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * Fering:
 * Karrharder:
 * Nordgoesharder:
 * Wiedingharder:
 * Halligen:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Oek
 * South Westphalian:
 * Lüdenscheider Mundart: Eicke
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Ripuarian: Eech
 * Moselle Franconian: Ääch (Western), Eech (Eastern), Eich (Westerwald)
 * Kölsch: Eich
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Eiche
 * East Central German:
 * Erzgebirgisch: Aach
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Òòech
 * Milenge: Ooech
 * Ulm: Ôich
 * Bavarian:
 * Tirol: Oachn
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: aiche
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Elfdalian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Likely the original Indo-European word for "oak", we only see the slightest hint of this meaning in the Germanic material in derived words.

Originally coming from a root meaning "old" and "tall", this was later applied to oak trees.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:

Salix caprea - Great Sallow - Salhô
Cognate to 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), and 🇨🇬 - the Germanic term was borrowed as. Likely from a substrate, given it is a term limited to Germanic and Celtic (the Latin word is potentially a Gaulish loan).


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian:

A secondary feminine formation of the primary or.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Westrobothnian: selj
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

According to Málið.is, related to Slavic from PIE. According to SAOB.se, related to.
 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * Low German:
 * Old High German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:, ,

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Not a Germanic term - from.
 * Old Norse: ?
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Faroese:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian: ,
 * Alemannic:, , ,
 * Swabian:
 * Zollernalbchrais: Fealbe


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish: ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Pfälzisch:
 * HB-Böckw IB-Seelb: Wäid (węid)
 * KB-Gauh Orb: Waad (wād)
 * Pf außer lothr. SWPf und mittl. Südpfalz: Weid (waid)
 * VPf: Wääd (wę̄d)
 * mancherorts lothr. SWPf, GH-Kand (um 1930 von älteren Leuten) Neubg: Widd (wid)
 * PS-Schweix: Wied (wīd)
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Elfdalian:

From PIE.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:

From PIE.
 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old Norse:
 * Icelandic:

Cognate with 🇨🇬, and possibly 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German: ,
 * Middle High German:
 * German:

No Proto-Germanic or West Germanic form, a borrowing from.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Elbe Eastphalian: ; ; ;
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish: ; (contamination of Keileke with Püsseke)

No Proto-Germanic or West Germanic form, a borrowing from. Compare 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:

Potentially the same as the words in *hul-, through metathesis.
 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Wiedingharder Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Allhairn
 * Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
 * Gütersloh: Hoorlorten

Found only in the Low Countries.
 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Amelands Frisian: fliare
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang Frisian:
 * Fering Frisian:
 * North Goesharder Frisian:
 * Central Goesharder Frisian:
 * Drelsdorf Frisian:
 * Wiedingharder Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:, , ,
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * Bentheimisch:
 * Westmünsterländisch
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish: ,
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish: ,

(gen.sing: *hullaz; dat.sing: *hulini)

 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian: (Sol'ring);  (Fering);  (Karrharder, Nordgoesharder);  (Oomrang);  (Wiedingharder)
 * Proto Germanic: (suffixed with *-traz)
 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * Low German:, , , ,
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish: ,
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Hauefels: Holdr
 * Milenge: Holdr
 * Ulm: Hollrbusch
 * Zollernalbchrais: Holder
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Bavarian:
 * Tirol: Hóller
 * Proto-Germanic: (collective form)
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: hyll
 * Blekinge: hyll
 * Östergötland: hill
 * Västergötland: höll
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

So named because the wood of this tree was favoured for making cart axels.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West-Veluws:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:

Application of term "axel" from the Swedish Whitebeam to the names of other related trees.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian:
 * South Bavarian:
 * Plodarish: veiglpeirn

Borrowed as Northern Sami and Lule Sami.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Elfdalian:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German: ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish: "blood-ash"

Despite how oft-repeated the theory is, it is unlikely that this word is related to the Celtic for for yew, and the Albanian word for yew.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German: ?
 * Middle High German: ?
 * German: "boar-ash"

Seemingly only present amongst the alpine descendants of Old High German. A compound of a borrowed word with similarities to French, and Germanic.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Formazza:
 * Gurin:

Obscure.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Eastern Waliser:
 * Lax:

Seemingly only present amongst the alpine descendants of Old High German. Probably substrate or a borrowing. Similarities with Italian, and also with French , and native German.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Alagna:
 * Gressoney:
 * Issime:
 * Macugnaga:
 * Rimella:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West-Veluws:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Sperwel
 * Rhine Franconian: Sperb
 * Pfälzisch: Sperb, Sparwel, Sparb, Schbärwel, Sperwer, Sperber, Sparwe, Sparbe, Sperwe, Sparwle, Sparble, Sperwle


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Veluws:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:, , , , , ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconinan:
 * Luxembourgish:

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Bavarian:
 * Cimbrian:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:

Collective form.
 * Proto-Norse:.
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Old Gutnish:
 * Gutnish:

Another collective form.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Elfdalian:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English: ?
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Swabian:
 * Milenge: Lìnde
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:

Includes the botanical suffix *-draz. Probably ultimately from a root meaning "red".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian: ,
 * Alemannic:, , ,
 * Alsatian:
 * Strasbourg Dialect: Růstbaum
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Pfälzisch: Rusche, Rüsche, Ruschel, Rüschel, Ruste, Rüste, Rustenbaum, Ruster, Rüster
 * South Hessian: Rüster

Restricted to the Rhine region up to the North Sea Coast. Probably a substrate word. May be related to the words for "maple" in *Vp-, and also perhaps to the name for "yew".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * North Frisian: (Oomrang, Fering, Nordgoesharder, Wiedingharder)
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Gronings:
 * Drèents:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Rhine Franconian:, , ,
 * Pälzisch: Iffe
 * South Hessian: Iffe


 * Old English:
 * English:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * East Germanic:
 * Vandalic: (borrowed as Spanish ).

Collective form of the above.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Cimbrian:

=Poales: Grass & Allies=

Connected to the word for "dregs".
 * Proto-Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German: (sp cluster borrowed from Saxon).


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * Fering:
 * Öömrang:
 * Halligen:
 * Karrharder:
 * Nordgoesharder:
 * Wiedingharder:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse: *biugg
 * Old Swedish:, , ,
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish: biug
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian: Jäärste
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Gasten
 * Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
 * Gütersloh: Gheersten
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemannic:
 * Highest Alemannic:
 * Western Waliser:
 * South Waliser:
 * Issime:
 * Bavarian:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Ripuarian: Jääsch, Jersch
 * Moselle Franconian: Gääscht
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Gèèrscht, Gerscht


 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Bient
 * North Low Saxon:
 * Oldenburgisch:,  ,
 * Nordhannoversch:
 * Dithmarschen: ,
 * Holsteinisch:
 * Schleswigsch:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon: ,
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Bénse


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * West Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Småland: exing


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Halland: kveg
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic: ;
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Gràs
 * Zipser German: Groos


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Mofers:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:
 * German:
 * Bavarian: ,
 * Central Franconian:
 * Transylvanian Saxon: Huever
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Pennsylvania German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian: Rait
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Mofers:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:

No Proto-Germanic form, borrowed from.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * East Germanic:
 * Gothic:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:


 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Derived from the term.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * North Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:

=Other Plants=


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Zipser German: Alpndriizngreschl


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:
 * Elfdalian:

Obscure.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Obscure.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Veluws


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:

No Proto-Norse form, borrowed from Middle Saxon.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:
 * Jutlandic: gejl


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:

Derived from.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Scanian: hara-ris

(Anchusa officinalis)
Possibly borrowed as Finnish.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Scanian:
 * Blekinge: rast

(Anchusa officinalis)
Literally means "ox-tongue", a calque of the Greek name.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

(Anchusa arvensis)

 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:


 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * North Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:, ,


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish: (Veldeke spelling),  (Rheinische Dokumenta spelling)
 * Eupen dialect:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:


 * Old Norse:
 * Westrobothnian: gasveittj (goose-wheat?)


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Zipser German: Krësch
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Krèss


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Old Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Danish:

According to Málið.is, related to 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬; all supposedly from, however, the initial vowel of the PIE form and the Germanic form do not match, as PIE *h₂e usually becomes Proto-Germanic *a.
 * Old Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:

According to SAOB.se and Ordnet.dk, from the verb, apparently because of the crunching sound of leaves? Though I personally can't see why the two words would be connected. Ordbokene.no says the word is from, and I personally think this is far more likely. Málið.is also gives the reed bag definition for.
 * Old Norse: (possibly??)
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:
 * Swedish:
 * Danish:


 * Westrobothnian: bräken
 * Westrobothnian: bräken
 * Westrobothnian: bräken
 * Westrobothnian: bräken
 * Westrobothnian: bräken
 * Westrobothnian: bräken
 * Westrobothnian: bräken
 * Westrobothnian: bräken
 * Westrobothnian: bräken


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Feorn
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Sol'ring:
 * Fering:
 * Öömrang:
 * Halligen:
 * Karrharder:
 * Ockholm:
 * Langenhorn:
 * Wiedingharder:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Drenthe:
 * Gronings:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Driuwen
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Triewel

No Proto-Germanic, or even Proto-Norse form. Derived from a Danish borrowing of a West-Germanic (likely Saxon) derivative of.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:

According to Málið.is, this word is derived from, meaning "the even one".
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Westrobothnian: jamn’
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: (Dalarna)


 * *humalaz
 * *humalǭ


 * Old Norse:
 * Icelandic:


 * Old Norse:
 * Icelandic:


 * Westrobothnian: frekn’
 * Westrobothnian: frekn’
 * Westrobothnian: frekn’
 * Westrobothnian: frekn’


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Zipser German: Driizngskraaedich


 * Old Norse:
 * Icelandic:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Dìschel


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * North Low Saxon:
 * Emsländisch:
 * Schleswigsch: ,
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch:
 * Mecklenburgisch:, , ,


 * Proto-West-Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low German:
 * Eastphalian:
 * Hannoverian:
 * North Low Saxon:
 * Oldenburgisch:
 * Emsländisch:
 * Holsteinisch:
 * Schleswigsch:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:


 * Proto-West German:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Zipser German: Mëus


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Kirchröadsj: Eëts
 * Moselle Franconian: Erwes, Erres, Äres
 * Ripuarian: Erts, Erds, Ääz

=Caryophyllales: Carnation & Allies=

Seems to be connected with.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Söl'ring:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German: (borrowed into Danish and Swedish)
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish: (Saxon borrowing),  (Saxon borrowing)
 * Swedish: (inherited),  (dialectal)
 * Old Danish: (Saxon borrowing)
 * Danish:, (inherited),  (dialectal, inherited)


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Mofers:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Mofers:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alemmanic:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: (Blekinge)


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: (Svealand)


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: (Ångermanland)

~

 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: (Småland)

~

 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:

Seems to be restricted to Anglo-Frisian. Variants ending in -d and -k are likely diminutives.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Scots:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon: ,
 * Dithmarschen Mundart:

Literally means "water-myrtle".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * Gronings:
 * Wesphalian:
 * Dreènts:
 * West Munsterlandic:

=Gentianales: Gentians & Allies=

=Ranunculales: Buttercup & Allies=

Literally means "helmet", from the shape of the flowers.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Westrobothnian Dialect:
 * Nästansjö Dialect: sLAsAn


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Zipser German: Juutsche Haubn

=Rosales: Rose & Allies=


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Central Goesharder Frisian:
 * Drelsdorf Frisian:


 * Proto-West Germanic:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Scots:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * Old High German:

=Saxifragales: Gooseberry & Allies=


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Swabian: Träuble
 * Bernese: Trübeli
 * Rhine-Hessian: Traube


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Grüssel (probably borrowed from French)


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Norbiks Dialect:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Lorraine Franconian: Grùnschel

=Fabales: Bean & Allies=



=Ericales: Heather & Allies=


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Balver Mundart: Haie
 * Ravensberger Mundart: Hoee


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:, ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Skåne, Blekinge, Småland:, ,
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:, , ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Scots:
 * Old Frisian:
 * West Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German: ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Mofers:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Kölsch: Worbele


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Saarländisch: Wähle

=Brassicales: Mustard & Allies=


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:, , , ,


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:

=Asparagales: Asparagus & Allies=

Cognate with 🇨🇬.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian: (Sol'ring)
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Northern Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon:
 * Westphalian:
 * West Munsterlandic:
 * East Westphalian:
 * Wiedenbrücker Mundart:
 * Gütersloh: Lauk
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Low Prussian:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Old High German
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Alsatian:
 * Mulhouse Dialect:

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and the Iranian source of.
 * Proto-West Germanic:

=Asterales: Aster & Allies=

(gen.sing: *klittaz; dat.sing: *klidini)

 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt
 * Lorraine Franconian: Klètt


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Pennsylvania German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:

*fimfilaz *fimfjǭ *fimb- *fi-
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

No Proto-Germanic form, a loanword from Saami languages - see Inari Saami.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Westrobothnian: jerj
 * Nästansjö Dialect: jArja

Obscure.
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:, , , , ,
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

=Apiales: Chervil & Allies=

Related to Lithuanian.
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian: Gäise
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:, ,
 * West Low Saxon:
 * North Low Saxon:
 * East Frisian Low Saxon: ,
 * Gronings:
 * Holsteinish:
 * Dithmarsch:
 * Westphalian:
 * Achterhooks:
 * Westmunsterlandic:
 * South Westphalian:
 * Lüdenscheider Mundart: Gäse
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Brandenburgish:
 * Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch:
 * Mecklenburgish:, ,
 * Old High German: ,
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old Norse:
 * Swedish:, ,


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Swedish:
 * Småland Dialect: käxa


 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Swedish:
 * Dalarna Dialect: rackkummin
 * Halland Dialect: hästkummin
 * Hälsingland Dialect: hundkummin
 * Lappland Dialect: hundkummin
 * Westrobothnian Dialect: hundkummin
 * Nästansjö Dialect: kummingen

Cognate with 🇨🇬. Probably the original word for "carrot".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old English:
 * Middle English:
 * English:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * East Low Saxon:
 * Plautdietsch:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Limburgish:
 * Norbiks:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Bavarian:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old Frisian:
 * North Frisian:
 * Öömrang:
 * West Frisian:
 * Saterland Frisian:
 * Old Saxon:
 * Middle Low German:
 * West Low Saxon:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Dutch:
 * West Flemish:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Luxembourgish:


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Frankish:
 * Old Dutch:
 * Middle Dutch:
 * Zealandic:
 * Dutch:

A compound literally meaning "yellow-root".
 * Proto-Norse:
 * Old West Norse:
 * Icelandic:
 * Faroese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Old East Norse:
 * Old Danish:
 * Danish:

A compound meaning "yellow-turnip".
 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * German:
 * Bavarian:
 * Tirol:
 * Central Franconian:
 * Hunsrik:
 * Rhine Franconian:
 * Pennsylvania German:
 * Pfälzisch:
 * Badisch: Gelleriebe


 * Proto-West Germanic:
 * Old High German:
 * Middle High German:
 * Alemannic:

Heracleum sphondylium - Common Hogweed
=References=
 * Einige Plfanzennamen in Zipser Mundart - E. Kövi (accessed through JStor)
 * Málið.is
 * SAOB
 * Den Danske Ordbog
 * Etymologie-Online
 * Pfälzisches Wörterbuch
 * Rheinisches Wörterbuch