User:TheSilverWolf98/Siangic Region Flora

Introduction
Where India, Bangladesh, Tibet, and Burma meet is one of the most linguistically rich and academically neglected areas of the world. Here, isolated by thick forest and difficult mountain terrain, coupled with several millennia of continuous habitation; a deeply interconnected patchwork of dialects has formed. In former decades, this has just been painted with the large language family brushes of Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, and Indo-European. However, taking a closer look at these languages, holes begin to appear in these theories. Seemingly irregular sound changes, borrowings, and frequently unetymologised terms abound. One begins to question whether these big language family labels apply at all, or whether instead a series of smaller, unique families have just undergone a process of influence from their heavyweight neighbours whilst still borrowing from each other. Couple that with my love of ethnobotany, and you get this page. Here, I have taken information from the freely available papers on Academia.com written about these languages by respected scholars such as Mark Post and Robert Blench, and tried to condense it - sort it into categories and present it in one place. I am by no means an expert - just an armchair enthusiast. I'll add my own thoughts in brackets, but certainly do those with a grain of salt. Hopefully this will prove useful to someone someday.

Proto-Kamengic

 * Bugun
 * Proto-Mey:
 * Proto-Chug-Lish:
 * Chug
 * Lish
 * Sartang
 * Proto-Shergaon-Rupa:
 * Shergaon
 * Rupa

Proto-Macro-Siangic

 * Pre-Tani
 * Proto-Idu-Taraon:
 * Idu
 * Taraon
 * Proto-Siangic:
 * Koro
 * Milang

Proto-Puroik

 * Bulu Puroik
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik
 * Chayangtajo Puroik
 * Rawa Puroik
 * Saria Puroik

Proto-Mijic:

 * Western Miji
 * Eastern Miji
 * Bangru

Proto-Macro-Tani:

 * Milang
 * Proto-Tani:
 * Proto-Macro-Western-Tani:
 * Tangam
 * Damu
 * Proto-Core-Western-Tani:
 * Apatani
 * Bokar
 * Proto-Subansiri
 * Bagni
 * Tagin
 * Nyishi
 * Hill Miri
 * Yano
 * Proto-Galo
 * Lare Galo
 * Pugo Galo
 * Proto-Eastern-Tani:
 * Bori
 * Aasing
 * Proto-Siang:
 * Mising
 * Minyong
 * Padam
 * Pasi

1

 * Proto-Miji: *nə-paŋ
 * Western Miji: nə-pʰaŋ
 * Bangru: nə-põõ

1

 * Koro: kádù

2

 * Proto-Tani: *braŋ

1

 * Proto-Mijic: *bra(u?)
 * Western Miji: bràú; d͡ʑu
 * Eastern Miji: brau ~ brə
 * Bangru: baa; letən; sje; vjeswa
 * Proto-Puroik: *ma-bjaa
 * Bulu Puroik: ma-bjao
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: mə-bɻau
 * Chayantajo Puroik: mə-bɻaa
 * Meyor: a-wa
 * Kman: wǎ; máj mbrt
 * Jingpho: kə-wa
 * Meithei: wa
 * Proto-Bodo-Garo: *(b)waʔ
 * Proto-Macro-Tani:
 * Proto-Tani:
 * Proto-Western-Tani:
 * Western Tani: sba

2

 * Koro: fǔ
 * Proto-Macro-Tani:
 * Milang: fu; a-hu
 * Proto-Tani: *ɦə
 * Proto-Eastern-Tani:
 * Adi: eŋ
 * Proto-Siangic: *fu
 * Taraon: hui
 * Galo: ə̀ə

3

 * Hruso: sə
 * Dirang Monpa: ʃi

4

 * Jang Monpa: riu
 * Tawang Monpa: rui

Banana

 * Koro: gerd͡ʒi
 * Meyor: sand͡ʒuŋ
 * Kman: hambjooŋ
 * Proto-Mijic:
 * Western Miji: drθal
 * Eastern Miji: luʔlaŋ
 * Proto-Tani: *ko-pak
 * Pugo: upúk
 * Lare: upùk
 * Apatani: á-pú; kɨ̀páʔ
 * Tawra: bɨ́d͡ʒìg
 * Mising: kopàk

Bark

 * Koro: ɲikur
 * Hruso: ʃokʰu
 * Proto-Miji: *go-prja
 * Western Miji: wo-priʔ
 * Bangru: gə-pjaʔ
 * Aasing: siŋkut
 * Galo: akuk

Banyan

 * Apatani: sàaróʔ

Bean

 * Proto-Miji:
 * Western Miji: ʒeʒo
 * Eastern Miji: ʒɛnʒu
 * Bangru: məmjeʔ

Betel

 * Koro: gove

Branch, Stick, Log

 * Koro: tat͡ʃi
 * Western Miji: wo ntsaŋ
 * Bangru: gole t͡ʃõ
 * Proto-Puroik: *kjai
 * Bulu Puroik: a-kjɛɛ
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: hɻɨn-kɻei
 * Chayantajo Puroik: hɻeŋ-kɻɛɛ
 * Milang: aak
 * Taraon: xa-ra
 * Idu: ha-ro
 * Proto-Tani: *ɦak
 * Tawra: háɽò
 * Mising: asoŋ
 * Lare Galo: hɨɨdáa

Bush

 * Western Miji: wo zəʔ
 * Bangru: re dün

Cane

 * Koro: t͡ʃapě
 * Hruso: ʃa
 * Proto-Tani: *soŋ
 * Bangru: ʃuu
 * Western Miji: ʃu
 * Proto-Puroik: *rei
 * Bulu Puroik: rii
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: rei
 * Chayangtajo Puroik: rei
 * Proto-Kuki-Chin: *ruj
 * Tawra: tarɽe
 * Galo: tabə́

Cassava

 * Western Miji: ɲaw
 * Eastern Miji: ɲǎwʔ

Chili Pepper

 * Koro: adə
 * Western Miji: d͡ʒaju
 * Eastern Miji: zajəw
 * Bangru: jeda
 * Kman: bit͡ʃi
 * Lare Galo: jalùk
 * Apatani: téeró

Coconut

 * Koro: narikol

Cucumber

 * Koro: dìlì
 * Proto-Mijic:
 * Western Miji: bθej
 * Eastern Miji: pθojʔ
 * Bangru: pleʔ
 * Kman: gíl
 * Milang: pim-d͡ʒɛr
 * Taraon: t͡ɕi-kua
 * Idu: t͡ɕi-kua
 * Proto-Tani: *kuŋ
 * Tangam: te-me
 * Apatani: tàkúʔ

Fig

 * Apatani: tàaróo

Firewood

 * Proto-Puroik: *sjen
 * Proto-Kuki-Chin: *thiŋ
 * Bangru: goʔ
 * Western Miji: maj wuʔ
 * Apatani: mɨ̀túu

Flower

 * Koro: nepʰu; ɲɨpɨ
 * Proto-Miji: *go-bua (same as Puroik?)
 * Western Miji: wo-vɔʔ
 * Eastern Miji: gə-bo
 * Bangru: te-poa; mə-buaa
 * Hruso: ʃo-ba
 * Bugun: ə-bua
 * Proto-Puroik: *buan̄
 * Bulu Puroik: a-buɛN
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: hɻɨn-buan
 * Chayangtajo Puroik: mə-buaiʔ; mə-buaik
 * Proto-Kuki-Chin: *paar
 * Jang Monpa: mentʰo
 * Tawang Monpa: mentʰo
 * Dirang Monpa: mom naŋ
 * Apatani: ˀàpúu
 * Tawra: tapo (high-low) (banana flower)

Fruit

 * Koro: nesi
 * Proto-Miji: *go-tain
 * Western Miji: wo-tɛ̃̌
 * Eastern Miji: gu-tan
 * Bangru: gə-tẽ; mə-tɛ̃ɛ
 * Proto-Kuki-Chin: *thaj
 * Kman: sí
 * Proto-Puroik: *wai
 * Bulu Puroik: ʃiN-wɛɛ
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: hɻɨn-wai
 * Chayangtajo Puroik: roŋ-wɛɛ
 * Proto-Tani: *ze; *pɨ
 * Milang: a-si
 * Taraon: ta-ɕi; sjej⁵²
 * Idu: ruŋ-ɕi
 * Apatani: ˀáhì
 * Mising: apɨ

Fungus

 * Kman: pàsí

Garlic

 * Koro: sɔ́kɔ̀m
 * Proto-Miji:
 * Western Miji: kʰjomu
 * Eastern Miji: kiomu "onion"
 * Bangru: talap
 * Proto-Puroik: *daŋ̄
 * Bulu Puroik: daN
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: daŋ
 * Chayangtajo Puroik: dak
 * Tawra: àlɔ̀

Ginger

 * Koro: ìt͡ʃím
 * Western Miji: dʋo
 * Bangru: dəwasaŋ
 * Idu: ànd͡ʒítà
 * Tawra: àd͡zìŋ
 * Kman: dəʔìŋ
 * Apatani: tákí

Gourd

 * Bangru: ərəkhi

1

 * Koro: nanuŋ
 * Tawang Monpa: ŋon

2

 * Western Miji: t͡sɛ
 * Dirang Monpa: t͡si
 * Jingpho: t͡sīŋ

3

 * Bangru: midər; rəsjaarɛɛ
 * Hruso: susɔ
 * Kman: tfn
 * Jang Monpa: kiʰ
 * Galo: nəmɨ̀ɨ
 * Apatani: tàpóʔ

Jackfruit

 * Koro: kotal

Job's Tears

 * Milang: aŋɛt
 * Padam: aɲat
 * Galo: taŋə̀k
 * Proto-Tani: *njas

Leaf

 * Tawra: nnà
 * Koro: ninɔ
 * Mising: annə
 * Lower Adi: annə
 * Idu: náŋ
 * Proto-Tani: *nə
 * Meyor: a-lap
 * Kman: lǎp
 * Taraon: naŋ
 * Western Miji: mleʔ
 * Eastern Miji: məlam; go-lap
 * Bangru: gərjɛ; mərjɛ
 * Bugun: ərap
 * Khispi: ʔu-lap
 * Tangam: anɨ
 * Aasing: anné
 * Galo: isi; asé; anə́; paŋnə̀ (banana leaf); nəjáa (damaged leaf)
 * Proto-Puroik: *ljəp
 * Bulu Puroik: a-ləp
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: hɻɨn-jəp
 * Chayantajo Puroik: a-lək
 * Meithei: la
 * Karbi: lo
 * Jingpho: lap
 * Kanauri: lab
 * Lepcha: lóp
 * Newar: lɔpti
 * Trung: lap⁵⁵
 * Jang Monpa: ʃʲiŋ blap
 * Tawang Monpa: palap
 * Dirang Monpa: ʃiŋ ʃawa
 * Chug Mey: ulaʔ
 * Lish Mey: ulap
 * Sartang Mey: arap
 * Rupa Mey: alap
 * Shergaon Mey: alap
 * Brokeh: loma
 * Memba: lemah
 * Bugun: arap
 * Milang: tan-nom

Lemon

 * Western Miji: bdzn

Lime

 * Koro: t͡ʃam

1

 * Lower Adi: sapa
 * Tangam: hapa
 * Minyong: həʔa
 * Galo: təpə́
 * Bangru: təpu

2

 * Jang Monpa: aʃum
 * Tawang Monpa: oʃum

3

 * Koro: ad͡ʒaki
 * Western Miji: sbɛʔ
 * Dirang Monpa: pʰin tʰaŋ
 * Tawra: nàbũ̀
 * Apatani: tàɲíʔ

Millet

 * Meyor: turo
 * Kman: muuŋ
 * Western Miji: pjɔʔ; katsɛ
 * Bangru: ta-mãj; mãj-koʔ
 * Puroik: ta-maji
 * Tawra: ájɔ̀ɔ̀, habra
 * Proto-Tani: *mii; *jas

Mushroom

 * Lare Galo: taín
 * Proto-Puroik: *məŋ
 * Bulu Puroik: mɨŋ
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: məŋ
 * Chayangtajo Puroik: məŋ
 * Apatani: tàíN
 * Tawra: tàhwìŋ zìí
 * Mising: ŋinti

Mustard

 * Koro: lɨpadõ
 * Apatani: gɨ̀jáN
 * Tawra: tǔ (low)

Nettle

 * Tawra: tat͡sʰa (low)

Nut

 * Tawra: llɨ̀m

Onion

 * Koro: èlè; pias
 * Western Miji: kʰikmo
 * Bangru: jəkɛ̃ĩ
 * Bugun: muaŋ
 * Mey: mɔŋsiŋ
 * Khispi: mɔŋ

Orange

 * Western Miji: narn

Peach

 * Apatani: tàkúN

Pine

 * Apatani: pɨ̀sáa

Pineapple

 * Tawra: drak (high-low)

Pip

 * Bangru: məzãj

Potato

 * Koro: lasaniki
 * Western Miji: lasɲɔ̌
 * Bangru: d͡ʒa

Pumpkin

 * Koro: d͡ʒǎ
 * Bangru: tapua
 * Apatani: ˀéʔpè; ˀàjóo tápé

1

 * Western Miji: savo m-t͡ʃi (cooked rice)
 * Bangru: t͡ʃě (cooked rice)
 * Kman: sjat
 * Turung: t͡ʃat (boiled)

2

 * Koro: mǎm
 * Kman: maŋ (rice paddy)
 * Turung: mam (rice paddy)
 * Puroik: a-maŋ
 * Eastern Miji: ŋam (rice paddy)
 * Meyor: mam
 * Apatani: ˀéN-mò (rice plant)
 * Proto-Tani: *ma ~ *mo ~ *am (rice paddy)

3

 * Proto-Tani: *ˀá-pím (cooked rice)
 * Apatani: ˀà-píN (cooked rice)
 * Mising: a-pin (cooked rice)
 * Lower Adi: a-pin (cooked rice)
 * Upper Minyong: a-pín (cooked rice)
 * Lare Galo: ˀa-t͡ʃín (cooked rice)

4

 * Jang Monpa: top-ʃe
 * Tawang Monpa: dep
 * Dirang Monpa: to-t͡ʃʰaŋ

5

 * Bangru: ẽ lẽgãj
 * Hruso: o lkə

6

 * Western Miji: ɛ ngn
 * Eastern Miji: nəgam

7

 * Tshangla: kʰu (rice paddy)
 * Manang: kʰʲe (rice paddy)
 * Thakali: kən (rice paddy)
 * Tanghut: kʰie (rice paddy)
 * rGyalrong: kʰri (rice paddy)
 * Taraon: kie
 * Proto-Siangic: *kɨ ~ *kje (rice paddy)
 * Idu: ke (rice paddy)
 * Tawra: kě
 * Koro: ki-raka (rice paddy)
 * Milang: du-kɨ (rice paddy)
 * Dirang Monpa: kʰu
 * Kman: ha-ku (cooked rice)

8

 * Meyor: an-dek; sirduŋ
 * Milang: a-dù
 * Memba: dej
 * Apatani: ˀéN-dì (rice seedling)

9

 * Senge: breʰ
 * Brokeh: bre

1

 * Koro: ne-raŋ
 * Bugun: ə-rəŋ
 * Proto-Siangic: *raŋ

2

 * Kman: kʰrà
 * Western Miji: wo-krn
 * Eastern Miji: mə-kʰən; go-kʰrən

3

 * Proto-Eastern-Tani: *pɨr
 * Milang: ta-pɨr
 * Tangam: a-pen
 * Aasing: a-ppír
 * Galo: a-pɨr

4

 * Menba: ra³⁵
 * Tarwa: harraj
 * Meyor: tro
 * Bangru: məɲapil
 * Proto-Western-Tani: *m(j)a

Sago Palm

 * Bangru: ləwoo

Sap, Resin

 * Tawra: pʰrã

Seed, Seedling

 * Koro: neram
 * Western Miji: taj ʒo loj
 * Eastern Miji: tajloj
 * Bangru: taj juwa; mətə̃ə̃
 * Milang: ŋurimɨ "pumpkin seed"; sirɨmɨ "chili seed"
 * Tangam: acuŋ
 * Aasing: ammé
 * Galo: ali
 * Apatani: kórmò

Soya Bean

 * Koro: èd͡ʒè
 * Western Miji: dbo
 * Bangru: pifa

Stick

 * Koro: laba
 * Western Miji: tarˀə

Sugar Cane

 * Koro: ra
 * Western Miji: gθaŋd͡ʒaŋ
 * Bangru: bapiʰ
 * Tawra: áɽì

Sweet Potato

 * Western Miji: ɲɔ kind͡ʒaŋ
 * Bangru: gurja
 * Galo: maalɨ̀ɨ
 * Tawra: gjòhwã́

1

 * Proto-Mijic:
 * Western Miji: t͡ɕaʔ
 * Bangru: t͡ɕoʔ
 * Proto-Puroik: *tʃuaʔ
 * Bulu Puroik: tʃjaʔ
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: tʃjaʔ
 * Chayangtajo Puroik: tʃua

2

 * Apatani: ˀíŋè

3

 * Koro: lam

4

 * Kman: gal

1

 * Hruso: kʰ-su
 * Proto-Miji: *kə-zV
 * Western Miji: g-ʑu
 * Eastern Miji: kʰə-zau
 * Bangru: kə-zət
 * Proto-Puroik: *kə-zoŋ
 * Bulu Puroik: mə-zuN
 * Kojo-Rojo Puroik: mə-ʒuŋ
 * Chayantajo Puroik: kə-zjoŋ

2

 * Tawra: nnùm

3

 * Koro: sona

Tree

 * Koro: lã ~ laːj
 * Western Miji: ɫaj; gvɯ; wneʔ; bʒàú; gmòú
 * Eastern Miji: genoj
 * Bangru: gənejeʔ
 * Kman: sáŋ; d͡zàwpà; t͡ʃíprùŋ
 * Tawra: másáŋ
 * Meyor: duŋpu
 * Mising: amɨŋ; ɨsɨŋ
 * Hruso: ʃɨɲ
 * Tangam: ahɨŋ
 * Aasing: ésiŋ ané
 * Galo: siné; isi; hɨɨnə̀
 * Yimchungru: saŋ
 * Tawang Monpa: t͡ʃjaŋ
 * Chug Mey: ʃiŋ
 * Lish Mey: hiŋ
 * Sartang Mey: hiŋ
 * Rupa Mey: siŋtiŋ
 * Shergaon Mey: siŋ tʰuŋ
 * Brokeh: ʃiŋ
 * Memba: ʃiŋ
 * Bugun: hiŋmua
 * Proto-Tani: *sɨŋ
 * Milang: haŋ-ɲi

Urtica Fibre

 * Proto-Puroik: *sjaŋ

Vegetables

 * Proto-Mijic:
 * Western Miji: pʰen
 * Bangru: pee
 * Galo: óo

Vine

 * Koro: mele
 * Western Miji: wo dgrǐ
 * Bangru: leljɛ
 * Apatani: d͡ʒôod͡ʒìrò

Walnut

 * Western Miji: maaŋu
 * Bangru: wüa

1

 * Koro: pu
 * Hruso: pʰǔ
 * Western Miji: pjɔʔ

2

 * Tawra: kt͡sùm

White Beans

 * Koro: lapla

1

 * Proto-Mijic
 * Western Miji: u ~ oʔ
 * Eastern Miji: go
 * Bangru: goo

2

 * Milang: haŋ-sa
 * Taraon: ma-sɨŋ
 * Idu: ma-seŋ
 * Proto-Tani: *a-sɨŋ
 * Tangam: a-hɨŋ
 * Proto-Western-Tani:
 * Proto-Galo: *ɨ-sɨ̀ɨ
 * Pugo Galo: ɨ-sɨ̀ɨ
 * Lare Galo: ɨ-hɨ̀ɨ
 * Western Galo: ɨ-sɨ̀ɨ
 * Proto-Eastern-Tani:
 * Aasing: é-siŋ
 * Padam: ə-siŋ
 * Proto-Minyong: *ə-sɨŋ
 * Upper Minyong: ə-hɨŋ
 * Lower Minyong: ə-sɨŋ
 * Mising: ɨ-sɨŋ