User:Tropylium/Finnish inherited vocabulary

This page lists Finnish words with Proto-Finnic equivalents.

Preambles
For loanwords, whether they date to Proto-Finnic proper is not always clear. Source literature, such as the Finnish and Estonian etymological dictionaries, typically does not take a clear stance on this. I here reconstruct for Proto-Finnic
 * 1) all loanwords present also in Uralic languages spoken further east
 * 2) all loanwords from Baltic, Indo-Iranian, or their ancestors
 * 3) all loanwords from Proto-Germanic proper or its ancestors (i.e. showing an absense of Northwest Germanic innovations such as *ē > *ā or *u > *o)
 * 4) loanwords from North Germanic with a reflex in a Southern Finnic language, and showing an absense of Old Norse innovations such as *z > R > ∅
 * 5) as Proto-Northern Finnic: words with a reflex in Veps or Ludian, that do not originate from Samic or Russian. (Some Old Novgorodian or Proto-Slavic loans evidently date to Proto-Finnic, but for the most part they show distinctive phonetics, and are often also found in Southern Finnic.)

By internal chronology, several pan-Finnic innovations such as loss of palatalization, *d > *t and *š > *h appear to have occurred only after the initial division of Proto-Finnic into Inland Finnic (> South Estonian), Gulf of Riga Finnic (> Livonian) and Core Finnic (> all other Finnic varieties). However, with respect to these features, the reconstruction followed here is essentially that of Proto-Core Finnic.

E-

 * <, unless Est. is ← Fi. —  may be a more original variant.
 * < (1)
 * (obsl.) <
 * < NF
 * (→ ) < (NF? but ← B.)
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF (~ < )
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * (→ ) < (NF? but ← B.)
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF (~ < )
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF (~ < )
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (2)
 * < NF

I-
PF may have had *ji-, but in most cases this appears to be indistinguishable from *i-.


 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

(…)


 * < (cf. Est. )

Ä-

 * (dial., cf. ) <
 * (dial.) < ? NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial., cf. ) <
 * (dial.) < ? NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < ? NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF

HA-

 * (arch.) < NF?
 * < NF (+ cf. Est. ?)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < — Possibly derived from.
 * (obsl.) <
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (or ?)
 * < NF
 * (obsl.) < ?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) < ?
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (or ?)
 * < NF
 * (obsl.) < ?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) < ?
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) < ?
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) < ?
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) < ?
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

JA-

 * < NF
 * , (dial.) deriv. <  (cf. above)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * , (dial.) deriv. <  (cf. above)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * , (dial.) deriv. <  (cf. above)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * , (dial.) deriv. <  (cf. above)
 * < NF
 * , (dial.) deriv. <  (cf. above)
 * < NF
 * , (dial.) deriv. <  (cf. above)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

JO-

 * < NF
 * < ? (if not ← Sami)
 * (pron.) < (1)
 * (adv.) < (2)
 * < (if not ← Sami)
 * ~ dial. < NF
 * < NF (cf. jana, juna)
 * < ? (not elsewhere in Finnic, but possibly < PU)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * ~ dial. < NF
 * < NF (cf. jana, juna)
 * < ? (not elsewhere in Finnic, but possibly < PU)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < ? (not elsewhere in Finnic, but possibly < PU)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < (2)
 * < (2)
 * < (2)
 * < (2)
 * < (2)
 * < (2)

JU-

 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * < (2)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

JÜ-

 * , < NF
 * < NF (PF?)
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) < NF

JÄ-

 * < NF
 * (cf. ) <
 * < NF?
 * < NF ←
 * (dial.) (cf. ) <
 * < NF?
 * < NF ←
 * (dial.) (cf. ) <
 * < NF?
 * < NF ←
 * (dial.) (cf. ) <
 * < NF ←
 * (dial.) (cf. ) <
 * (dial.) (cf. ) <

MA-

 * ? < NF
 * < NF ?
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * ← NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * √mantV-
 * < NF
 * (cf. ) < ?
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * ← NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * √mantV-
 * < NF
 * (cf. ) < ?
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * √mantV-
 * < NF
 * (cf. ) < ?
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * √mantV-
 * < NF
 * (cf. ) < ?
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (cf. ) < ?
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (cf. ) < ?
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * < NF

ME-

 * < ? NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF

MI-

 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

MO-

 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF?
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

MU-

 * < NF
 * < (1)
 * ← (2)
 * (dial., cf. ) <
 * (cf. ) <
 * < (if not ← S)
 * < NF
 * (dial.) ←
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (cf. ) <
 * < (if not ← S)
 * < NF
 * (dial.) ←
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < (if not ← S)
 * < NF
 * (dial.) ←
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) ←
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) ←
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

MÜ-

 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

MÄ-

 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < (or *mätmi?)
 * <~ NF
 * < NF
 * ← NF
 * (dial.) <
 * < (or *mätmi?)
 * <~ NF
 * < NF
 * ← NF
 * <~ NF
 * < NF
 * ← NF
 * <~ NF
 * < NF
 * ← NF
 * < NF
 * ← NF
 * < NF
 * ← NF
 * < NF
 * ← NF
 * ← NF
 * ← NF

MÖ-

 * < NF
 * (dial.) < NF
 * < NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * ← NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * ← NF
 * (dial.) <
 * ← NF
 * (dial.) <
 * ← NF

S-
Note that PF *c is in most cases indistinguishable from *s by internal evidence, and is so treated here together with *s-.

ST-?
A single initial cluster has been proposed for PF to account for correspondences between Northern Finnic *s- and Southern Finnic *t-. (Most involved words are however loans; it seems still possible that they have simply been nativized in different fashion in the different proto-dialects.)
 * , < ?,  (cf. Võro , Liv. )
 * < ? (cf. Liv. )
 * < ? (cf. Est., Liv. )
 * < ? (cf. Est., Liv. )
 * < ? (cf. Est., Liv. )
 * < ? (cf. Liv. ; PU )
 * < ? (cf. )
 * < ? (cf. )

TÜ-

 * ← NF
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial, cf. ) <
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (arch., cf. ) < ?
 * < ? (or esIns ← Fi)
 * (dial.) <
 * (dial, cf. ) <
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (arch., cf. ) < ?
 * < ? (or esIns ← Fi)
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * (arch., cf. ) < ?
 * < ? (or esIns ← Fi)

TÄ-

 * < NF
 * < ? (or ← Samic?)
 * (dial.) < NF ←
 * < NF
 * < ? (or ← Samic?)
 * (dial.) < NF ←
 * < NF
 * < ? (or ← Samic?)
 * (dial.) < NF ←
 * < NF
 * < ? (or ← Samic?)
 * (dial.) < NF ←
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * < NF

TÖ-

 * < NF
 * ← ? NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * , ← ? NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * , ← ? NF
 * < NF
 * < NF
 * , ← ? NF
 * , ← ? NF
 * , ← ? NF