User:Tropylium/Proto-Uralic

Introduction
The following list is (for now) from

TBA:
 * all marked-reliable roots from
 * new roots from, etc.

Wiktionary's transcription first, followed by Sammallahti's exact transcription (if different). Cases marked with (!) differ more substantially in their reconstruction.

Proto-Uralic roots
(i.e. words with Samoyedic cognates known in 1988)


 * (reconstruction highly unclear)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction highly unclear)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction highly unclear)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction highly unclear)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear, perhaps better )
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * ( — unclear)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction difficult)
 * (reconstruction difficult)

Proto-Finno-Ugric roots
(i.e. roots without Samoyedic cognates known in 1988; many have by now been upgraded in status)


 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * ( (!)) (loan(s?))
 * (loan)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * (loan(s)?)
 * ( — same as )
 * (loan)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * (+Smy)
 * (loan)
 * (loan?)
 * ( — uncertain)
 * (+Smy)
 * (loan)
 * (+Smy)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy, loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ? ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan)
 * (loan)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — uncertain)
 * ( — uncertain)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * (loan)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — rather unrelated loans)
 * ( — rather parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy, loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ? ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan)
 * (loan)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — uncertain)
 * ( — uncertain)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * (loan)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — rather unrelated loans)
 * ( — rather parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * (loan)
 * (loan)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — uncertain)
 * ( — uncertain)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * (loan)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — rather unrelated loans)
 * ( — rather parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — rather unrelated loans)
 * ( — rather parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — rather unrelated loans)
 * ( — rather parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — rather unrelated loans)
 * ( — rather parallel loans)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( (!) — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan?)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * , ( — combined)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — possibly parallel loans)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)

Proto-Finno-Permic roots
(again, per 1988 status)


 * (loan)
 * (loan)
 * (loan(s?))
 * (+Ug)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * ( — probably substratal)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * (possibly loans)
 * ( (!)) (possibly loans)
 * ( — probably substratal)
 * (+Ug Smy)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * ( (+Smy)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Ug)
 * ( — unclear)
 * (~ IE?)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy?)
 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * ( — already under PU)
 * ( — unclear)
 * (possibly substratal)
 * (loan)
 * (loan)
 * (loan?)
 * (+Ug)
 * (+Ug)
 * (+Ug)
 * (+Smy)
 * (+Smy)
 * (loan?)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug?)
 * (loan(s?))
 * (loan(s?))
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * (loan(s?))
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * (+Ug)
 * ( — probably substratal)
 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * ( — probably substratal)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — under )
 * (+Ug)
 * (possibly loans?)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * (+Ug)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * (?) (+Ug)
 * (probably substratal)
 * ( — same as )
 * (loan)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy?)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug?)
 * (loan(s?))
 * (loan(s?))
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * (loan(s?))
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * (+Ug)
 * ( — probably substratal)
 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * ( — probably substratal)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — under )
 * (+Ug)
 * (possibly loans?)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * (+Ug)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * (?) (+Ug)
 * (probably substratal)
 * ( — same as )
 * (loan)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy?)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (loan)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — probably parallel loans)
 * (+Ug)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * (?) (+Ug)
 * (probably substratal)
 * ( — same as )
 * (loan)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy?)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( (!)) (+Smy?)
 * ( — reconstruction unclear)
 * ( — now explained otherwise)
 * (loan)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * (+Smy)
 * ( (!)) (+Ug)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)
 * ( — parallel loans)