User:Vahagn Petrosyan/research

I am not a linguist, but there remains a lot of low-hanging fruit in Armenian etymology even for amateurs.

This is a list of entries containing original Armenian etymological and philological research by me and other Wiktionarians. Although I always check the standard references of Armenian (e.g. HAB, J̌ahukyan 1987 and 2010, Olsen 1999, Martirosyan 2010), it is possible some of the stuff is already known. In any case, we came up with the discoveries independently.

My discoveries

 * (the etymology)
 * (the Coptic parallel)
 * (the Azerbaijani parallels)
 * (the Greek parallels)
 * (the etymology)
 * (the parallels other than Persian)
 * (the comparison with similar words denoting colors and animals)
 * (the Northeast Caucasian etymology and the clarification of comparanda)
 * (whole borrowing from Turkish)
 * (the discovery of the immediate Byzantine Greek etymon)
 * (the additional typological parallels for the 'halo' sense)
 * (the discovery of the Northeast Caucasian parallels and the clarification of the meaning); my etymology has been plagiarized and misattributed to Starostin by the "linguist" Thomas Wier:
 * (the Kurdish origin)
 * (the Kurdish mediation, because of form and identical idioms)
 * (the Syriac origin)
 * (the etymology)
 * (developing the Semitic etymology)
 * (some clues on the philological status of Turkish "xoxa")
 * (the development of the Semitic origin)
 * (the Turkic origin)
 * (the Kazakh parallel)
 * (the Azerbaijani etymology)
 * (the development of the Iranian etymology)
 * (strengthening the Semitic etymology; see also for the richness of the root in Aramaic)
 * (the Kurdish parallel with -b)
 * (the reference to DUL for Semitic origin of Urartian; see also the comment by User:Fay Freak at Talk:խաղող)
 * (the Caucasian and Pashto cognates; the connection with )
 * (the Semitic origin)
 * (the etymology)
 * (the Iranian etymology)
 * (the Iranian parallels)
 * (the Semitic etymology; could also be from the Zan descendant of, on which see )
 * / (direct Kurdish origin, helped by User:Calak; see also Talk:մշուշ)
 * (the Semitic origin)
 * (the etymology)
 * (the Iranian etymology)
 * (the close Kurdish cognate)
 * (comparison with the (reduplicated?) cognates of )
 * (developing the Iranian origin, with the help of User:Calak)
 * (the etymology and the philological status)
 * (the etymology)
 * (derivation from the city-name Assur)
 * (etymology from the word for "smooth" and the Iranian origin; clarifying the philological status as a dialectal word; typological comparison with )
 * (the Semitic origin)
 * (the comparison with Neo-Aramaic aryūnā)
 * (the Iranian etymology)
 * (finding the formally close Neo-Aramaic šišltā; see also the comments of User:Fay Freak at Talk:ܫܝܫܠܬܐ)
 * (the derivation from )
 * (the Aramaic parallel; see also Talk:պորտ)
 * (the discovery of the form and the Turkic origin of both)
 * (the Semitic origin)
 * (relation with, )
 * (the Iranian origin; the various berry words too may be derived from 'hairy' because of the small hairs on their surface)
 * (the Iranian origin)
 * (the Turkish descendants)
 * , (the Turkish origin)
 * (the Hurrian origin)
 * (the origin from Iranian *frāča- and connection with and )
 * (the comparison with the Arabic)
 * (the comparison with the Tabasaran)
 * (the comparison with the Caucasian forms; the discovery of the Kurdish and Zazaki descendants)
 * (borrowed from Persian, not Arabic; identification with Linaria probably wrong; with the help of User:Fay Freak – see Talk:ալուճ)
 * (the Romanian origin; for the origin of Romanian see Diebold, non vidi)
 * (the Turkic origin)
 * (the comparison with the European words and Turkic origin)
 * (the comparison with the Azerbaijani)
 * (the Northeast Caucasian origin)
 * (the Circassian comparison)
 * (the comparison with Aramaic 'reed' words)
 * (identifying with )
 * (the Ingush parallel and the discovery of the passage in Xawskʿ Pʿiloni)
 * (origin as τὰ + Hebrew bad)
 * (the Ingush parallel)
 * (the Kurdish and Zazaki descendants)
 * (the comparison with Iranian forms in -t for )
 * (the comparison with Georgian, , )
 * (the discovery of the attestation as )
 * (the Old Georgian descendant)
 * (the Iranian origin)
 * (improving the Arabic origin by finding the Latin intermediary and comparison with 🇨🇬)
 * (derivation from )
 * (strengthening the Greek origin)
 * (the Semitic origin; but later found Kerestedjian and Urišean already mentioned the Arabic)
 * (the Latin origin; see this for a discussion of the Latin term)
 * (the comparison with Georgian and Udi)
 * , (the Turkish-Arabic origin)
 * (the "laurel" sense may be spurious)
 * (the connection of the given names, )
 * (the Kurdish and Zazaki borrowings)
 * (the Greek etymology and the Venetian origin of the Greek etymon; the -r- a folk-etymological reshaping after or to avoid the homonym ?)
 * (the etymology as կապար ասի)
 * (the Georgian etymology)
 * (the Kashmiri cognate; Iranian?)
 * (the Iranian etymology)
 * (the Aramaic and Indian parallels; see also User:Fay Freak's comment at Talk:արագիլ)
 * (the connection with similar Eurasian fish names)
 * (the Northeast Caucasian etymology)
 * (the Semitic etymology; the similarity with Hebrew was noticed already by Ačaṙyan)
 * (comparing Vulgar Latin dalabra and Greek δηλάβρα; banishing Bolognesi's δολάβρα from comparison)
 * (the Arabic comparison)
 * (the Russian–Turkic etymology)
 * ,, (the Aramaic / Syriac etymology)
 * (the Semitic origin)
 * (the Iranian origin)
 * (derivation from Italian, rather than Latin; finding the 1750 attestation and claiming specifically Mekhitarist invention)
 * (derivation from Persian, rather than "Tatar"; joining of the ‘coal’ sense, found also in Persian)
 * (derivation from Arabic)
 * (identifying the Arabic etymon; the Armenian is probably borrowed from Georgian)
 * (the discovery of Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and Azerbaijani cognates)
 * (the Syriac origin)
 * , (the Indo-Aryan parallels)
 * (the derivation from Arabic)
 * (the derivation from Arabic ; used among Muslims as a girl's name)
 * (the Iranian origin)
 * (the Kartvelian origin; Ačaṙyan hesitantly considers the Georgian borrowed from Armenian, but he is unaware of its Kartvelian cognates which allow reconstructing a Proto-Kartvelian root; the Armenian is borrowed from Zan because of the vocalism)
 * (the Hulaulá parallel)
 * (the Georgian borrowing)
 * (the Iranian origin and the Georgian descendants)
 * (the comparison with, )
 * (the comparison of Georgian for sense development)
 * (the Assyrian Neo-Aramaic parallel)
 * (the explanation of )
 * (the Aramaic / Syriac origin)
 * (may be connected with, , ; note that User:TsibaTsibaTsiba says is 9–10th century, so it cannot be borrowed from dialectal )
 * (the etymology)
 * (has an Azerbaijani descendant; prompted by User:Allahverdi Verdizade's hunch that it is an Armenian borrowing)
 * (the Aramaic origin)
 * (the Aramaic origin)
 * ( is a better fit than Hübschmann's )
 * (the origin from the Semitic word for "lamb", together with User:Fay Freak)
 * (the Semitic origin; Ačaṙyan had noticed the similarity with Arabic naḥīt, but dismissed it as accidental; at Reconstruction talk:Proto-Semitic/naḥat- User:Fay Freak proposes to connect a family of Aramaic words)
 * (the Iranian origin)
 * (the Turkish origin and connecting the Turkish etymon with Turkic cognates known to derive from Mongolic; User:Cavidaga added the Udi and Azerbaijani cognates)
 * (the comparison with Mingrelian)
 * (connecting with the Romance words; could have been brought by the Crusaders or all could be independently borrowed from a "Mediterranean substrate")
 * , (the origin from the Semitic “afterbirth” word possibly contaminated from the Iranian ”sack” word, together with User:Fay Freak)
 * (comparison with 🇨🇬)
 * (calqued from obsolete 🇨🇬)
 * , (comparison with 🇨🇬)
 * (comparison with Ossetian)
 * (comparison with Georgian)
 * (the connection with Turkish )
 * (improving Chugaszyan's etymology; adding the Pontic Greek to the comparison)
 * (Iranian origin)
 * (Zan origin; I later found the joining of and  in this snippet, but I have no access to the book to check if it knows the origin. Some further thoughts: The Biblical sense "split wood, piece of wood, splinter" should perhaps be understood as "strip of tree bark", as in Mingrelian. Is  the same word? See also the discussion at Reconstruction talk:Proto-Georgian-Zan/šol-.)
 * , (the Aghwan comparison)
 * (the comparison with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬)
 * (the Georgian origin)
 * (the Kartvelian origin)
 * (the Georgian comparisons)
 * (the Tajik parallel)
 * (the Greek origin)
 * (This is considered i-stem based on NHB but without evidence, and the proto-form is usually reconstructed, but I found an a-stem attestation in Chrysostom, on which basis I propose to reconstruct feminine . Must have originally referred to women, as it does even now.
 * (The Turko-Mongolic origin. Dankoff compares with dialectal 🇨🇬, but is unaware of the ultimate origin, and AFAICT the Turkish has never been connected to its cognates known to derive from Mongolic.)
 * (the Georgian origin)
 * (the Kartvelian origin, though the vocalism needs an explanation)
 * (Connecting with Aghwan and deriving from Iranian. The connection with Aghwan is an important argument in favour of an Iranian borrowing, as that language does not seem to have borrowed much from Armenian apart from a few learned religious terms. The common words are mostly independent Iranian borrowings.)
 * (the etymologies of all senses)
 * (the etymology)
 * (the Northeast Caucasian borrowings, which were unknown except for Kryz)
 * (the Georgian origin)
 * (the explanation as )
 * (the Georgian origin)
 * (the Pontic Greek descendant)
 * : 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 are probably related
 * : The Georgian origin
 * : The Slavic origin
 * : Derivation from
 * : Derivation from
 * : The Georgian origin
 * : Has a Georgian descendant (or a close cognate)
 * : The Georgian origin
 * : The origin from . User:Fenakhay derives the Az. from.
 * : Connecting with, , and deriving from
 * : The Azerbaijani parallel. Probably ultimately Persian, compare
 * : Borrowing from . may be from the same source because baboons have long, dog-like muzzles.
 * / : The Azerbaijani origin.
 * : Has a Georgian descendant.
 * : The Semitic origin
 * : Has very similar Zan parallels. Instead of seeking irregular PIE etymologies for Armenian, we may consider, , , and the like, as well as my Zan parallels as sound-symbolic formations.
 * is just a misprint of

My uncertain discoveries

 * : Compare (Radlov 1911, 828), also ; an argot for an intoxicating drink?
 * : Compare 🇨🇬, whose red husk is somewhat similar to poppy; note also dialectal, which is synonymous to and like 🇨🇬 and  contains the word for "bride, doll".
 * : May be sound-symbolic. See the discussion at Talk:փակ.
 * : Some of the cognates of show Iranian tir, *tūr. If  originally referred to the caterpillar of a silk moth, i.e. to the silkworm, we may derive it from the Iranian word for mulberry. As is well known, silkworm's preferred food is mulberry leaves.
 * : Similar words are found in Indo-Aryan, see Turner s.v. dardurá
 * : If the Neo-Aramaic words mentioned by Ačaṙyan are of native Semitic origin, then the Armenian is borrowed from Syriac. Compare Aramaic qryˀ ‘a pest?’, qrh, qryˀ ‘gourd’,
 * : Similar words are found in Syriac, , but the sense development needs explanation
 * : Related to, ,
 * : From the Iranian semen word discussed at Talk:پیچ
 * : From, the -r- kept by the Kurdish borrowing
 * : May be related to, ,
 * : Comparable to the family of.
 * : The development of this form from may have been influenced by
 * : The first part could be connected with ,
 * : Hardly unrelated to, ,
 * : Agulis dialect listed by HAB as a descendant of  is rather borrowed from the family of, if it is not a misspelling of
 * , may be related to the Kartvelian words mentioned at  and the Semitic and Hittite words mentioned at . The similarity with Semitic is noticed and denied by Acharyan.
 * : May be an Iranian borrowing from the family of, preserving the meaning of lost in Iranian
 * : Compare ․ For ო ~ ու compare,.
 * : Is similar to.
 * , բով-: Compare.
 * , : Are similar to.
 * : Perhaps together with borrowed from the Iranian source which I posit for . Note also,.
 * : Acharyan derives from Armenian, but unknown to ghim there are also,  in Tusheti which are unlikely to be from Armenian. Armeno-Georgian words showing հ ~ ხ alternation are usually independently borrowed from Iranian (see in ). Note also  with a similar ending for which I propose an Iranian origin.
 * : Is similar to.
 * : Could be from, with a sense development.
 * : Could be from Georgian. See Talk:տկռել.
 * : Could be from the Iranian etymon of with the same preverb as, with a typological parallel in.
 * : See Talk:ალაო.
 * : could be borrowed Armenian with metathesis.
 * : Could be borrowed from a derivative of the Semitic root "to shave, make bald, become bald":,.
 * : Is akin to 🇨🇬.
 * : The species could be the, whose Armenian popular name is unknown, based on the typology of.
 * : Could be +
 * could have disappeared in dialects due to homophony with
 * could contain a descendant of as the second component
 * / : The association of the words for "sweet" and "milk" is widespread. See these parallels. If is real, it could have influenced the shape of, for example PIE  >  >>
 * փող-ո- is formally identical with Zan, but the semantics are off. For a possible explanation compare the etymology of.
 * could be a Kartvelian borrowing, from a descendant of
 * could be a Kartvelian borrowing, from the family of with sense development "crooked, bent" > "*crippled, defective" > "deaf"; the ɣ >  is regular, see

Others' discoveries

 * (the Iranian typological parallels, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish, Gurani and Alviri-Vidari parallels, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish parallel, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish parallel, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the Central Kurdish parallel, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the Iranian cognates found by User:Calak)
 * (the possible Central Kurdish cognate found by User:Calak)
 * (the Persian parallel found by User:Calak)
 * (the Iranian parallels found by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish parallel found by User:Calak)
 * (the Southern Kurdish parallel, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish parallels, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the derivation from Iranian *hwaid-, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish parallels, offered by User:Calak)
 * (the Iranian origin, discovered by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish parallels, offered by User:Calak)
 * (strengthening the Semitic etymology, by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the Kurdish and Bakhtiari parallels, by User:Calak)
 * , (the Iranian origin by User:Calak, the Slavic parallels by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the possible Iranian origin and the Kurdish parallel, by User:Calak; see Talk:-ավուն)
 * (developing the Semitic origin, by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the comparison of Central Kurdish and Khotanese, by User:Calak)
 * (the Iranian etymology, by User:Calak)
 * (derivation from the 'breast' word, by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish comparisons, by User:Calak)
 * (the Kurdish parallel, by User:Calak)
 * (the Mazanderani parallel, by User:Irman)
 * (the Syriac cognate and the Arabic typological parallel, by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the comparison with better Indo-Aryan words, by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the Central Kurdish parallel, by User:Calak)
 * (the Greek form with -ν-, by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the connection with the Semitic and Sumerian suggested by User:Fay Freak, to which I added the Ugaritic and Hebrew forms with an -r-)
 * (the comparison with Persian, by User:Calak; see also the Semitic connections proposed by User:Fay Freak at )
 * (the derivation of medical sense from Syriac, by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the derivation from the more suitable Aramaic rather than the Arabic as claimed in Muradyan and MHB, by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the Northern Kurdish parallel by User:Calak, which I connect more closely with )
 * (the Kurdish parallels by User:Calak; see Talk:پیچ for proposals on further origin)
 * (finding the close cognate by User:Solarkoid)
 * (the Iranian etymology by User:Calak)
 * (the Iranian etymology by User:Calak)
 * (the Iranian etymology by User:Calak)
 * (User:Solarkoid's philological analysis of 🇨🇬 points to it being late and possibly itself (re)borrowed from Armenian, on which basis I suspect that the Armenian is a Zan borrowing)
 * (the connection with Georgian by User:Sorjam; User:Solarkoid has further connected words meaning "mulberry" and "fig-mulberry")
 * (the derivation from the Iranian "pussy" word by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the comparison with Proto-Kartvelian by User:Solarkoid)
 * (the Georgian parallel by User:Giorgi Eufshi)
 * (the Kurdish parallel by User:Calak)
 * (User:Fay Freak's additions)
 * (the Kurdish parallel by User:Calak)
 * (the Semitic origin by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the addition of and  to comparison by User:Fay Freak)
 * (the Aramaic origin by User:Fay Freak)
 * (User:კვარია discovered Kiziqi and Imereti Georgian borrowings from modern Armenian, to which I added the Tiflis Georgian form)
 * (the connection with 🇨🇬 by User:კვარია)
 * (the connection with 🇨🇬 by User:Fay Freak; see also my comments at Talk:ցիրդ)
 * (the derivation from by User:Revolution Saga)
 * (the Semitic origin by User:Fay Freak; see Talk:անտառ for discussion)
 * ( has an identical formation, as noticed by User:Solarkoid. We are probably dealing with a calque.)
 * : Has a dialectal Georgian and Bats descendant (with ɣ), as noticed by User:კვარია
 * : Is onomatopoeic like . Proposed by User:Catonif.

Proposals which are too uncertain to go in the mainspace:
 * : User:Fay Freak compares, 🇨🇬 (see for additional forms); and  (see  for additional forms). I compare to 🇨🇬, which is considered a borrowing from.
 * : 🇨🇬 may be related (see, without the Armenian)
 * : User:Calak offers an Iranian origin at Talk:շարժ
 * : See User:Fay Freak thoughts and Chevedden's suggestion at Talk:բաբան
 * : User:Fay Freak says at Talk:պոչ it may be an expressive formation
 * : See User:Fay Freak's thought at Talk:թանթրվենի
 * : User:Cavidaga proposes derivation from 🇨🇬, whence we have, but I expect . Perhaps a Semitic intermediary can explain the phonetic irregularity. Note also that 🇨🇬 formally contains.
 * : User:Fay Freak compares to . See Talk:ցանց.
 * : User:Fay Freak's Semitic etymologies
 * : User:Fay Freak's Iranian proposal at Talk:հոյն
 * : User:Skiulinamo derives from a descendant of, but I think at best we can speak of a phono-semantic matching of Iranian if there is any relation with that Iranian family

Unnoticed publications

 * (Henning's Iranian etymology)
 * (Olsen's? Iranian etymology)
 * (Kartvelian etymology, as pointed out by User:Abkhazian1)
 * (origin from Georgian, which has a native Kartvelian etymology)
 * (the Iranian origin, first proposed by Adontz)
 * (Hovhannisyan's? Iranian etymology)
 * (Kerestedjian's and Urišean's comparison with Arabic marjūs, also reached independently by User:Fay Freak with additional materials; Kerestedjian's comparison with Latin murcus; +Syriac comparison by me; +Latin murgisō comparison by Fay Freak)
 * (Kerestedjian's and Urišean's comparison with Arabic)
 * (Kerestedjian's comparison with Persian keh, expanded by me)
 * (Kerestedjian's comparison with Greek, +my Syriac cognates, +my Pontic comparison)
 * (Olsen's derivation from Iranian by comparing with Parthian. It is assumed the Iranian words contain *fra- (see ). In my opinion the Armenian may be borrowed from a cognate formation with *pari-. Note that according to Cheung the Sogdian reflex may be formed with *pari-.)
 * (Klaproth's Iranian etymology)
 * (Hiwnkʿearpēyēntean's Iranian etymology)
 * (Kerestedjian's comparison with Kurdish, on which basis I assume an Iranian origin; User:Calak added Central Kurdish parallels)
 * (Perikhanyan's Iranian etymology)
 * (Manns' PIE etymology. I note that the o-stem attested in Pʿarpecʿi fits the etymology, and that the original form is probably ; for the PIE *nt > see )
 * (Asatrian's Iranian parallels; see Talk:փուշ)
 * (Ačaṙyan assumes that the Armenian, Turkish and "Eastern Turkish" (Azerbaijani) are independently borrowed from unattested Iranian, but the Turkish and Azerbaijani are only found in the dialects of Armenia and are borrowed from Armenian; see the Turkic entries with references. I propose a comparison with the sound correspondence seen in .)
 * (the Northern Kurdish parallel by Husein Muhammed in Rehnas – ferhenga etîmolojî ya zimanê kurdî, to which User:Calak added the Central Kurdish cognate)
 * (Shanidze connects the Georgian cognate with the family of, as pointed out by User:Solarkoid at Talk:ყაყაჩო; I have added additional members to that family from the languages of the Caucasus; User:Fay Freak has added Pashto forms; User:Calak has added the Central Kurdish form; both of them propose ultimately a Turkic origin at Talk:կակաչ; I am inclined towards Iranian origin)
 * (Rapp connects with 🇨🇬)
 * (Deeters' derivation from Georgian apud Klimov 1998)
 * (according to Gabesḳiria, the borrowing is from Zan, whereas the Georgian is a reborrowing from Armenian; source found by User:Solarkoid)
 * (according to Shanidze, borrowed from Georgian; source found by User:Solarkoid)
 * (Vogt derives from Kartvelian, which is likely if Fähnrich's Proto-Georgian-Zan reconstruction is secure)
 * (D. H. Müller's Semitic origin; User:Fay Freak has added Akkadian adiānu to the comparison)
 * (the Turkish descendant identified by Nshanyan)
 * (Klimov's derivation from Zan)
 * (Gippert's reconstruction of the nominative as . My comment: He assumes the attested nominative is and offers an explanation of its development from, but this is unnecessary. The only attested form is the instrumental  which can support a nominative .)
 * (Dervischjan's derivation from Iranian, corroborated by the Yagnobi, Roshani and Khufi terms I found in ESIJa)
 * (A native and an Iranian etymology have been suggested for the closely related 🇨🇬. See Talk:ალაგი)
 * (Dočanašvili's connection with Georgian)
 * (The Kartvelian material is much richer than is known to Ačaṙean. See it collected at by User:კვარია, with his own additions. See also my thoughts at Talk:ჩლიქი)
 * (The Turkic etymon has a well-known and easy native etymology: see . No need to connect it to .)
 * , : Has more Kartvelian comparanda than known to Acharyan. See the material User:კვარია and I collected at.
 * (Borrowed into New Greek and Pontic Greek, in addition to Cappadocian Greek. See also Talk:მაკათი for a potential Kartvelian etymology.)
 * (The literature on the Caucasian parallels is ignored: see the references in and . I have added, ,  to the comparison. Note also that Acharyan's  is unreliable: see Talk:կաղ.)
 * (The supposed Georgian borrowing has a native etymology, so I am taking the the borrowing in the opposite direction)
 * (Klimov's derivation from Georgian)
 * (Jahukyan's comparison with Middle Persian pargavār, found only in dictionaries without citations. If this Iranian word is secure and is formed with the preverb, then the Armenian is an Iranian borrowing. I find one hit for pargavār in the Karnamak edited in Persia. Someone should check it.)
 * (The Kartvelian forms have a secure native origin from and cannot derive from Armenian. I wonder if the Armenian is a Kartvelian borrowing, but the semantics need an explanation.)
 * (The Turkish material is much richer. See and Talk:արտալայ.)
 * (The Kartvelian material is much richer. See Talk:խիճ with literature and User:კვარია's original additions.)
 * (The supposed borrowing, does not exist, as noticed by User:Simboyd at Talk:ერთობა.)
 * (The similarity with is accidental. See Reconstruction talk:Proto-Kartvelian/ḳatx-.)
 * (The Caucasian material is much richer. See .)
 * (Bouda derives from this.)
 * : Aleksiva derives from this (found by User:Gubazes). I wonder if the ending of  is.
 * : Has rich comparanda which I have summarized at . See Talk:փաթիլ for our original proposals on the ultimate origin.
 * : The Georgian cognates are now considered native, so I have taken the borrowing in the opposite direction.
 * : Jahukyan compares to and derives from Kartvelian. Now  has been reconstructed for this, which is very fitting for Armenian. Jahukyan's comparison with  should be abandoned.
 * : The Caucasian material is richer. See Nikolayev / Starostin and Saidova.
 * : Satunin has identified the species as Sciurus anomalus.
 * : Bruinessen's connection with the Kurdish. I am treating the Armenian as a Kurdish borrowing due to dialectal distribution and lateness. I consider [d-] a spelling pronunciation.
 * : The existence of emphatic Akkadian ṣāṣu is in doubt. See Talk:sāsum. I am therefore considering this word an independent expressive formation and not a Semitic borrowing.
 * : Inčičean's explanation as an expressive formation.
 * : Inčičean's explanation as an expressive formation.
 * : Marr had connected with Kurdish. I am deriving from Kurdish due to the dialectal distribution and the apparent nativity of Kurdish which has a regular m > v sound law.
 * : Artvinli has recorded in Khevak, a Hamshen village. See here, where by the way they are discussing my etymology of  without attribution.
 * : Marr's connection with,.
 * : Has a Georgian descendant as noticed by Marr apud Č̣q̇onia.
 * : Altunkaya 2016 connects with Laz. I am deriving from Laz because the word is native there.
 * : Schulze derives the Lezghian words from Armenian, but since those are usually considered native, I am taking the borrowing in the opposite direction.
 * : Klimov has suggested a native origin for the supposed Laz descendant . To me, both the Armenian and Laz look like sound symbolic formations.
 * : Andronikashvili has suggested a good Ossetian etymology for the supposed Armenian borrowing . I am considering the Armenian to be borrowed from Georgian, because that is the most logical way for Ossetian to enter Armenian.
 * : The supposed Georgian borrowing has interesting Nakh parallels found by Ḳaḳašvili. In my opinion, we are dealing with a 🇨🇬 borrowing in Armenian and Georgian
 * : Compare Zoller's Indian parallels with depalatalized g-
 * : has a transparent inner-Laz etymology and is not borrowed from Armenian
 * : is native, hence I put the Armenian as a Georgian borrowing
 * : Bolognesi's Iranian etymology first published in 1984. The attempts to treat this as an inherited word won't die to this day.
 * : According to Andronikashvili, borrowed from Iranian (possibly via Georgian); source found by User:Solarkoid.
 * : Radlof connects with the family of . Found by User:Fay Freak.
 * : Is not from the Persian "ambergris" word (which is not a flower) but from, containing . This follows by synthesizing the sources. My comment: Since the classical correspondence of is , could  explained by it?