User:Xenos melophilos/Khalaj phonology (old)

Consonants

 * and are phonetically retracted ( and ). These sounds are also represented as  and  or  and


 * CANNOT be velarized


 * , and  are phonetically dental (,  and )


 * and can merge


 * can be dropped

Alophones

 * → →  →, or →
 * and →
 * → [-∅-]
 * →, or →
 * → [-∅-]
 * →, or →
 * → [-∅-]
 * →, or →
 * →, or →

Vowels

 * The close-mid, mid, and open-mid vowels' diaphonemes are ,
 * can be phonetically more back
 * ,, and   can be phonetically more or less rounded/spread, something like , ,  and
 * can be phonetically more open
 * Many vowels can be nasalized after, and in turn the nasalization can be dropped and remplaced by length

Historically (Urchaladsch in Doerfer), falling diphthongs come from close-mid vowels, and the vowel.
 * Some Khalaj dialects seem to preserve Proto-Turkic long vowels, while in others they're either re-emplaced with long diphtgongs, or they become a bit lower

Also, there are uncommon rising diphthongs

The former phonemes can have length and half-length. The last seem to blend in with themselves (thus, they aren't differentiated)

Alophones

 * → →  →,  or →
 * → * → →, or →
 * →  →, or →  →  →
 * →  →, or →  →  →
 * →  →, or →  →  →
 * →  →, or →  →  →
 * →  →, or →  →  →

Three main dialects
There are, among many others, three main dialects: Talxâbi (north), Mansûrâbâdi (south), and Xaltâbâdi (north). There's also Xarrâbî (central), but this section won't speak about it

Consonants

 * , and are just back-vowel allophones of  and  respectively. So, unlike Azerbaijani, there's not phonological difference between them, nor they are synarmonic with the vowels. But, like most Turkic languages,  and  tend to be pronounced in vicinity of front vowels, as, and  are so with back ones
 * The phonemes and  can merge into a post-velar consonant . So, unlike Azerbaijani, there's not difference between the phonemes, nor they are synarmonic with the vowels.
 * The phoneme can be  before close back vowels and seldom at the end after a back vowel
 * The initial and final can be . The medial  can become aspirated, in turn an affricate , and then a uvular
 * can be, in turn a fricative , and sometimes can merge and alternate with , which also can be
 * The final, , and consonant-cluster  can be voiceless phonemes , , , and
 * In final position, can be elided after, in turn  can  be
 * and are only seen in loanwords.
 * , and can be aspirated, and

Diaphonemes

 * :, , , , , and


 * :, and


 * :, , and


 * :, , , , and


 *  :, and


 *  :, , and


 *  :, and


 *  :, , and

Vowels

 * Rising diphthongs are less common than falling ones
 * An "alternative" of some long falling diphthongs are, and , from ,  and
 * can be an allophone of after  and . The same sound can be alophone of

Diaphonemes

 * :, , , , , and ; the last one can be a bit delabialized
 * :, , and
 * :, , , , and
 * :, , , and
 * :, , and
 * :, , , , and
 * :, , , , and

Diphthongs
It can be said there are 2 types of diphthongs: pitch diphthongs and normal diphthongs
 * Pitch diphthongs are composed by two vowels: a long vowel plus a reduced one with falling(-rising) tone
 * Normal diphthongs are just a vowel plus a reduced one. But the first vowel is always stressed.

Vowel length
There are two main types of length: half length and length proper. Many vowels can have length and/or half-length. But there are two exceptions (among others):
 * If a vowel is short, then it can be extra short
 * If a vowel is long or if a diphthong is short, then it can be a half-long vowel, and in turn it can be a short vowel.

Dialectal differences

 * In Mansûrâbâdi and  are dropped intervocalically and at the end of a word
 * The rounded and  are preserved in Talxâbi and Xaltâbâdi, but in Mansûrâbâdi they become unrounded ( and )
 * In Talxâbi, and  become  and . The same vowels become  in Mansûrâbâdi
 * In Xaltâbâdi and Talxâbi the final becomes
 * In Talxâbi becomes  in the middle and final positions
 * In Xaltâbâdi the vowels and  may alternate.

Consonants

 * There are also the lenis, , , , , and the fricative
 * becomes before velars
 * may be palatalized before
 * may be palatalized.
 * may become.
 * can merge or alternate with, via and/or
 * may be lenis (at the beginning), affricate, aspirated , or uvular  (at the end)
 * may be lenis at the end.

Vowels

 * There are also, and
 * is an allophone of
 * Sometimes is an allophone of

Consonants

 * There are also the lenis, , and the fricative
 * may be voiced after a voiceless consonant
 * may be voiced or lenis
 * may merge with at the end

Vowels

 * There are also, , and