Wiktionary:About Chinese/Nanjing

       belongs to the Jianghuai group of Mandarin. Nanjing Mandarin was the standard Chinese dialect during the Ming and the Qing dynasties.

Conservative vs. Innovative
On Wiktionary we adopt the conservative dialect, which is the practice of all 7 sources. These two sources document the innovative dialect as well, but are limited to individual characters:.

There are a number of differences between the so-called "conservative dialect" and "innovative dialect", as demonstrated below:
 * : in the innovative dialect, under the presence of the glide, the alveolar consonants merge into the alveolo-palatal consonants.
 * : in the innovative dialect, the retroflex series is merged into the alveolar series except for the two rimes.
 * 1) The two finals  in the conservative dialect are split into four rimes  in the innovative dialect.
 * 2) The initial  in the conservative dialect are split into two initials  in the innovative dialect, which is predictable based on the final, but the sources disagree on which finals give which initial.

Within Conservative
There are a number of differences between the sources that document the conservative dialect:


 * 1) The vowels  are merged into  in two sources , which affect the finals . On Wiktionary, we keep them distinct.
 * 2) The three finals  have the  glide conditionally deleted in two sources  . On Wiktionary, we keep the glide.
 * 3) The final  is realised as  in four sources    . On Wiktionary we use.

Romanization
A modified version of Hanyu Pinyin is used on Wiktionary. All pinyin rules apply.

Initials
Nanjing Mandarin has 21 initials, including the zero initial:

Finals
Nanjing Mandarin has 49 finals, including 3 syllabics, but not including various finals created by erhua.
 * T2 || 24 || light level / 陽平 || ||
 * T3 || 11 || rising / 上 || ||
 * T4 || 44 || departing / 去 || ||
 * T5 || 55 || entering / 入 || ||
 * }
 * T4 || 44 || departing / 去 || ||
 * T5 || 55 || entering / 入 || ||
 * }
 * }

Rules for Combining Initials, Finals, and Tones
These are generally the same as pinyin:
 * 1) ü becomes u before j,q,x,y. e.g..
 * 2) With the zero initial, i- becomes y-, u- becomes w-, and ü- becomes yu-. e.g., ,.
 * 3) For finals with long and short forms, i.e. uei/ui, iou/iu, uen/un, the long form is used for zero initial (with rule 2), and the short form for non-zero initials. e.g.,.
 * 4) The diacritic is placed on the first vowel letter, unless the first vowel letter is i/u/ü and another vowel letter follows, in which case the diacritic is placed on the second vowel letter. This applies to ii as well, where the diacritic is placed on the second i. e.g..
 * 5) Note that ii exists because  and  have the same initial.

Input
Use  in  using the romanization system as described above. Spaces and capitalisation are allowed.

with :

with  (sandhi):

Erhua can create rimes that are different from just the original syllable + r. In that case, use  to indicate the result of erhua.

with :