Wiktionary:About Russian

This page is trying to provide a comprehensive guideline for any issues that arise in connection with the Russian language, in particular Russian words, in Wiktionary. It is mainly an instruction on how to format articles on Russian words (more precisely, how to format the Russian section of an entry). It is also concerned with Russian translations of English words.

Formatting of pages on Russian words
You are advised to read Entry layout explained first. It sets forth the general formatting rules for pages, as well as those specific to the English language.

The entry on the Russian word should be inserted into the article in alphabetical order. It begins with the level-two header

==Russian==

and ends with four dashes in an otherwise empty line if another language follows. If the "Russian" header is not at the top of the page, i.e., there is at least one other level-two header somewhere above it, make sure it also has four dashes atop.

The headers allowed below the "Russian" header are the same as those used for English entries. They also have the same order and levels as for English words, and the format of their content will generally be identical as well, though certain differences between the two languages have to be taken into account, such as the "Declension" header.

Pronunciation
Each Russian section should start with

===Pronunciation=== * * (repeat if word may be stressed or otherwise pronounced in more than one way) (The stressed vowels may be copied from this list: Á á Ó ó É é У́ ý И́ и́ Ы́ ы́ Э́ э́ Ю́ ю́ Я́ я́) Usually no extra parameters are necessary, as the Russian spelling with stress almost always results in an automatically generated correct IPA for the word; if this is not the case, see for how to specify the correct pronunciation.

This may be followed by * if the corresponding file exists. will normally be the word without stress marking, but in some cases a different convention may be followed.

Nouns
Headwords for Russian entries should be in the nominative singular (or nominative plural if there is no nominative singular, e.g. ). It is not necessary to list declined forms or plural forms of the word because every entry includes a declension table, or paradigm.

Declensions
Russian nouns are declined (there are the occasional exceptions, e.g. Колорадо) for six cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, and prepositional) and two numbers (singular and plural). The nominative singular of a noun is its "basic" form, on whose page we include the definitions and all further information. It would be ideal to provide a complete declension table for each noun, including those which do not decline for all cases. If the word is not used in either the singular or the plural, this should be noted, and the declension table should only include the number the word declines for.

See Russian inflection templates for instructions on how to use the appropriate templates.

Verbs

 * Conjugations
 * Conjugation tables
 * All forms (command forms, participles, etc.)
 * Applicable templates
 * , implemented by Module:ru-verb


 * Appendix
 * Appendix:Russian verbs

Adjectives

 * Comparative forms
 * Declensions and declension tables
 * Short forms
 * Applicable templates
 * Headword template: Template:ru-adj (-ее, -ейщий)
 * Declensional template: Template:ru-decl-adj (новый)

Adverbial participles
Examples:

Impersonal verbs
Examples:

Possessive adjectives
Examples:

Predicate adjectives
Examples:

Predicatives
Examples:

Idioms
Examples:

Verb forms
Entries for most inflected verb forms (apart from participles) start

Verb
blank line followed by a list of the forms thus inflected in the form # and optional usage examples in the form #:

Examples:
 * — (first person plural indicative present imperfective & future perfective of )

Uninflected participles
Entries for uninflected (long masculine singular) forms of participles have the form ===Participle=== blank line # blank line ====Declension====

Examples:
 * — (present passive imperfective participle of использовать)

Inflected participles
Entries for inflected forms of participles have the form ===Participle=== blank line (repeat as needed for all forms thus inflected) Where
 * 1)  (optional, helpful) : translation into English
 * is a sequence of parameters specifying the form thus inflected; this may be  or.
 * may be,  ,   or.
 * may be,  ,  ,  ,   or   preceded if needed (accusative), by.
 * may be,   or, where appropriate, free text such as “ ” (as in ).
 * (these parameters may be in any order and need not be abbreviated, see for more details)

Sometimes a case such as the feminine singular instrumental of has two forms (here,  & ). In these cases, such entries should inform the user of this by including a subsection:

====Synonyms==== * for relevant case thus in the above example, in : * for feminine singular instrumental case

Examples:
 * — (neutral singular nominative & mainly inanimate accusative of )
 * — (short feminine singular of )

Verb prefixes
Examples:
 * на-, вы-, по-

Spellings with ‘е’ instead of ‘ё’
Since Russian words spelt with ‘ё’ are usually printed with ‘е’ instead, it should be possible for a user to find such spellings, especially as this confuses many learners. The issue is under discussion in, but the following points seem fairly clear:
 * Hard redirects (with ) are definitely undesirable.
 * Soft redirects are definitely desirable when the form with ‘е’ is also a word (in any language).
 * Soft redirects should use the template family (based on, see there); see also  for an example.
 * A soft redirect page should probably start with.
 * Soft redirects when the form with ‘е’ is only the alternative form of a Russian word with ‘ё’ may or may not be desirable: this is under discussion.

Translations into Russian
All translations into Russian (in entries for words in other languages) are to be transliterated with word stresses and gender for nouns; for verbs one may optionally specify their aspect. Translations are specified with the usual templates and, which automatically generate the transliteration (WT:RU TR), remove stress marks from the link and link to the Russian section of the page.
 * If the translation is a single word, use the template . This generates a superscript link to Russian Wiktionary.
 * For a noun,  should be ,   or   to specify the gender.
 * For a verb,  may be specified as   (imperfective) or   (perfective).
 * For other parts of speech,   is not needed.
 * An inflected form can be linked to a different page (in both Wiktionaries) with the parameter alt as in.
 * If the translation consists of more than one word, use the template.
 * In this case, code links in the translation as   or.

Romanization
Russian transliterations (that is, romanizations) are not words. Russian entries are only permitted in the Cyrillic script. Please see Russian transliteration for more complete information.

Tasks

 * Add pre-reform orthography spellings from before the year 1918 where applicable; see the entry for an example.
 * Add pre-reform declensions where applicable; see the entry for an example.
 * Add any descendants, like loanwords in Karelian, Votic, Ingrian, Kildin Sami and others, where applicable.