Wiktionary:Etymology scriptorium/2019/October

nociceptive - no etymology on page
from Latin nocēre, prefixed to receptor, with the standard -or/ive ending: elector - elective; descriptor - descriptive, ...
 * Contrary to the "no etymology on page" added to the header, there is actually an etymology on the page (recently added after the rfe), but it doesn't match the above:
 * Latin nocēre + English (abbrev.) (re)ceptive
 * The one above seems to be modified from the etymology at nociceptor
 * From + contracted form of (re)ceptor
 * There are problems with all of these. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:33, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Did I edit that page? I recall looking for Latin etymology, but not finding any. Was an edit of mine that I don't remember rolled back? DCDuring (talk) 03:42, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Oh, right. I put wikilink brackets around nociceptive on this page in this diff]. I didn't think I'd made any other changes. DCDuring (talk) 03:46, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
 * My mistake- that wording was in the original header as added by the anon. Chuck Entz (talk) 04:20, 6 October 2019 (UTC)


 * The term was coined by, who spelled this and analogous terms with a hyphen: noci-ceptive. This is just one of quite a few of his coinages formed with the triad of suffixes ,  and , which he applied to , , , , , , and . It looks like proprio-ceptive may have been the first one published, but I cannot check this.  --Lambiam 21:05, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

police state
Could this be a calque of ? The German apparently dates to the first part of the 19th century, but became particularly prominent during the revolutions of 1848. I can't find anything in English that clearly predates 1848 (all the earlier hits are either misdated or things like "X of (the) police, state(s)"). ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  10:56, 5 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The oldest ones I found, not counting duplicates, were: 1852 (spelled “police-state” with a hyphen; translated from German ), 1853 (spelled “police State” with a capital “S”; translated from German ), 1874 (spelled again with a hyphen; translated from German ). This evidence supports the thesis. --Lambiam 00:00, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
 * From what I know about how Germans make up words and how English made up words, it is likely. Germany is where one has systematized, and the English systems of philosophy were largely an of the German one, compare only , particularly in making comprehensive pictures of society. Both the concept of the night watchman state is calqued from German and communism has been most notoriously described in German, just to sketch a bit. But from the start of the World War I the  rather swept the extensive dependence of British thought upon Germany under the carpet, rebranding herself by relabelling the past “”. There are surely many known and established terms buried in the English dictionaries from the hundred years before 1914 that have yet to be uncovered as calques from German. It is a neglected discipline since unlike with what we commonly know as borrowing and which bewrays its history by its phonological shape one needs to be a kind of a historian of ideas to discover the calques. Fay Freak (talk) 00:37, 6 October 2019 (UTC)

دين
RFV of the etymology. More specifically to an obscure side point that's really about /, not :

The last part was changed by a Canadian IP (who's also edited a couple of entries) from:
 * The sense of religious creed or a system of religious rules is borrowed directly from, which is from which underwent influence from 🇨🇬 when the  incorporated its Semitic kingdoms; the term already having a predecessor with a religious sense in ,akin to 🇨🇬(dhyāna)
 * , which is possibly from, itself potentially developing from the 🇨🇬 legal sense; religious obligation to deities, the system or conduct of the priesthood regarding divinities.

I reverted it before I realized that it wasn't talking about the Semitic part of the derivation. I know very little about etymology, so I thought it would be a good idea to check whether this is at all plausible, since my revert marked it as patrolled and took it off the radar. Chuck Entz (talk) 03:06, 6 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The derivation from Middle Persian from Avestan and even from Elamite is already sourced, below with Arthur Jeffery, who also cites other scholars. And again with Johnny Cheung. Note that almost every foreign word in the Qurʾān is treated by Arthur Jeffery’s 1938 book (with but obscure additions by Margoliouth 1939). The IP’s addition that 🇨🇬 is akin to 🇨🇬 is a good point and worth mention. It does not rule out influence by, in which form ever – but nothing as far back as the second millenium BC is that clear. I will formulate the paragraph shrewdly, both should be mentioned. Fay Freak (talk) 11:38, 6 October 2019 (UTC)


 * Thanks, all, for dealing with this. -- 05:07, 10 October 2019 (UTC)

将棋
Possibly related to Chinese 象戯? The Japanese term can be also written as kanji 象戯, which is a homophone of 将棋 using on'yomi readings. This can be seen especially in early works, like 象戯図式. ᾨδή (talk) 09:08, 7 October 2019 (UTC)


 * The Kotobank page has many relevant entries. The Japanese Wikipedia article also has a section on the history of shogi.  And there's also the Gogen-Allguide entry.
 * The broad consensus, inasmuch as there is one, is that chess originated in India, made it to China (possibly via Persia, where apparently they've found flat chess pieces?) where it was called some variation of or, then either it came to Japan and eventually was relabeled , or came via Korea where that spelling may have first appeared and then made it to Japan.
 * HTH, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 05:37, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
 * HTH, ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 05:37, 9 October 2019 (UTC)


 * Interesting. This means that 将棋 could have been ateji, and that shogi have taken the name of pieces from a Persian branch chess but the movement of pieces from the Southeast Asian branch. ᾨδή (talk) 07:47, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

durst
how does the form durst come about from dare + -est? --Backinstadiums (talk) 12:12, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * It doesn't. It is the Modern English descendant of Old English dorste, which was one past tense form of Old English durran. Tharthan (talk) 21:38, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I.e. like  is actually the past of . Fay Freak (talk) 19:42, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

tangle, entangle
Merriam-Webster claims that tangle was originally a shortened form of entangle, which it claims is derived from Anglo-French (vague phrasing, there) entagler ["to implicate, to prosecute (for)"].

Does this have any merit? Tharthan (talk) 19:58, 7 October 2019 (UTC)


 * I see something else: “,, probably short for , from Anglo-French , to prosecute (for), implicate“.  --Lambiam 21:56, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I don't know what merit it has. I cannot find a reference to Middle French entangler or entagler in the Dictionnaire du Moyen Français located here [], neither in Old French here []. Would this term have originally come into Anglo-French and Middle English near the same time, from the same Scandinavian source ? Leasnam (talk) 22:49, 7 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, sorry Lambiam. "entanble" was a typo. I meant to say "entangle". Notice how close "G" and "B" are on a QWERTY keyboard. I have now fixed that unintended error. Tharthan (talk) 23:27, 7 October 2019 (UTC)

nudge
I noticed a curious etymology for this word elsewhere:

"1665–75; variant of dial. (k)nidge, akin to Old English cnucian, cnocian to knock"

It seems that there is a good bit of disagreement about the etymology of this word. Might this be worth looking into? Tharthan (talk) 15:05, 8 October 2019 (UTC)


 * We do have an entry for, with descendant . We also have an entry for (Modern) , “to dress the face of (a stone) with a sharp-pointed hammer”, without etymological info. Finally, we have , “to rub, squeeze, press with the knee“, again without etymological info (but presumably related to ). --Lambiam 17:27, 8 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Do you think, then, that it is worth mentioning in nudge’s etymology section? Tharthan (talk) 23:24, 8 October 2019 (UTC)
 * In principle we mention all credible or widespread popular etymologies, preferably referencing sources for theories that are not well known, but IMO we should refrain from publicizing fringe theories by amateur would-be etymologists. --Lambiam 15:36, 9 October 2019 (UTC)
 * That is a good, prudential judgement. My thought after having seeing that there is disagreement about the etymology of this word, and also seeing the proposed "variant of (k)nidge" origin in one location, was that perhaps we ought to look into how probable our own given etymology is for this word. Tharthan (talk) 19:38, 9 October 2019 (UTC)

wiz
Due to the prevalence of wine-whine merging dialects, this is often written as "wiz" or "whiz". As such, I have to wonder: could this be partially from whizbang (sense 3)? Tharthan (talk) 05:08, 11 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Which sense/meaning of are you inquiring about ? Leasnam (talk) 00:00, 12 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Etymology 1, sense 1.
 * And, again, I'm not suggesting that our etymology is erroneous. I am suggesting that the usage of "whiz" for "whizbang" (sense 3) may well have contributed to the current word. Tharthan (talk) 04:55, 12 October 2019 (UTC)
 * No further thought on this?
 * It seems probable, no? Tharthan (talk) 13:01, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Some connection seems plausible, but directionality is hard to tell; it might also be that sense 3 of is rather due to . --Tropylium (talk) 18:10, 8 November 2019 (UTC)
 * What are the odds of that? Tharthan (talk) 23:44, 10 November 2019 (UTC)
 * A glance at Google NGram tells an interesting story: []. Most dictionaries cite c. 1902 as the first recorded use of wiz in its current sense, but whizbang doesn't appear till 1915 with the sense of "something conspicuous for noise, speed, excellence, or a startling effect". Similarity in form and meaning might simply be coincidental. Leasnam (talk) 01:52, 11 November 2019 (UTC)

Vietnamese female name Đào
Currently, the page on gives "from 陶" as the etymology. For the family name sense that makes sense. But isn't the female name sense more likely to come from 桃? MuDavid 栘𩿠 (talk) 07:13, 11 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Pinging, who added the etymology in the first place. MuDavid 栘𩿠 (talk) 07:25, 11 October 2019 (UTC)

nasty
We somewhat recently evaluated the etymology, and as a result added several alternative theories. HOWEVER, it is very clear that the word descends from 🇨🇬, being attested since the late 14c (c. 1390), and with that being said I believe the following theories should be removed: Leasnam (talk) 23:50, 11 October 2019 (UTC)
 * . - "Dutch" didn't exist at the time.
 * Other suggestions include, hardening of , or alteration of . - Just...No.
 * Modern use of the word is sometimes attributed to the popular and often derogatory 19th century American political cartoons of, but the word predates him. - word existed before Thomas Nast was born.
 * The modern Dutch word occurs with the spelling nestich in Middle Dutch; the Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek states that the term is probably cognate with English nasty. The OED supports the Dutch etymon. So this theory should not be discarded lightly. Furthermore, if we remove well-documented theories put forward by respectable sources, users are certain to keep adding them. If any such theories have convincingly been discredited, I think it is better to mention this rather than remove them. --Lambiam 11:40, 13 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Middle Dutch nestig, nistich doesn't seem (to me) to derive from the word for "nest", as it doesn't mean "like a nest" but rather "nasty, dirty, ugly, bad", which nests are not...birds usually keep them fairly tidy. The word might actually be cognate with the Middle English word. I've updated the entry. I'm fine with leaving the others for their informative value. Leasnam (talk) 21:11, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * , the Middelnederlandisch Woordenboek also doesn't derive this from . From the link provided by Lambiam:

 Waarschijnlijk heeft het woord niets met nest, vogelnest, te maken, maar is het één in oorsprong met eng. nasty, vuil, smerig, ook onaangenaam. Daarnaast ''oeng. nast'', vuiligheid, slik (Hall.). The word probably has nothing to do with nest, "bird's nest", but has the same origin as English nasty, "foul, grubby, also unpleasant". In addition Old English nast, "filth, mud" (Hall.).
 * So our Dutch reference traces both the Middle Dutch term and the English term to 🇨🇬. I'm not that up on 🇨🇬, but perhaps this provides a useful clue?  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 21:29, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks Eirikr ! though I wasn't able to find nast (or nāst, næst, etc.) in Old or Middle English with that meaning. I'll keep looking. Leasnam (talk) 22:04, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Poking around in Duden for any likely cognates, I did stumble across 🇨🇬 and then English relative . Both refer to something soft, which could fit the purported older nast sense of "mud".  But then again, both the DE and EN terms point to older forms with medial, not .  How likely is any such  →  shift?  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 22:33, 14 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure, but it looks on the surface to me that the root might be 🇨🇬, which possibly gave rise to =>  (?) I would consider naschen and nesh to be unrelated to anything from *nataz, as those roots have an initial *hn-  Leasnam (talk) 01:01, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

sexy time
I thought sexy time ~ sexytime or sexy times ~ sexytimes originates from the Borat film. Am I wrong? I can't find any evidence against: all the citations we have, and all the relevant Urban Dictionary entries I've found, (usually well) postdate the film, or even credit it directly. Oh wait: I've found a 2006 entry on Urban Dictionary that precedes the film but credits the Borat character, and a 2005 entry that precedes the film but not the character's appearance on US television ... hm ... so I think the term is strongly associated with the Borat character, and was at least popularised if not coined by him. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 00:56, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The term was apparently used in an 18 June 2003 post on a site dedicated to the Borat character. --Lambiam 08:48, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks! That seems to confirm that the term goes back to the Borat character and was popularised by the film. Shouldn't we note that? --Florian Blaschke (talk) 21:19, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes, I think that in general we should identify the coiner of a term when known, for which the etymology section is the appropriate spot. We even have a newly minted coin for that. The fact that all older uses of “sexy time” are associated with Borat makes it a virtual certainty that indeed Baron Cohen (in his incarnation as Borat Sagdiyev) coined the term already in his appearances in Da Ali G Show. --Lambiam 23:04, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
 * It is used in this sketch around 6:40, that according to Wikipedia was aired on 21 February 2003. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  06:52, 21 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I've edited the entry accordingly. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 20:53, 21 October 2019 (UTC)

West Frisian duit
Several etymological dictionaries mention West Frisian duit (easily attestable) as a cognate of 🇨🇬, strongly suggesting that it wasn't borrowed from (modern) Dutch. It is also often mentioned as conjecture that the words in both languages may have been borrowed from Old Norse during the Early Middle Ages. Does anyone know whether the West Frisian term can be traced to Old Frisian? ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  09:51, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * It contains a phoneme that occurs only in terms borrowed from Dutch, so if it's not borrowed, there needs to be an explanation for the non-native phoneme. —Rua (mew) 16:50, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * According to Pfeifer, Middle Dutch duit is merely cognate with Old Norse þveiti, not borrowed. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 19:10, 21 October 2019 (UTC)

-eroo
Do we have any idea where this comes from?

Is it simply an expressive coinage, or similar? Tharthan (talk) 13:02, 15 October 2019 (UTC)


 * I don’t know if this contributed in any form, but is an old-fashioned spelling of “”, and there are monkey species referred to as . As an obvious addition, an old word is, used by Kipling in his 1897 novel  (see also the supplement to the 1910 Century Dictionary); however, this was a verb, not a noun, and the suffix was actually -oo here. I may be mistaken, but I think that, next to  (described here as Australian slang for “something especially good”, “a sure winner” – not “a little bite”),  was one of the first -eroo nouns. In this 1965 SF story (unfortunately snippet view only) one of the characters does not know what a “switcheroo” is.  --Lambiam 21:32, 15 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Our entry gives 1889 for first attestation of buckaroo (alt. buckeroo), which we say is from Spanish vaquero. DCDuring (talk) 22:30, 15 October 2019 (UTC)

selderij/selderie
From the RFE banner in : Where did the /d/ come from? It's a good question. All etymological dictionaries state that it is a borrowing from 17th century French, but did /d/ epenthesis between /l/ and /r/ operate that late or is its presence the result of analogy? ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  09:03, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
 * From Middle Dutch and Middle Low German to Dutch and Low German one swayed between -ld- and -ll- in general, like became, and when everything became -ll- one corrected up some of these to -ld- even if they did not have it originally. Typical for Low German/Dutch. Fay Freak (talk) 11:21, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The form heller for is attested as late as 1657. It seems that Middle Dutch mulre “miller” only solidified into  with its epenthetic /d/ in Modern Dutch; Kiliaan (1599) still lists the form moller. Likewise, the form solre for Modern  is reportedly still occasionally found in the 16th century. And the transition from  to  also took place in the 16th century.  --Lambiam 10:58, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The ultimate origin of this epenthetic -d-, a well-known phenomenon, is thought to be in oblique forms where -lr- > -ldr- is a quite unremarkable development, though mulre indicates that this -d- was not yet there in Middle Dutch. See, however, Wikipedia.
 * By the way, I wonder why is not covered by us at all. The only mention I can find is in the etymology section of . --Florian Blaschke (talk) 18:50, 22 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Mulder nowadays isn't the main term for "miller" anymore, though it is still present in many dialects. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  10:30, 30 October 2019 (UTC)
 * To reiterate, the question was about the end date of d epenthesis. But I think the current etymology more or less works. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  10:30, 30 October 2019 (UTC)

cerulean, hoar
The etymology at cerulean says "cognate to 🇨🇬. More at ", but none of those entries link to a common ancestor. Ultimateria (talk) 17:59, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
 * An earlier version said “from, from . Cognate with ...”, so at that time there was a connection. This was inconsistent with the etymology later provided at , and so an editor changed this a few months ago to “from , from . Cognate with ...” – thereby breaking the alleged PIE connection. --Lambiam 21:23, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
 * So it was wrong before and now it's right? We can remove the English/Old English connection? Ultimateria (talk) 15:47, 18 October 2019 (UTC)
 * There can be little doubt that derives from the noun  meaning “sky”. The etymology we have now for the latter allows no cognacy with har/hoar and is in line with the etymology preferred by De Vaan, although he presents it together with other theories and hedges it with words like “may” and “possibly” – nothing sounding as definitive as how we present it. But nothing hoary to be found there, also not as an alternative theory.  --Lambiam 22:31, 18 October 2019 (UTC)

calm
I looked in a few dictionaries and lexica and didn't find a reference to a Doric Greek form corresponding to Attic Greek  in the LSJ, or an indication that Latin  was derived from it. It's improbable because the Doric would probably have a long vowel, which disagrees with the Latin short vowel. That part of the etymology was added. Still, I'm curious if this etymology has any source whatsoever. — Eru·tuon 18:20, 17 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Apart from phonetic considerations, it is also unlikely that the verb caleō (“to be hot”) was a borrowing of a noun. There is a verb (“to beguile, especially by music” – like Orpheus), which is an unlikely etymon for semantic reasons.  --Lambiam 20:45, 17 October 2019 (UTC)

walrus (Dutch)
Are there any references available for the apparent theory that could also be from wal + reus? It isn't in any of the etymological dictionaries here and seems rather fanciful. ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  07:38, 22 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Good catch. Looks like a too-clever-by-half paraetymology.
 * I just checked; it was inserted in this edit by User:Morgengave. --Florian Blaschke (talk) 19:01, 22 October 2019 (UTC)

-h- instead of -g- in Gothic -ags
So on the page for Gothic “-𐌰𐌷𐍃“ this is displayed: (This etymology is missing. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “why -h-?”)

The reason is known but I am not totally sure how best to word it for the etymology section of this page.

The reason is as follows: -𐌰𐌷𐍃 is of course a variant of -(𐌰)𐌲𐍃 and it is a matter of stress in the PIE word. It can be summed as working just like Verner’s Law, where -𐌰𐌲𐍃 < PGmc *-agaz < PIE *-kós/ḱos and -𐌰𐌷𐍃 < PGmc *-ahaz < PIE *-kos.
 * You are right, Verner alternants always throw me off for some reason. Thank you, I have fixed it. — Mnemosientje (t · c) 17:28, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

jabón
The descendants list in this Spanish entry has at least a couple misplaced Portuguese loans, though there are some cases where it's not at all clear which language they came from. Chuck Entz (talk) 14:00, 23 October 2019 (UTC)

倗
Related to ? ωικιωαrrιor ᑫᑫ1ᑫ 13:11, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

a little bird told me
The etymology is awfully long. Canonicalization (talk) 17:08, 24 October 2019 (UTC)

白左
RFV of the etymology: Blend of 白痴 + 左派. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 16:58, 25 October 2019 (UTC)
 * 白左 is restricted to white people. Apparently 白種人 or 白人 is involved. Also those who say 白左 do not necessarily mean 白左 are idiots (白痴), but sometimes rather hypocrites. -- Huhu9001 (talk) 04:42, 16 November 2019 (UTC)

Arabic letters
Can someone clean up the writing style of 's Arabic etymology? Personally I'm unable to parse the whole thing properly, and I'm also not too clear myself on the history involved, so I don't want to accidentally trim necessary info.

Additionally, the following letters all previously had etymologies written by the same user, using a single sentence and substituting in the pertinent letters mad-libs-style.



Using as an example, I changed the overall template from...
 * distinguished by a point, written with that sign before the invention of such points (in rasm) because the scribes understood that Arabic /x/ is represented in Nabataean words that are by their lineage related to the Arabic words that have /x/ in them by /ħ/ written by the Nabataean, from which the Arabic for /ħ/ descends.

...to:
 * Derived from, and originally written as such (in ) by analogy with Nabatean tradition, as Nabatean cognates of Arabic words with /x/ were indiscriminately spelled using.

Can I get a double-check confirming that I preserved the original meaning well enough? Is it necessary to re-add the note at the end that Arabic itself descends from ? M. I. Wright (talk) 20:23, 26 October 2019 (UTC)
 * You have preserved the original meaning. I should know since I have written the etymologies. You are doing great in preserving content. I focussed somewhat strongly on the mental states the scribes where in, trying to make it clear how aware they were about the relations of the Arabic language and script to the Aramaic language and script, on which there is this excellent piece by Werner Diem basically explaining the same thing but much more profuse. The is special – the etymology explains why samekh (ס) died out in Arabic and shin (ש‬) is used for /s/ – and I needed many runs to formulate it as it is in order to incorporate all information explicitly (as well as to understand what Diem wrote about it, which I essentially made as concise as I could, and people can’t imagine how complicated that article was, and I have read it being a German natively). I see room for improvement, Imma try a bit. Fay Freak (talk)
 * Done. Fay Freak (talk) 21:06, 26 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I put the extra explanation in a collapsable table (do we have a basic, non-section-specific table?), since I think it is interesting, but is a bit overwhelming on first sight. Hopefully that's alright with you. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 21:43, 26 October 2019 (UTC)
 * Oh, the rewrite is a lot clearer to follow, and the table looks like a clean solution to me! Thanks, both! M. I. Wright (talk) 23:27, 26 October 2019 (UTC)

Etymology of 'ruction'
I was curious about the word 'ruction', Wiktionary has no etymology. I have no formal training in the field, but it occurs to me it could simply be from the same root as eruct, to belch or burp.
 * I moved your discussion here. We typically don't use the talk pages of community discussion pages to talk about entries. Andrew Sheedy (talk) 19:32, 27 October 2019 (UTC)
 * The hypothesis would be that was formed from the Latin verb, or by apheresis from *eruction, a noun corresponding to . However, the corresponding Latin nouns are  and , giving rise to English  and . So this seems unlikely.  --Lambiam 08:30, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

Chirag
RFV of the etymology.

attempted to tag this for deletion with a Wikipedia template on the grounds "False content, origin of word not Sanskrit, questionable IPA. Better source already on Wiktionary (چراغ)". Since Wiktionary is organized by spelling and language rather than topic, and this is an English, rather than Urdu entry, we can't do that. We should, however, verify the etymology and otherwise clean up this old, fossilized interwiki. I wasn't able to find the supposed Sanskrit etymon in Monier-Williams, but my Sanskrit is a bit rusty after three decades... Chuck Entz (talk) 13:42, 28 October 2019 (UTC)
 * I can see the name is used in India, but is there any evidence it is used by “many ... Pacific Ocean persons”? BTW, “Chirag” is apparently also the name of a . --Lambiam 10:04, 29 October 2019 (UTC)

Leong
RFV of the etymology. In Hokkien, 梁 is not usually read as Liông when it's a surname. — justin(r)leung { (t...) 22:42, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

sloep (Dutch)
The etymology of differs drastically from the EWN, who strongly argue for a borrowing from  (which must be Middle French). ←₰-→ Lingo Bingo Dingo (talk)  10:25, 30 October 2019 (UTC)


 * I see that the corresponding Dutch Wiktionary entry at nl:sloep gives a different source the Chronologisch woordenboek, but ultimately the same date of 1588 as the ENW entry. (NB: The C.w. source might also be the source for the ENW, can't tell for certain.)
 * Meanwhile, our entry has no sources, and derives noun from verb  -- which term we don't have, and ultimately neither does the Dutch Wiktionary, nor the Chronologisch woodenboek, nor the Dutch Language Union's official Dutch dictionary, nor the ENW.  The most these other sources show is  as the plural of, which we do have.
 * It looks to me like our etym for is bogus, and predicated on a non-existent word.  ‑‑ Eiríkr Útlendi │Tala við mig 17:50, 30 October 2019 (UTC)


 * According to the etymology section for, the Dutch etymological dictionaries of De Vries relate the noun sloep to the verb , not *sloepen. Our entry mentions  as a possible etymon, something Le Trésor considers unlikely, not only because sloep is attested only considerably later, but also on phonetic grounds. The figurative use of a dialectal form chalope meaning “nutshell” seems perfectly plausible to me; compare the figurative use of Dutch notendop and German Nussschale. Given the closeness, both in form and in meaning, between Dutch sloep and French chaloupe, it appears unlikely these are unrelated, and then, for a variety of reasons (dating, phonetics, etymon), the transfer from French to Dutch is the far more likely direction.  --Lambiam 09:13, 31 October 2019 (UTC)

chagrin
Hello ! I've made extensive modifications to the etymology at, bringing it in line with what it says in CNRTL here []. I've looked at the Century etymology, and I have some issues with it. I can only find a single use of Old French (as  1389) where it is an adjective. Otherwise, the noun doesn't appear till the Middle French period (so I'm not sure which Old French changin Century is seeing). The CNRTL seems to distinguish the two senses as different words, a chagrin¹ for the "shagreen" sense, and a chagrin³ for the "distress" sense. I have left ours under a single etymology for the time being. Leasnam (talk) 03:34, 1 November 2019 (UTC)