Wiktionary:Persian transliteration/Iranian

This page focuses on Iranian Persian, for transliteration rules concerning Classical Persian or Dari Persian see Persian transliteration/Classical. For transliteration rules concerning Tajik, see Tajik transliteration.

Other symbols or combinations

 * , (always word-final) – an (The position of [fatHatan] is after the alef, not before, as is the current practice with Arabic)
 * 1)  – ' (others: ʼ)
 * 2)  – ' (others: ʼ)
 * 3)  – ' (others: ʼ)
 * 4)  (ezâfe) (always word-final, unmarked in regular writing) – -e
 * 5)  (ezâfe) (after long vowels  or, unmarked in regular writing) - -ye
 * 6)  (ezâfe) (always word-final with, unmarked in regular writing) - i-ye
 * 7)  (U+0647 U+0654), sometimes written as  (always word-final) – e-ye. (Articles don't contain the hamze above "he", it is considered a diacritic and only used in the dsplay using head. Templates link to words without the hamze.)
 * 8)  - e-yi
 * 9)  - na (an exception)
 * 10)  (tashdid) – geminate consonant (Arabic shadda)
 * 11)  (fathe/zor) – a (Arabic fatha)
 * 12)  (kasre/zir) – e (in modern Iranian, to check cases where it's "i") (Arabic kasra)
 * 13)  (zamme/pish) – o (in modern Iranian, to check cases where it's "u") (Arabic damma). Used after consonants to make a short "o" sound. If used before  produces a diphthong "ow":
 * 14)  (shadda) – geminate consonant
 * 15)  (sukūn/sokun) - marks absence of a vowel. Rarely used in popular Persian vocalisations, especially on final consonants. It may be necessary to use consistently in strict vocalisations to avoid any misreadings, allow automation and signalling that a word IS vocalised.
 * 16)  (in the word-final position after consonants for a large number of words) - e (no hyphen) (note with ezâfe the preferred spelling is )
 * 17)  - when used as a colloquial copula in the 3rd person singular (he/she/it is) - -e (with a hyphen)
 * 18) ZWNJ – - (hyphen)
 * 19) The use of hyphens for etymological reasons - suffixes, compound words, etc. when no ZWNJ is used is to be discussed. E.g. currently plural form suffix  is transliterated as "-hâ" regardless if ZWNJ is present or not. (Apart from cases described above and ZWNJ, the use of hyphen is otherwise dispreferred. A space is transliterated as a space and the absence of space or ZWNJ is transliterated as nothing.)
 * Below are transliteration examples to contrast the use of ZWNJ on connecting letters, space, nothing and non-connecting letters:
 * ZWNJ on joining letters (plural of )
 * Space
 * Nothing (joining letters are connected)
 * Non-joining letters (no ZWNJ is used) (plural of )
 * 1) ZWNJ – - (hyphen)
 * 2) The use of hyphens for etymological reasons - suffixes, compound words, etc. when no ZWNJ is used is to be discussed. E.g. currently plural form suffix  is transliterated as "-hâ" regardless if ZWNJ is present or not. (Apart from cases described above and ZWNJ, the use of hyphen is otherwise dispreferred. A space is transliterated as a space and the absence of space or ZWNJ is transliterated as nothing.)
 * Below are transliteration examples to contrast the use of ZWNJ on connecting letters, space, nothing and non-connecting letters:
 * ZWNJ on joining letters (plural of )
 * Space
 * Nothing (joining letters are connected)
 * Non-joining letters (no ZWNJ is used) (plural of )

Arabic loanwords

 * 1)  (always word-final) – a(t) (rare, only in unadapted borrowings from Arabic, normally adapted into Persian as  or )
 * 2)  - al (normally), can be "al-" (with a hyphen), if identified as the Arabic definite article. "l" can change to the following consonant if it's a "sun letter","a" can change to "o" (Arabic "u") in ezâfe, e.g.
 * - here "l" is assimilated to "t" and "a" is changed to "o" following Arabic grammar rules.
 * 1)  - l or the next consonant (assimilated for Arabic "sun letters"). The alef is silent.
 * from Arabic where the alif is silent