above

Etymology


From, , , from , , from + , (akin to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬) from  + ; also cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

The preposition, adjective and the noun derive from the adverb.

Preposition

 * 1) Physically over; on top of; worn on top of, said of clothing.
 * 2) In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface.
 * 3) Farther north than.
 * 4) Rising; appearing out of reach height-wise.
 * 5)  Higher than; superior to in any respect; surpassing; higher in measure, degree, volume, or pitch, etc. than; out of reach; not exposed to; not likely to be affected by; incapable of negative actions or thoughts.
 * 6) Higher in rank, status, or position.
 * 7)  In addition to; besides.
 * 8) Surpassing in number or quantity; more than.
 * 9) In preference to.
 * 10) Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;
 * 11) Beyond; on the other side.
 * 12)  Upstage of.
 * 1) Higher in rank, status, or position.
 * 2)  In addition to; besides.
 * 3) Surpassing in number or quantity; more than.
 * 4) In preference to.
 * 5) Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;
 * 6) Beyond; on the other side.
 * 7)  Upstage of.
 * 1)  In addition to; besides.
 * 2) Surpassing in number or quantity; more than.
 * 3) In preference to.
 * 4) Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;
 * 5) Beyond; on the other side.
 * 6)  Upstage of.
 * 1) In preference to.
 * 2) Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;
 * 3) Beyond; on the other side.
 * 4)  Upstage of.
 * 1) Beyond; on the other side.
 * 2)  Upstage of.

Usage notes

 * passing into the adverbial sense.

Translations

 * Abenaki: Tasiwi
 * Arabic: أَعْلَى
 * Egyptian Arabic: فوق
 * Hijazi Arabic: فوق
 * Bulgarian:, ,
 * Central Sierra Miwok: líl·e-m·yˀ
 * Cornish: a-ugh dhe
 * Dutch:
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:, ,
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ὑπέρ
 * Hindi:
 * Macedonian: над
 * Mbyá Guaraní: áry
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Ojibwe: ishpayi'ii
 * Ottoman Turkish: یوقاری
 * Pennsylvania German: owwe
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: pata
 * Romanian:
 * Serbo-Croatian: nad,, iznad
 * Slovak:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tibetan: ཐོད་ལ, ཐོག་ལ


 * Albanian: ,
 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: فوق
 * Aromanian: disuprã, prisuprã
 * Belarusian: над
 * Bulgarian:, отгоре на, по-високо от
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 喺…上便
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ovenover, ovenpå, oppe over,
 * Dutch:, hoger dan
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:, , , ylempänä, ylemmäs
 * French: au-dessus de
 * Friulian: sore
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: anlè
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: os cionn
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Jeju: 우
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:, li hindavî,
 * Latin: ,
 * Latvian: virs
 * Malay:
 * Maori: runga
 * Marathi: वरती
 * Mbyá Guaraní: áry
 * Navajo: bikáaʼgi
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Ottoman Turkish: یوقاری
 * Polabian: boven
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: acima de, em cima de,
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: sura, survart, soura, sesura, süsur
 * Russian:
 * Scots: abune, aboon
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: над
 * Roman: nad
 * Sicilian: ,
 * Slovak: nad
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: górjejce
 * Spanish:, , encima de
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: ibabaw
 * Tamil:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: yukarıya
 * Ukrainian: над
 * Urdu: اوپر
 * Venetian: sovra,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon: ,
 * Welsh: uwchben
 * Yoruba: lórí


 * Arabic: شَمَالِيّ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 喺…上便
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ten noorden van
 * Finnish: pohjoisempana


 * Finnish:


 * Arabic: أَعْلَى
 * Belarusian: вы́шэй, па-на́д
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latin: ,
 * Maori: whakatamatama
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: acima de
 * Russian:
 * Scots: abune, aboon
 * Slovak: nad
 * Slovene:
 * Tagalog: itaas
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: понад, поза
 * Walloon:


 * Dutch: een trapje hoger, met een hogere rang
 * Finnish:
 * Slovak: nad


 * Dutch: ,
 * Egyptian:
 * Finnish:


 * Arabic: أَكْثٰر
 * Bulgarian: освен това, още повече
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French: plus de
 * German:
 * Hebrew:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Latin: ,
 * Marathi:
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: acima de, mais que, mais de
 * Russian:
 * Scots: abune, aboon
 * Slovak: nad,
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Turkish:
 * Walloon: ,


 * Arabic:
 * Finnish: mieluummin (kuin)
 * Slovak: pred


 * Finnish:


 * Finnish:, taaempana


 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,


 * Afrikaans:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 不屑於
 * Interlingua:
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Maltese:
 * Marathi: वरती
 * Telugu: (1),  (2)
 * Turkish:

Adverb

 * 1) Directly overhead; vertically on top of.
 * 2) Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go.
 * 3) Into or from heaven; in the sky.
 * 4) In a higher place; upstairs; farther upstream.
 * 5) Higher in rank, power, or position.
 * 6)  In addition.
 * 7) More in number.
 * 8) Above zero; above freezing.
 * 9)  On the upper half or the dorsal surface of an animal.
 * 1)  In addition.
 * 2) More in number.
 * 3) Above zero; above freezing.
 * 4)  On the upper half or the dorsal surface of an animal.
 * 1)  On the upper half or the dorsal surface of an animal.
 * 1)  On the upper half or the dorsal surface of an animal.

Derived terms

 * above-cited
 * above-described
 * above-given
 * above-mentioned
 * above-named
 * above-quoted
 * above-said
 * above-specified
 * above-written

Translations

 * Cebuano: ibabaw
 * Chickasaw: aba'
 * Cornish: a-vann
 * Farefare: zuum
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌰
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἐπάνω
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: os cionn
 * Italian:
 * Latin:, insuper
 * Lombard:
 * Manggarai: eta
 * Mansaka: taas
 * Tocharian B: kauc
 * Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎍𐎐
 * Walloon: ,
 * Western Bukidnon Manobo: bavew
 * Yiddish: אויבן, אויוון


 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Latin:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: vyššie
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Walloon:, , cial ådzeu


 * Chickasaw: aba'
 * Finnish:
 * Walloon: å hôt,


 * Belarusian: наве́рсе, уве́рсе, ўве́рсе
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chamicuro: i'yijku shana
 * Chickasaw: aba'
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: thuas, os cionn
 * Latin: ,
 * Navajo: bikáaʼgi
 * Norwegian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, para cima
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Slovak: hore, vyššie, povyše
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Ukrainian: вище
 * Urdu: اوپر
 * Walloon:, ,
 * Welsh: uwchben, uwchlaw
 * Yiddish: אויבן


 * Bulgarian:, с по-висок ранг
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ylempänä,, olla ylempiarvoinen kuin
 * German: ,
 * Latin:
 * Norwegian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Walloon:, pus hôt


 * Finnish:


 * Finnish:


 * Finnish: yli nollan


 * Finnish:


 * Afrikaans:
 * Interlingua:
 * Italian:
 * Vietnamese:, , , , , , , ,

Adjective

 * 1) Of heaven; heavenly.
 * 2)  Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page.

Usage notes

 * Above is often used elliptically as an adjective by omitting the word said, mentioned, quoted, or the like:
 * the above(-said) observations
 * the above(-cited) reference
 * the above(-quoted) articles

Translations

 * Dutch: in de lucht
 * Finnish:


 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish: ovenstående
 * Dutch:, eerder genoemd,
 * Finnish: ylempänä (oleva)
 * French:
 * Latvian: augšā
 * Polish:
 * Slovak: predchádzajúci

Noun

 * 1) Heaven.
 * 2) Something, especially a person's name in legal documents, that appears higher on the same page or on a preceding page.
 * 3) Higher authority.
 * 4)  betterment, raised status or condition.
 * 1)  betterment, raised status or condition.

Usage notes
The preposition above is often used further elliptically as a noun by omitting the associated noun, where it is should be clear what is omitted: e.g. See the above.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: гореспоменат
 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Hungarian: fentemlített
 * Latvian: iepriekšminētais
 * Russian: