abstract

Etymology
From, borrowed from , perfect passive participle of , formed from +. The verbal sense is first attested in 1542.

Pronunciation

 * Noun:
 * Adjective:
 * Verb:
 * Adjective:
 * Verb:
 * Verb:
 * Verb:
 * Verb:

Noun

 * 1) An abridgement or summary of a longer publication.
 * 2) Something that concentrates in itself the qualities of a larger item, or multiple items.
 * 3) Concentrated essence of a product.
 * 4)  A powdered solid extract of a medicinal substance mixed with lactose.
 * 5) An abstraction; an abstract term; that which is abstract.
 * 6) The theoretical way of looking at things; something that exists only in idealized form.
 * 7)  An abstract work of art.
 * 8)  A summary title of the key points detailing a tract of land, for ownership; abstract of title.
 * 1) The theoretical way of looking at things; something that exists only in idealized form.
 * 2)  An abstract work of art.
 * 3)  A summary title of the key points detailing a tract of land, for ownership; abstract of title.

Usage notes

 * Preceded, typically, by the.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُلَخَّص
 * Bulgarian: абстра́кт,, авторефера́т
 * Catalan:, extracte
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:, shrnutí
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:, korte inhoud,
 * Estonian: kokkuvõte
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: resumo
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Hindi:, निचोड
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Irish: achomaireacht, coimriú
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kazakh: реферат
 * Lao: ບົດຄັດຫຍໍ້
 * Latvian: rezumējums, kopsavilkums
 * Maori: whakarāpopoto
 * Marathi: सारांश, गोषवारा
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, oppsummering, , , , resymé, ekstrakt
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:, ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: саже́так
 * Roman:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: ikisiri
 * Swedish:, , , ,
 * Thai: บทคัดย่อ


 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: aineellistuma
 * Hindi: निचोड
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: sammenfatning
 * Romanian: ,


 * Bulgarian:, отвлечено понятие
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:, abstracte term, abstract begrip
 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Latvian: abstrakcija, abstrakts jēdziens
 * Marathi:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: апстра̀кција
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:


 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch: abstract kunstwerk
 * Finnish: abstrakti teos
 * Galician: obra abstracta
 * Greek:
 * Hindi:
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese: 抽象派
 * Maori: toi tūrehurehu
 * Marathi:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish: arte abstracto
 * Swedish:


 * Dutch: abstract iets, abstract begrip
 * Esperanto: abstraktaĵo
 * Finnish:
 * Hindi:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Marathi:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Swedish:


 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech: výtažek
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hindi: निचोड
 * Japanese:
 * Marathi: सत्त्व
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ekstrakt
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ѐкстракт
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:


 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: ,
 * Korean:

Adjective

 * 1)  Derived; extracted.
 * 2)  Drawn away; removed from; apart from; separate.
 * 3) * 17th century, John Norris (philosopher), The Oxford Dictionary:
 * The more abstract we are from the body ... the more fit we shall be to behold divine light.
 * 1) Not concrete: conceptual, ideal.
 * 2) Insufficiently factual.
 * 3) Apart from practice or reality; vague; theoretical; impersonal; not applied.
 * 4)  As a noun, denoting a concept or intangible as opposed to an object, place, or person.
 * 5) Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize.
 * 6) Separately expressing a property or attribute of an object that is considered to be inherent to that object: attributive, ascriptive.
 * 7) Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational.
 * 8)  Absent-minded.
 * 9)  Pertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them.
 * 10)  Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century.
 * 11)  Absolute.
 * 12)  Lacking a story.
 * 13)  Being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.
 * 1) Separately expressing a property or attribute of an object that is considered to be inherent to that object: attributive, ascriptive.
 * 2) Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational.
 * 3)  Absent-minded.
 * 4)  Pertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them.
 * 5)  Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century.
 * 6)  Absolute.
 * 7)  Lacking a story.
 * 8)  Being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.
 * 1)  Absent-minded.
 * 2)  Pertaining to the formal aspect of art, such as the lines, colors, shapes, and the relationships among them.
 * 3)  Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century.
 * 4)  Absolute.
 * 5)  Lacking a story.
 * 6)  Being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.
 * 1)  Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century.
 * 2)  Absolute.
 * 3)  Lacking a story.
 * 4)  Being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.
 * 1)  Being a partial basis for subclasses rather than a complete template for objects.

Translations

 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Spanish: ,


 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, separat
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:


 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: distrahert
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Spanish:


 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: مَعْنَوِيّ, تَجْرِيدِيّ, مُجَرَّد
 * Armenian: ,
 * Asturian: astrautu
 * Azerbaijani: mücərrəd
 * Basque: abstraktu
 * Belarusian: абстра́ктны
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 抽象
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Gujarati: અમૂર્ત
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: дерексіз, абстрактылы, абстрактілі
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: abstrakts
 * Lithuanian:
 * Malay:, niskala
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: tūrehurehu
 * Northern Sami: abstrákta
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit: विषयविविक्त
 * Slovene: abstrakten
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: basal
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Yiddish: אַבסטראַקט


 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: grūti saprotams
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: ,


 * Catalan:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic:
 * Japanese:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: tūrehurehu
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Slovene: abstrakten
 * Spanish:


 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Japanese:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ,
 * Portuguese:


 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua:
 * Korean:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Yiddish:

Verb

 * 1)  To separate; to disengage.
 * 2)  To remove; to take away; withdraw.
 * 3)  To steal; to take away; to remove without permission.
 * 4)  To extract by means of distillation.
 * 5)  To draw off (interest or attention).
 * 6) * June 1869,, Late for the Train (published in Blackwood's Magazine)
 * The young stranger had been abstracted and silent.
 * He was wholly abstracted by other objects.
 * 1)  To withdraw oneself; to retire.
 * 2)  To consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality.
 * 3) To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.
 * 4)  To perform the process of abstraction.
 * 5)  To create abstractions.
 * 6)  To produce an abstraction, usually by refactoring existing code. Generally used with "out".
 * He abstracted out the square root function.
 * 1)  To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.
 * 1) To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.
 * 2)  To perform the process of abstraction.
 * 3)  To create abstractions.
 * 4)  To produce an abstraction, usually by refactoring existing code. Generally used with "out".
 * He abstracted out the square root function.
 * 1)  To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.
 * He abstracted out the square root function.
 * 1)  To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize.

Usage notes

 * Followed by the word from.
 * Followed by the word from.
 * Pronounced predominantly as.
 * All other senses are pronounced as.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hindi: अलग करना, निकाल देना
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:
 * Latvian: atšķirt, nošķirt
 * Marathi: वेगळे करणे, काढून टाकणे
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: separere
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Quechua: llulmiy
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:, skilja av, skilja ut,


 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hindi: पिछे आना
 * Marathi: मागे येणे
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, utta
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish:, ,


 * Bulgarian:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Italian:
 * Latvian: nozagt, nočiept
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, tjuve, rane, tæsje, røve, naske
 * Portuguese:
 * Swedish:, , ,


 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Hindi: अमूर्त कलाकृती करना
 * Marathi: अमूर्त कलाकृती करणे
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese:


 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: सारांश करना
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Marathi: सारांश करणे
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: oppsummere
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,


 * Armenian:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: abstrakti
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Hindi: अमूर्तरूपसे लेना
 * Indonesian:
 * Marathi: अमूर्तपणे घेणे
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: fundere, spekulere,
 * Persian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:
 * Yiddish: אַבסטראַהירן


 * Bulgarian:, (внимание)
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: viedä huomio
 * Greek:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:


 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:


 * Dutch: zich terugtrekken
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Spanish:


 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * Hindi: अमूर्तिकरन करना
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Marathi: अमूर्तिकरण करणे
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:


 * Interlingua:
 * Korean:, ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Turkish:

Etymology
Borrowed from, from ; compare English.

Etymology
From, from.

Adjective

 * 1) Drawn away or out of; detached:
 * 2) Excerpted; quoted from another text.
 * 3) Out of one's mind or detached from reality; temporarily insane.
 * 4) Having been (pulled or moved) above the ground.
 * 5) Barely comprehensible; hard to read.
 * 6)  Abstract of a noun.

Noun

 * , synopsis

Etymology
,.

Noun

 * 1) abstract

Adjective

 * 1) abstract

Verb

 * 1) abstract