alcohol

Etymology
Entered in the early 15th c. from, from or , derived from the  rendering  transmitted in medical or alchemical literature of , which in  also bore the form , ; bearing thus the meaning of stibnite first, then generalized in meaning to a powder obtained by triturating a material, then also to liquids obtained by boiling down, and specialized to mean spirit of wine, ethanol, in the 18th century, then the narrow chemical sense after 1850.


 * Bartholomew Traheron in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo introduces the word as a term used by "barbarous" (Moorish) authors for "fine powder": the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre.
 * William Johnson in his 1657 Lexicon Chymicum glosses the word as antimonium sive stibium. By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including "alcohol of wine", the distilled essence of wine.
 * Libavius in Alchymia (1594) has vini alcohol vel vinum alcalisatum.
 * Johnson (1657) glosses alcohol vini as quando omnis superfluitas vini a vino separatur, ita ut accensum ardeat donec totum consumatur, nihilque fæcum aut phlegmatis in fundo remaneat.
 * Some authorities, including Rachel Hajar, suggest that the ultimate etymon was the term  (as used in Qur’an verse 37:47, but this word is rather poetical and could for topical reasons not have been picked up from Arabic by Medieval writers, and aside from that the relation to stibium is well documented.

.

Noun



 * 1)  Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).
 * 2)  Ethanol.
 * 3)  Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.
 * 4)  Any very fine powder.
 * 1)  Any very fine powder.

Synonyms

 * See also Thesaurus:alcoholic beverage

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: ,
 * Aragonese: alcohol
 * Armenian: ,
 * Asturian: alcohol
 * Azerbaijani: alkoqol, spirt, alkohol
 * Arabic: الکل, کحول
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: алкаго́ль, спірт
 * Bengali: এলকোহল
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese: အယ်လ်ကိုဟော
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: алкоголь, спирт
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 醇, 酒精
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Fiji Hindi: alcohol
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian: ალკოჰოლი, სპირტი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Haitian Creole: alkòl
 * Hawaiian: waikulu
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, मद्यसार, ऐल्कोहॉल
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: alcohol
 * Irish: alcól
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: алкоголь,, спирт
 * Khmer: អាកុល
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:, , эширткич
 * Lao: ແອັລກໍຮໍ
 * Latin: alcohol
 * Latvian: ,
 * Lithuanian:, spiritas
 * Macedonian: алкохол
 * Malay:
 * Maori: waiwaihā
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠰᠫᠢᠷᠲ᠋
 * Nahuatl: techichic
 * Navajo: tó łikoní
 * Norman: alcool
 * Northern Thai: ᩋᩯᩢ᩠ᩃᨠᩬᩌᩬ
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, sprit
 * Nynorsk: alkohol, sprit
 * Oromo:
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: alcol
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: а̀лкохол
 * Roman:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sotho:
 * South Azerbaijani: الکل, کحول,
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: pombe kali
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik: алкогол,
 * Tatar: спирт
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Turkmen:, spirt
 * Ukrainian:, спирт
 * Urdu: اَلْکُحُل
 * Uyghur: ئالكوگول, ئىسپىرت
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Volapük:
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: אַלקאָהאָל
 * Yoruba: ọtí


 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic:, مَشْرُوب كُحُولِيّ, مَشْرُوب رُوحِيّ
 * Armenian: ,
 * Asturian: alcohol
 * Azerbaijani: alkoqol, spirt
 * Belarusian: алкаго́ль, спірт, спіртны́ напо́й
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:, спирт, спи́ртна напи́тка
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: къаьрка, алкоголин малар, корта бахош долу малар
 * Cherokee: ᎠᎹ ᎠᏑᏴᏗ ᏫᏍᎩ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:
 * Dungan: җю
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Classical Nahuatl: ōctli
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, alcoholische drank, sterke drank
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:, alko , alks
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: ,
 * Georgian: სპირტი
 * German:, ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hawaiian: waikulu
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian: ,
 * Ingrian: pirttu
 * Irish: alcól, deoch mheisciúil
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Jarai: tơpai
 * Kazakh: алкоголь, спирт
 * Khmer:, , , , អាកុល
 * Korean:, ,
 * Kyrgyz: ,
 * Lao: ເຫຼົ້າ, ສຸຣາ, ສຸລາ
 * Latin: tēmētum, ebriamen
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Macedonian: алкохол, жесток пијалок
 * Malay:, ,
 * Malayalam: ,
 * Maltese: alkoħol
 * Manchu: ᠠᡵᡴᡳ, ᠨᡠᡵᡝ
 * Maori: waipiro
 * Meänkieli: ilojuoma
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠠᠷᠢᠬᠢ
 * Norman: alcool
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: alkohol
 * Odia:
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Classical Persian:
 * Iranian Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , спиртно́й напи́ток, алкого́льный напи́ток, кре́пкий напи́ток,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Scottish Gaelic: alcol, deoch làidir
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: а̀лкохол
 * Roman:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sotho:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tahitian: ʻava
 * Tajik: арақ
 * Tatar:
 * Thai: ,
 * Tocharian B: mot
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:, spirt, içgi
 * Ukrainian:, спирт, спиртни́й напі́й
 * Urdu:, مَدِیرا
 * Uyghur: ئالكوگول, ئىسپىرت
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Volapük:
 * Yiddish: אַלקאָהאָל
 * Zulu:


 * Kuna:
 * Punjabi: ,
 * Slovak:
 * Thai:

Etymology
Borrowed from or, of  origin.

Noun

 * 1)   class of compounds
 * 2)   ethanol specifically
 * 3)  alcoholic beverages, collectively
 * 1)  alcoholic beverages, collectively

Noun

 * 1)  ethanol

Etymology
From, , earlier. Ultimately from.

Noun

 * 1)  kohl, collyrium, stibium
 * 2)  any other powder obtained from triturating a material
 * 3)  distilled essence, spirit
 * 1)  distilled essence, spirit

Etymology
From, from.

Noun

 * 1)  galena
 * 2)  kohl, stibnite
 * 1)  kohl, stibnite

Etymology
From, from or , from the  rendering  of.