apotome

Etymology
Borrowing from. The musical sense originates from the. The mathematical sense is attested in  (Book X, proposition 73, et seq.).

Noun

 * 1)  The difference between two quantities or lengths commensurable only in power, as between 1 and the square root of 2, or between the diagonal and side of a square.
 * 2) * 2014, Jacques Sesiano (translator), Liber Mahameleth, Part Two: Translation, Glossary, [12th c, Anonymous (possibly ), Liber Mahameleth], Springer, page 767,
 * If some number and[plus] the root of the root of a number are multiplied by the corresponding apotome, the result will be an apotome.
 * 1)  The remaining part of a whole tone after a minor second has been deducted from it; an augmented unison. Most commonly used to refer to the Pythagorean chromatic semitone, which has a ratio of 2187/2048.
 * 2) * 1813, Music, article in John Mason Good, Olinthus Gregory, Newton Bosworth, Pantologia: A New Cyclopaedia, Volume 8: MID—OZO, unnumbered page,
 * This semitone was termed by the Pythagoreans apotome, and the diatonic semitone was termed limma. They contended, that the apotome, or distance from B flat to B natural, was larger than the limma, or distance from A to B flat.
 * 1)  A distinct division of an insect which is divided from the other divisions by a pinch point.
 * 1)  A distinct division of an insect which is divided from the other divisions by a pinch point.
 * 1)  A distinct division of an insect which is divided from the other divisions by a pinch point.
 * 1)  A distinct division of an insect which is divided from the other divisions by a pinch point.

Translations

 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀποτομή
 * Portuguese: apótomo