boss

Etymology 1
From, from , from , from , from , perhaps from , source also of the English terms , , ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, hence 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, hence German.

Originally a term of respect used to address an older relative. Later, in New Amsterdam, it began to mean a person in charge who is not a master. The representation of Dutch -aa- by English -o- is due to the older unrounded pronunciation of this letter, which is still used in North America and parts of Ireland, but was formerly found in some British accents as well.

The video game sense is, in turn from.

Noun

 * 1) A person who oversees and directs the work of others; a supervisor.
 * 2) * February 18, 2018, Dawn Pine, Strategies for Dealing with a Bad Boss
 * we have some vindictive people as bosses, and you don’t want to be the target of their wrath.
 * 1) A person in charge of a business or company.
 * 2) A leader, the head of an organized group or team.
 * 3) The head of a political party in a given region or district.
 * 4)   An enemy, often at the end of a level, that is particularly challenging and must be beaten in order to progress.
 * 5)  Wife.
 * 1) The head of a political party in a given region or district.
 * 2)   An enemy, often at the end of a level, that is particularly challenging and must be beaten in order to progress.
 * 3)  Wife.
 * 1)   An enemy, often at the end of a level, that is particularly challenging and must be beaten in order to progress.
 * 2)  Wife.
 * 1)   An enemy, often at the end of a level, that is particularly challenging and must be beaten in order to progress.
 * 2)  Wife.
 * 1)   An enemy, often at the end of a level, that is particularly challenging and must be beaten in order to progress.
 * 2)  Wife.
 * 1)  Wife.

Synonyms

 * : line manager, manager, supervisor
 * : gov/guv, guvnor , mate
 * See also Thesaurus:boss

Translations

 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: nantʼán
 * Arabic: رَئِيس, رَئِيسَة, مُدِير, مُدِيرَة
 * Armenian:
 * Baluchi: سروک
 * Belarusian: кіраўні́к, кіраўні́ца, нача́льнік, нача́льніца, бос, шэф,
 * Bulgarian:, ръководи́телка, , ше́фка
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 事頭, 老細, 老闆, 主管
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: ,
 * Estonian: ülemus
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Georgian:, უფროსი, ხელმძღვანელი, , , ზედამხედველი, მეთვალყურე
 * German: ,
 * Greek:, ,
 * Hebrew:, בּוֹסִית
 * Hindi:
 * Hutterisch: Wiet
 * Ingrian: päämees, päänikka
 * Irish: bas
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:, ចាងហ្វាង
 * Korean:, 상사(上司)
 * Lao: ນາຽ, ຕົ້ນ
 * Latin:, ipsimus, ipsima
 * Latvian:, vadītāja
 * Lithuanian: vadõvas, vadovė, viršininkas, viršininkė
 * Macedonian: шеф, шефица, раководител, раководителка
 * Manx: ard-er, ard-ghooinney
 * Occitan:
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: Bauss
 * Polish:, , , ,
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Russian:, , , , , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: ceannard
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:, , ,
 * Thai:, , , ,
 * Ukrainian:, керівни́ця, , нача́льниця, шеф, ,
 * Urdu: مالِک
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * Záparo: akamínu


 * Albanian:
 * Aleut: tukux̂
 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: nantʼán
 * Arabic: رَئِيس, رَئِيسَة, مُدِير, مُدِيرَة
 * Asturian: xefe
 * Baluchi: سروک
 * Belarusian: нача́льнiк, нача́льнiца, шэф
 * Bulgarian:, ше́фка, , работода́телка
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chichewa: bwana
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 老細//老世//老细, 老闆,
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Crimean Tatar: baş
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto:, ĉefulo
 * Estonian: ülemus,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Friulian: cap
 * Galician:, xefa
 * Georgian:, უფროსი, ხელმძღვანელი, ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:, בּוֹסִית
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: stjóri
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: päämees, päänikka
 * Interlingua: chef
 * Irish: bas
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Jarai: khua
 * Khmer:, ចាងហ្វាង
 * Korean: 상사(上司), 보스
 * Lao: ເຈົ້ານາຍ
 * Latin:, , ipsimus, ipsima
 * Latvian: šefs,, vadītāja
 * Lithuanian: vadõvas, vadovė, šefas, viršininkas, viršininkė
 * Macedonian: раководител, раководителка
 * Malay:
 * Manx: ard-er, ard-ghooinney
 * Maori: pāhi
 * Navajo: bóhólníhígíí
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan:, ,
 * Ojibwe: ogimaa
 * Ottoman Turkish: رئیس, قوجه
 * Persian:
 * Iranian Persian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: Bauss
 * Polish:, , , naczelniczka
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian: ,
 * Romansch: schef, scheffa
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: ceannard
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: га̏зда
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: šéf, šéfka
 * Slovene: šef, šefica
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili: bwana
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: сардор,
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish:, , ,
 * Ukrainian:, нача́льниця, шеф
 * Urdu: مالِک
 * Záparo: akamínu


 * Bulgarian:, ръководи́телка
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: ხელმძღვანელი
 * Greek:
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian: раководител, раководителка
 * Manx: ard-er, ard-ghooinney
 * Ojibwe: ogimaa
 * Ottoman Turkish: رئیس, قوجه
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: ceannard
 * Thai: ,


 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: nantʼán
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Crimean Tatar: baş
 * Finnish:
 * Georgian: ლიდერი
 * Greek:
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian: лидер
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: ceannard
 * Thai:


 * French: ,
 * Latin:
 * Macedonian: шефе
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:


 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 大佬
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:, eindbaas
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: päävihollinen, pääkkä
 * French:
 * Hungarian: fő ellenség
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Khmer:
 * Macedonian: кралица
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: boss
 * Portuguese:,  ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:


 * Southern Thai:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:

Verb

 * 1)  To exercise authoritative control over; to tell (someone) what to do, often repeatedly.
 * 2) * 1931, Robert L. May, Rudolph, The Red-Nosed Reindeer, Montgomery Ward (publisher):
 * By YOU last night’s journey was actually bossed / Without you, I’m certain, we’d all have been lost.
 * By YOU last night’s journey was actually bossed / Without you, I’m certain, we’d all have been lost.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: разпореждам се
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish: ,
 * Italian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish: bossa

Adjective

 * 1)  Of excellent quality, first-rate.

Etymology 2
From, , , from , from , from. ; see there for more.

Noun

 * 1) A swelling, lump or protuberance in an animal, person or object.
 * 2)  A lump-like mass of rock, especially one projecting through a stratum of different rock.
 * 3) A convex protuberance in hammered work, especially the rounded projection in the centre of a shield.
 * 4)   A protrusion; frequently a cylinder of material that extends beyond a hole.
 * 5)  A knob or projection, usually at the intersection of ribs in a vault.
 * 6)  A target block, made of foam but historically made of hay bales, to which a target face is attached.
 * 7) A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder.
 * 8) A head or reservoir of water.
 * 1)  A target block, made of foam but historically made of hay bales, to which a target face is attached.
 * 2) A wooden vessel for the mortar used in tiling or masonry, hung by a hook from the laths, or from the rounds of a ladder.
 * 3) A head or reservoir of water.
 * 1) A head or reservoir of water.

Translations

 * German:
 * Irish: mol
 * Italian:
 * Latin: umbō
 * Old English: randbēag
 * Ottoman Turkish: گوبك
 * Portuguese:, umbo
 * Spanish: umbo


 * Bulgarian: ,
 * German:, , Überstand, , Stulp,
 * Irish: mol
 * Russian:


 * Bulgarian: ,
 * French:
 * German: Abhängling,, , , , Hängezapfen
 * Italian:
 * Polish:

Verb

 * 1)  To decorate with bosses; to emboss.

Etymology 3
Apparently a corruption of.

Noun

 * 1)  A hassock or small seat, especially made from a bundle of straw.

Synonyms

 * : footrest, hassock

Translations

 * German:, Polsterhocker,

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1)  (leader)

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Noun

 * 1) garbage, rubbish, trash (leftover waste to be discarded)

Usage notes
Used mainly in the Bergen region.

Noun

 * , supervisor (someone who oversees work)
 * 1)  (final enemy in a video game)

Etymology
, from, from , from , from.

Etymology
.

Etymology
.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  ; final enemy
 * , supervisor; someone who oversees work