brazen

Etymology
From, from ; equivalent to (compare , , etc.).

The word originally meant “of brass”; the figurative verb sense (as in ) dates from the 1550s (perhaps evoking the sense “face like brass, unmoving and not showing shame”), and the adjective sense “impudent” from the 1570s. Compare.

Adjective

 * 1)  Made of brass.
 * 2) * 1786,, Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, London: Printed for S. Hooper, 745209064 ; republished as Military Antiquities Respecting a History of the English Army, from the Conquest to the Present Time, volume II, new [2nd] edition with material additions and improvements, London: Printed for T[homas] Egerton,; & G. Kearsley,, 1801,  435979550 , page 262:
 *  or rather copper swords seem to have been next introduced; these in process of time, workmen learned to harden by the addition of some other metal or mineral, which rendered them almost equal in temper to iron.
 * 1)  Brass-like in appearance or character; bright, ruddy, hard.
 * 2) Sounding harsh and loud, like brass cymbals or brass instruments.
 * 3) * 1697, ;, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, , and Æneis. Translated into English Verse;, London: Printed for ,, 839376905 ; republished as The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse by Mr. Dryden. In Three Volumes, volume III, 5th edition, London: Printed by Jacob Tonson, 1721,  181805247 , book IX, page 822, lines 667–670:
 * And now the Trumpets terribly from far, / With rattling Clangor, rouze the sleepy War. / The Souldiers Shouts succeed the Brazen Sounds, / And Heav'n, from Pole to Pole, the Noise rebounds.
 * 1)  Extremely strong; impenetrable; resolute.
 * 2) Shameless or impudent; shocking or audacious; brash.
 * 1) * 1697, ;, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, , and Æneis. Translated into English Verse;, London: Printed for ,, 839376905 ; republished as The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. Translated into English Verse by Mr. Dryden. In Three Volumes, volume III, 5th edition, London: Printed by Jacob Tonson, 1721,  181805247 , book IX, page 822, lines 667–670:
 * And now the Trumpets terribly from far, / With rattling Clangor, rouze the sleepy War. / The Souldiers Shouts succeed the Brazen Sounds, / And Heav'n, from Pole to Pole, the Noise rebounds.
 * 1)  Extremely strong; impenetrable; resolute.
 * 2) Shameless or impudent; shocking or audacious; brash.
 * 1) Shameless or impudent; shocking or audacious; brash.
 * 1) Shameless or impudent; shocking or audacious; brash.
 * 1) Shameless or impudent; shocking or audacious; brash.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, бронзов
 * Czech: mosazný
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: messinkinen
 * French:
 * German:, aus Messing, Messing-
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: χάλκεος
 * Italian: ,
 * Macedonian: месинган
 * Maori: āhua parāhe
 * Polish:
 * Russian:
 * Ukrainian: латунний


 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, ,
 * Italian:


 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French: dur comme de la pierre,
 * German:, , ,


 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Cebuano: bagag nawong
 * Czech:, ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: descarado,
 * German:, , , ,
 * Irish: dalba
 * Italian:, ,
 * Latin: protervus
 * Maori: whakatoatoa, whakametometo
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: frekk
 * Nynorsk: frekk
 * Plautdietsch: onveschämt
 * Polish:, , , hucpiarski, , rozpanoszony, rozzuchwalony, tupeciarski,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: makapal ang mukha
 * Ukrainian:, нахабний, зухвалий

Verb

 * 1)  To turn a brass color.
 * 2)  Generally followed by ' or ': to carry through in a brazen manner; to act boldly despite embarrassment, risk, etc.
 * 1)  Generally followed by ' or ': to carry through in a brazen manner; to act boldly despite embarrassment, risk, etc.

Translations

 * German: sich durchsetzen,, mutig durchstehen, großspurig handeln
 * Italian: ignorare sfacciatamente