cộng hoà

Etymology
, from, from. In other East Asian languages, alone is an attributive form, effectively adjectival in meaning and syntax; the proper words for "republican country/state" are 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. While historical evidence (in the and ) indicates that  describes the, the single rule by the Earl of Gong (共伯), whose name was He (和),   is incorrectly interpreted as joint rule by ducal ministers in the absence of a king (e.g. by  ). The idea of "government without a king" was later adopted by Japanese geographer in reference to the United States, which he dubbed ; Mitsukuri anecdotally took this suggestion from a Ruist acquaintance who could only think of the aforementioned regency as the sole example of an East Asian government with no monarch. Later Japanese authors used in a rather indiscriminate way, for anything from, to , to. The original translation into Chinese of was, whence.

Noun

 * 1) a republic