churl

Etymology
From, , , from , from , from , from. ,.

Sense 2.1 (“rough, surly, ill-bred person”) is probably an extension of sense 1 (“free peasant of the lowest rank; person without royal or noble status; bondman, serf”) and sense 2.2 (“countryman, peasant, rustic”). Sense 2.3 (“person who is stingy”) was influenced by, who is described in the of the Bible as “churlish and evil in his doings”; when Nabal, a rich man, is asked to give provisions to ’s men, he replies, “Who is David? and who is the son of ? There be many servants nowadays that break away every man from his master. Shall I then take my bread and my water, and my flesh that I have killed for my shearers, and give it unto men, whom I know not whence they be?” (1 Samuel 25:3 and 10–11; spelling modernized).



Noun

 * 1) A free peasant (as opposed to a serf) of the lowest rank, below an earl and a thane; a freeman; also, a person without royal or noble status; a commoner.
 * 2) A bondman or serf.
 * 3)  A rough, surly, ill-bred person; a boor.
 * 4)  A countryman, a peasant, a rustic.
 * 5)  A person who is stingy, especially with money; a selfish miser, a niggard.
 * 6)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A countryman, a peasant, a rustic.
 * 2)  A person who is stingy, especially with money; a selfish miser, a niggard.
 * 3)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A countryman, a peasant, a rustic.
 * 2)  A person who is stingy, especially with money; a selfish miser, a niggard.
 * 3)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A countryman, a peasant, a rustic.
 * 2)  A person who is stingy, especially with money; a selfish miser, a niggard.
 * 3)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A person who is stingy, especially with money; a selfish miser, a niggard.
 * 2)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A person who is stingy, especially with money; a selfish miser, a niggard.
 * 2)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.
 * 1)  A freedman, ranked below a thane but above a thrall.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * French:
 * Galician: pailán, pailaroco, ,
 * German:
 * Irish: aitheach,, bodach, ceamalach, daoi
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: 不作法な人
 * Maori: atuapo
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Spanish: paleto, montañero
 * Volapük:, higrobälan , jigrobälan