ciets

Etymology
From, from , from with an extra (adjectivizing) suffix -to-s. A parallel form with -tyo-s yielded 🇨🇬. Meaning change: “moving” > “happy, safe, healthy” > “strong, rigid” > “hard.” Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (dialectal, 🇨🇬).

Adjective

 * 1)  solid having stable form
 * 2) hard, solid, rigid difficult to split, crush, bend, etc.
 * 3) hard, solid having a layer of rock, or snow, or ice
 * 4)  hard, solid strong, difficult to fold or bend; made of such fabric, cloth
 * 5)  hard not soft, resistant to pressure
 * 6)  hard difficult to bend or break
 * 7)  hard, hardened having strong, harsh skin
 * 8)  thick, strong
 * 9)  hard difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune
 * 10)  hard difficult to bite and chew
 * 11)  hard, tough strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless
 * 12)  hard, stiff
 * 13)  hard, definite, clear, inalterable syn.
 * 14)  rigid, definite, determined which cannot be arbitrarily changed
 * 15)  hard, strong, determined
 * 16)  tight syn.
 * 17)  hard which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium
 * 18)  strong, sharp
 * 19)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  hard not soft, resistant to pressure
 * 2)  hard difficult to bend or break
 * 3)  hard, hardened having strong, harsh skin
 * 4)  thick, strong
 * 5)  hard difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune
 * 6)  hard difficult to bite and chew
 * 7)  hard, tough strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless
 * 8)  hard, stiff
 * 9)  hard, definite, clear, inalterable syn.
 * 10)  rigid, definite, determined which cannot be arbitrarily changed
 * 11)  hard, strong, determined
 * 12)  tight syn.
 * 13)  hard which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium
 * 14)  strong, sharp
 * 15)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  thick, strong
 * 2)  hard difficult to bend, squeeze, trim, prune
 * 3)  hard difficult to bite and chew
 * 4)  hard, tough strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless
 * 5)  hard, stiff
 * 6)  hard, definite, clear, inalterable syn.
 * 7)  rigid, definite, determined which cannot be arbitrarily changed
 * 8)  hard, strong, determined
 * 9)  tight syn.
 * 10)  hard which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium
 * 11)  strong, sharp
 * 12)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  hard, tough strong, determined, uncompromising, ruthless
 * 2)  hard, stiff
 * 3)  hard, definite, clear, inalterable syn.
 * 4)  rigid, definite, determined which cannot be arbitrarily changed
 * 5)  hard, strong, determined
 * 6)  tight syn.
 * 7)  hard which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium
 * 8)  strong, sharp
 * 9)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  hard, definite, clear, inalterable syn.
 * 2)  rigid, definite, determined which cannot be arbitrarily changed
 * 3)  hard, strong, determined
 * 4)  tight syn.
 * 5)  hard which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium
 * 6)  strong, sharp
 * 7)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  hard, strong, determined
 * 2)  tight syn.
 * 3)  hard which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium
 * 4)  strong, sharp
 * 5)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  hard which contains salts, usually of calcium and magnesium
 * 2)  strong, sharp
 * 3)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,
 * 1)  tight(ly) close, close together syn. ,

Usage notes
The adverbial form is the one normally used adverbially; the shorter form  is more frequently found as a predicative adverb meaning “closed”, “shut” (cf. 🇨🇬) or to mark imperfective status with certain verbs (e.g.,   with respect to perfective ).

Antonyms

 * (“liquid”), (“gaseous”)