civil society

Etymology
From the archaic sense of, “peaceful and well-ordered”. Later senses of civil society reflect 19th-century Hegelian influence, as well as the earlier argument that tyrannical governments exist in the state of nature in relation to their subjects.

Noun

 * 1) All of the institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies that are less than the state but greater than the family.
 * 2) Those things expected of a democratic society, such as free speech and human rights.
 * 3)   Organized, internally peaceful human society; civilization.

Translations

 * Arabic: مُجْتَمَع مَدَنِيّ
 * Armenian:, քաղհասարակություն
 * Azerbaijani: vətəndaş cəmiyyəti
 * Bulgarian: гражданско общество
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 公民社會
 * Czech: občanská společnost
 * Dutch: maatschappelijk middenveld
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, bürgerliche Gesellschaft
 * Hungarian: civil társadalom, polgári társadalom
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh: азаматтық қоғам
 * Khmer: អសេនិកសង្គម, សង្គមស៊ីវិល
 * Maltese: soċjetà ċivili
 * Mongolian: иргэний нийгэм
 * Polish: społeczeństwo obywatelskie
 * Russian: гражда́нское о́бщество
 * Ukrainian: громадянське суспільство
 * Vietnamese: xã hội dân sự


 * Latin: status cīvīlis